高考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法正反解讀專題七 正反解讀非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞

1、專題七 正反解讀非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞專題七 考點(diǎn)薈萃考點(diǎn)薈萃從近幾年的高考試題來(lái)看，非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞考查特征呈現(xiàn)情景和設(shè)問(wèn)角度的多樣化趨勢(shì)。具體考點(diǎn)如下：現(xiàn)在分詞與過(guò)去分詞的區(qū)別；done, being done, to be done的區(qū)別；不定式與分詞作狀語(yǔ)的區(qū)別；不定式的時(shí)態(tài)及疑問(wèn)詞不定式形式；謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的區(qū)分；非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)、復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)以及獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)的使用。大家在判斷使用何種非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式時(shí)，可遵循以下規(guī)律：對(duì)比時(shí)間：對(duì)照謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)間，確定非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)形式；辨明邏輯：從非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與其邏輯主語(yǔ)的關(guān)系判斷非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的語(yǔ)態(tài)。一、動(dòng)詞不定式1動(dòng)詞不定式的各種形式及其表達(dá)的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)意義專題

2、七 正面解讀正面解讀主動(dòng)被動(dòng)一般式to doto be done進(jìn)行式to be doing/完成式to have doneto have been done完成進(jìn)行式to have been doing/如：He seems to know this.It is important to read English every day.The bridge to be built next year is very long.Im sorry to have kept you waiting so long.His new novel is said to have been publishe

3、d.She happened to be writing a letter when I passed by.了解不定式各種形式的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)意義對(duì)正確理解和使用不定式起著很重要的作用。要結(jié)合不定式的句法功能一起掌握，靈活運(yùn)用。 專題七 正面解讀2不定式的句法功能除了謂語(yǔ)外，不定式可以擔(dān)當(dāng)句子的任何成分。To see is to believe. 眼見(jiàn)為實(shí)。(作主語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ))You should continue to learn as long as you live. 要活到老學(xué)到老。(作賓語(yǔ))She usually has a lot of meetings to attend in the

4、 evenings. 她晚上經(jīng)常有很多會(huì)要開(kāi)。(作定語(yǔ))To do a good job, we must have the right tools. 要干好活工具得用對(duì)。(作狀語(yǔ))I didnt expect you to arrive so early. 我沒(méi)想到你來(lái)得那么早。(作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ))專題七 正面解讀3學(xué)習(xí)動(dòng)詞不定式應(yīng)注意的幾個(gè)問(wèn)題(1)用不定式作賓語(yǔ)的詞語(yǔ)。下列詞語(yǔ)常用不定式作賓語(yǔ)：afford，promise，refuse，expect，hope，learn，offer，wish，want，fail，plan，agree，prefer，decide，manage，arrange

5、，determine，desire等。下列動(dòng)詞后可接“疑問(wèn)詞不定式”：teach，decide，wonder，show，learn，forget，ask，advise，discuss等。專題七 正面解讀(2)理解和使用不定式作賓補(bǔ)。see，watch，notice，hear，listen to，observe，feel，make，let，have等的賓補(bǔ)用動(dòng)詞原形，變被動(dòng)時(shí)要加to，此時(shí)的不定式就是主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。常用不定式作賓補(bǔ)的幾種情況：主語(yǔ)ask/require/tell/order/force/get/want/likesb. to do sth.主語(yǔ)think/judge/suppose

6、/believe/consider/imaginesb.to be/to have done sth.主語(yǔ)call on/depend on/wait for/ask forsb.to do sth. 專題七 正面解讀(3)不定式作定語(yǔ)的特殊用法。下列詞語(yǔ)后常接不定式作定語(yǔ)：chance，wish，right，courage，need，promise，time，opportunity，way，the first，the second，the last，the only等。如：He had a good way to make his lessons lively and interesting

7、. Who was the first one to get to the top of the hill yesterday?不定式作定語(yǔ)和所修飾的名詞在邏輯上有主謂關(guān)系。如：There is no one to look after her. 專題七 正面解讀不定式與被修飾的名詞在邏輯上有動(dòng)賓關(guān)系。如：I have a lot of work to do. 如果不定式是不及物動(dòng)詞，后面應(yīng)有必要的介詞。如：He is looking for a room to live in. 但如果及物動(dòng)詞后已有了自己的賓語(yǔ)，其后還應(yīng)加適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~。Here is a box to put things i

8、n. 注意：如果不定式的邏輯主語(yǔ)和邏輯賓語(yǔ)都出現(xiàn)在不定式前面，不定式則用主動(dòng)形式；若在句中找不到不定式的邏輯主語(yǔ)，則用不定式的被動(dòng)形式。注意這兩句話的區(qū)別：I have a letter to write. 我有封信要寫。(我寫信)專題七 正面解讀Im going to Beijing next week. Do you have anything to be taken to your friends？你有什么要(我)帶給你的朋友們嗎？(被我?guī)Ф皇悄銕?(4)不定式作狀語(yǔ)的用法。不定式作狀語(yǔ)，修飾動(dòng)詞，在句中表示目的、結(jié)果、原因。only to do表示出人意料的結(jié)果。如：We hurri

9、ed to the classroom only to find none there. in order (not) to，so as (not) to用來(lái)引導(dǎo)目的狀語(yǔ)，但so as to不能用于句首。soas to do, such 名詞as to do引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)。如：專題七 正面解讀The girl was so kind as to help the old man off the bus. Im not such a fool as to believe that. 不定式還可以作修飾表語(yǔ)形容詞或補(bǔ)語(yǔ)形容詞的狀語(yǔ)。如：He is hard to please / to get al

10、ong with. Do you think him easy to work with? 注意：此時(shí)不定式用主動(dòng)，而不需用被動(dòng)。而且不及物動(dòng)詞后的介詞不能遺漏。專題七 正面解讀(5)不定式的完成式的特殊用法。表示不定式中動(dòng)詞發(fā)生的動(dòng)作先于主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞發(fā)出的動(dòng)作。如：The novel was said to have been published. I regret to have been with you for so many years. seem，appear，be said，be supposed，be believed，be thought，be known，be repor

11、ted等常用于上面句型。此外，glad，happy，satisfied，sorry，surprised，disappointed后也可接不定式的完成式。專題七 正面解讀不定式的完成式還可表示“過(guò)去本想做某事但未做”的虛擬語(yǔ)氣。(A)would like/would love 不定式的完成式。(B)was/were 不定式的完成式，表示該做某事或想做但未實(shí)現(xiàn)。(C)expect/hope/mean/promise/suppose/think/want/wish 不定式的完成式，表示過(guò)去未曾實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望。專題七 正面解讀(6)不定式的省略。兩個(gè)并列的不定式由and或or連接時(shí)，省略后面的不定式中的t

12、o。如：I want to finish my homework and go home. Im really puzzled what to think or say. 特例：To be or not to be，this is a question. He is better to laugh than to cry. (表示對(duì)比)句中含有動(dòng)詞do時(shí)，but，except，besides等后面的to可省略。即“前有do，后省to”。如：He didnt do anything but complain.why not, had better，would rather，cant but等后省

13、to。如：He could not but walk home. 專題七 正面解讀(7)不定式的替代。多用在同一句或聯(lián)系緊密的對(duì)話中，為了避免重復(fù)，作賓語(yǔ)或補(bǔ)語(yǔ)的不定式再次出現(xiàn)時(shí)，to后的內(nèi)容常承前省略(只保留to即可)。但如果承前省略的不定式有助動(dòng)詞have或be的任何形式，后應(yīng)該保留原形be或have。如：Susan is not what she used to be. Id like /love /be happy to. You came late this morning. You ought to have finished your homework. I know I oug

14、ht to have. 專題七 正面解讀二、動(dòng)名詞 動(dòng)名詞具有動(dòng)詞和名詞的特點(diǎn)，有一般式和完成式，有主動(dòng)式和被動(dòng)式之分，在句中可以作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)和定語(yǔ)。專題七 正面解讀1動(dòng)名詞的基本構(gòu)成和意義專題七 正面解讀時(shí)態(tài)與語(yǔ)態(tài)意義例句一般式表示動(dòng)作與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞同時(shí)或稍后發(fā)生Would you mind my opening the window？你介意我打開(kāi)窗戶嗎？完成式表示動(dòng)作先于謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞發(fā)生I remembered having been taken to Beijing three times. 我記得自己被帶到北京三次。主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)邏輯主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)名詞動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者They were praised

15、for having finished the work ahead of time. 他們因提前完成工作而受到表?yè)P(yáng)。被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)邏輯主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)名詞的承受者No one likes being laughed at in public. 沒(méi)有人愿意當(dāng)眾被嘲笑。2.動(dòng)名詞的句法功能(1)作主語(yǔ)動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)表示抽象的概念，通常直接置于句首，有時(shí)先用it作形式主語(yǔ)，把動(dòng)名詞置于句末。這種用法在習(xí)慣句型中常用。如：Climbing mountains is really fun.爬山真有趣。It is no use/no good crying over spilt milk.覆水難收。(諺語(yǔ)) 專題七 正

16、面解讀(2)作賓語(yǔ)作動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)。可接動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞巧記如下：考慮建議盼原諒(consider，suggest/advise, look forward to, excuse, pardon)承認(rèn)推遲沒(méi)得想(admit, delay/put off, fancy)避免錯(cuò)過(guò)繼續(xù)練(avoid, miss, keep/keep on, practise)否認(rèn)完成停止賞(deny, finish, stop, enjoy/appreciate)不禁介意準(zhǔn)逃亡(cant help, mind, allow/permit, escape)不準(zhǔn)冒險(xiǎn)憑想象(forbid, risk, imagine)專題

17、七 正面解讀作動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)的賓語(yǔ)。可接動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)有：think of，depend on，set about，succeed in，worry about，think about，give up，put off，burst out，insist on，cant stand, be/get used to，devoteto，look forward to，pay attention to，get down to，object to，feel like，adapt to，dream of等。三、分詞分詞包括現(xiàn)在分詞和過(guò)去分詞。學(xué)習(xí)分詞要注意下面兩大問(wèn)題：分詞的各種形式及其表達(dá)的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)意

18、義；分詞的句法功能。1分詞的各種形式及其表達(dá)的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)意義專題七 正面解讀專題七 正面解讀形式時(shí)態(tài)意義語(yǔ)態(tài)意義例句現(xiàn)在分詞 一般式 動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行或與主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞同時(shí)發(fā)生 主動(dòng) He stood on the street begging. 被動(dòng) The building being built is a hospital. 完成式 動(dòng)作發(fā)生在主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之前 主動(dòng) Having finished my homework, I went to bed. Not having received a reply, he decided to write again. 被動(dòng) Having been

19、criticized many times, Jack didnt come any more. 專題七 正面解讀形式時(shí)態(tài)意義語(yǔ)態(tài)意義例句現(xiàn)在分詞 一般式 動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行或與主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞同時(shí)發(fā)生 主動(dòng) He stood on the street begging. 被動(dòng) The building being built is a hospital. 完成式 動(dòng)作發(fā)生在主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之前 主動(dòng) Having finished my homework, I went to bed. Not having received a reply, he decided to write again. 被動(dòng) H

20、aving been criticized many times, Jack didnt come any more. 注意：了解分詞的各種形式及其表達(dá)的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)意義，是正確理解和使用分詞的關(guān)鍵。專題七 正面解讀形式時(shí)態(tài)意義語(yǔ)態(tài)意義例句過(guò)去分詞 及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞 動(dòng)作已完成 主動(dòng) I often heard the song sung. 無(wú)時(shí)態(tài)意義 被動(dòng) spoken and written English少數(shù)不及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞 動(dòng)作已完成 被動(dòng)fallen leavesthe risen sun (對(duì)比f(wàn)alling leaves正在下落的葉子，the rising sun正在升起的太

21、陽(yáng)) 分詞的時(shí)態(tài)意義和語(yǔ)態(tài)意義不同于謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)，非謂語(yǔ)的時(shí)態(tài)意義和語(yǔ)態(tài)意義都是相對(duì)而言的。具體地說(shuō)，非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)意義是和主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞相對(duì)而言，例如：如果分詞的動(dòng)作與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生，則可能用現(xiàn)在分詞一般式，如果是在主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之前發(fā)生，則可能用現(xiàn)在分詞完成式。而語(yǔ)態(tài)意義則和分詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)有關(guān)，如果分詞的動(dòng)作與其邏輯主語(yǔ)是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，則用現(xiàn)在分詞，如果與其邏輯主語(yǔ)是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，則可能用現(xiàn)在分詞的被動(dòng)式，或過(guò)去分詞。所謂的邏輯主語(yǔ)即句子中與分詞形成邏輯關(guān)系的名詞或代詞。例如：分詞作狀語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)時(shí)，其邏輯主語(yǔ)就是句子的主語(yǔ)。分詞作定語(yǔ)，其邏輯主語(yǔ)就是它所修飾的名詞或代詞。分詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足

22、語(yǔ)，其邏輯主語(yǔ)就是句子的賓語(yǔ)。專題七 正面解讀2分詞的句法功能(1)作定語(yǔ) Mike held a burning stick and Tom carried a gun. (The stick was burning.)How I regretted the hours wasted in the woods and fields(that had been wasted )!Asia is the largest continent, covering one third of the earths land area (which covers ). 分詞短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)有時(shí)和它所修飾的名詞或

23、代詞發(fā)生分隔開(kāi)來(lái)的現(xiàn)象。There is a notice on the blackboard reading “An examination will be given next week. (which reads)”專題七 正面解讀(2)作表語(yǔ) We were excited at the news. His shoes were old and worn. (3)作補(bǔ)語(yǔ)包括賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)和主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。常用于see, leave, watch, hear, feel, find, have, keep等動(dòng)詞之后以及with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)中。I saw Tom coming out of the h

24、ouse. No tricky words would move him. He kept his mouth tightly closed. We mustnt leave the work unfinished. He stood for some time with his hand still raised. 專題七 正面解讀(4)作狀語(yǔ)分詞作狀語(yǔ)常表示時(shí)間、原因、條件、方式、伴隨或結(jié)果、附加說(shuō)明等。Reading the letter, I couldnt help thinking of my school life. (時(shí)間狀語(yǔ))Being ill, I didnt go to

25、school yesterday. (原因狀語(yǔ))Not having done it as he told us to, we were scolded. (原因狀語(yǔ))Working hard, you will succeed. (條件狀語(yǔ))He came running all the way. (方式狀語(yǔ))The children headed towards school, followed by their dogs. (伴隨狀語(yǔ))專題七 正面解讀He dropped the plate, breaking it into hundreds of pieces. (結(jié)果狀語(yǔ))If t

26、he advertising fails, having no effect on sales, the whole programme will be reviewed. (附加說(shuō)明)注意：分詞作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)往往表示意料中的結(jié)果，而不定式作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)則表示意料之外的結(jié)果。試比較：A terrible storm hit the area, causing great damage to the crops. He arrived to the station only to find the train had already left. 專題七 正面解讀分詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)有時(shí)前面可加有連詞。如：Onc

27、e, while working on a new invention, Edison made 8,000 tests without success. I wont go to his party unless invited. The beggar waited as if expecting more. (5)作插入語(yǔ)的分詞獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)分詞作插入語(yǔ)的結(jié)構(gòu)是固定的，意思上的主語(yǔ)并不是句子的主語(yǔ)。如：generally speaking一般說(shuō)來(lái)talking of (speaking of)說(shuō)到strictly speaking 嚴(yán)格地說(shuō)專題七 正面解讀judging from 從判斷all

28、things considered 從整體來(lái)看taking all things into consideration全面看來(lái)Judging from his face, he must be ill.從他的臉色看，他一定是病了。Generally speaking, dogs can run faster than pigs. 總的來(lái)說(shuō)，狗比豬跑得快。(speaking不是dogs的動(dòng)作)專題七 正面解讀1【誤】 We dont allow to smoke in the lecture hall. 【正】 We dont allow smoking in the lecture hall.

29、 【正】 We dont allow people to smoke in the lecture hall.【解析】 考查固定結(jié)構(gòu)。allow doing sth.; allow sb. to do sth.2【誤】 She was the first person thinking of the idea. 【正】 She was the first person to think of the idea. 【解析】 當(dāng)序數(shù)詞或由序數(shù)詞所修飾的名詞帶定語(yǔ)時(shí)，此定語(yǔ)通常由不定式來(lái)充當(dāng)。專題七 反面解讀反面解讀3【誤】 The question being discussed at tomor

30、rows meeting is a very important one. 【正】 The question to be discussed at tomorrows meeting is a very important one. 【解析】 being discussed表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行，而根據(jù)at tomorrows meeting可判斷動(dòng)作發(fā)生在將來(lái)，故用to be discussed表示。4【誤】 This boy was seen come late this morning. 【正】 This boy was seen to come late this morning. 【解析】

31、 see，watch等動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)換為被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，其后不定式一般需要帶to。專題七 反面解讀5Ive been looking forward to hear from you.【答案】 hear 改為hearing。 【解析】 短語(yǔ)look forward to中，to為介詞，所以應(yīng)用動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)。6He admitted to have stolen the car.【答案】 to have改為having。【解析】 admit 后面跟動(dòng)詞的ing形式作賓語(yǔ)。7This is a waste of time persuading such a person to join us.【答案】 Thi

32、s改為 It?！窘馕觥?作形式主語(yǔ)，代替動(dòng)詞的ing形式，只能用it。專題七 反面解讀8The flowers need being watered. 【答案】 being watered改為watering或者to be watered?！窘馕觥?need, want, require等動(dòng)詞的主語(yǔ)為物時(shí)，后面跟動(dòng)名詞主動(dòng)形式或接不定式的被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)，表示“需要被”。9現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式通常不作定語(yǔ)或補(bǔ)語(yǔ)。(1)【誤】 I could see the house having been beautifully decorated. 【正】 I could see the house beautifu

33、lly decorated. 專題七 反面解讀(2)【誤】 The book having been written long ago is hard for us to understand today. 【正】 The book written long ago is hard for us to understand today. 10作狀語(yǔ)的分詞，其邏輯主語(yǔ)必須同句中主語(yǔ)為同一人或同一事，現(xiàn)在分詞與其邏輯主語(yǔ)有主動(dòng)關(guān)系，而過(guò)去分詞則與其邏輯主語(yǔ)有被動(dòng)關(guān)系。(1)【誤】 Having found the cause, the experiment continued. 【正】 Havin

34、g found the cause, they continued the experiment. (Having foundAfter/When they had found)專題七 反面解讀(2)【誤】 Seeing from the top of the hill, the city looks more beautiful. 【正】 Seen from the top of the hill, the city looks more beautiful. (SeenWhen the city is seen)11非謂語(yǔ)的否定式中，not必須放在非謂語(yǔ)的最前面。(1)【誤】 Having

35、 not finished his homework, he didnt want to go to bed. 【正】 Not having finished his homework, he didnt want to go to bed.(2)【誤】 Mother warns us to not play in the street. 【正】 Mother warns us not to play in the street. 專題七 反面解讀1The book mainly deals with the trouble students might have _ right from w

36、rong. Adistinguishing BdistinguishedCto distinguish Dto be distinguished【解析】 A考查固定搭配have trouble (in) doing sth.，只不過(guò)此題中的trouble提到前面作先行詞了。專題七 實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練2. _ of the truth of the reports, he told his colleagues about it. AConvinced BConvincingCTo convince DHaving convinced【解析】 A動(dòng)詞convince表示“使確信”；be convi

37、nced of sth.“確信，相信”；此處用過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)。專題七 實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練3Be careful! Dont forget you are on a ladder. But you are holding it for me, nothing _ . Aworry about Bto worry aboutCis worried about Dworrying about【解析】 B考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞?！靶⌒狞c(diǎn)。別忘了你在梯子上?！薄暗悄惴鲋?，沒(méi)什么可擔(dān)心的?！辈欢ㄊ絫o worry about作后置定語(yǔ)。專題七 實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練4He looked at me, with an expr

38、ession _ that he felt even more puzzled. Aindicate BindicatesCindicating Dindicated【解析】 Cwith an expression indicating為with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)，其中an expression為邏輯主語(yǔ)，indicate與這個(gè)邏輯主語(yǔ)之間有主動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用現(xiàn)在分詞。專題七 實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練5Your cousin is said _ a new computer programme recently, but do you know when he will finish it?Ato design Bto b

39、e designingCto have been designing Dto have designed【解析】 C本題考查不定式的用法。句意為：你的堂兄最近一直在設(shè)計(jì)一組電腦程序，你知道他什么時(shí)候完成嗎？sb be said to do為固定用法，由recently可知，設(shè)計(jì)程序是從過(guò)去一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作，應(yīng)用to have been doing結(jié)構(gòu)。專題七 實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練6When John came to himself, he found himself _ in the hospital, but he didnt know how that had come _. Astaying;

40、around Blying; aboutClied; across Dlying; into being【解析】 Bfind himself lying發(fā)現(xiàn)他自己正躺在；come about意為“發(fā)生，產(chǎn)生”。專題七 實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練7He claimed _ in the supermarket when he was doing shopping yesterday. Abeing badly treatedBtreating badlyCto be treated badlyDto have been badly treated【答案】 D專題七 實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練8Why are the student

41、s working so hard these days? _ ready for the coming entrance examination. ATo get BGet CGetting DGot【解析】 A本題考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。聯(lián)系語(yǔ)境可知，這些日子學(xué)生們努力學(xué)習(xí)是為即將到來(lái)的考試做準(zhǔn)備，動(dòng)詞不定式作目的狀語(yǔ)。故A項(xiàng)正確。專題七 實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練9If water becomes increasingly scarce in decades _ ，water shortage will become a hot issue all over the world. Acoming Bhaving

42、comeCto come Dto be coming【解析】 C本題考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。用不定式表示將要到來(lái)的。句意為：如果在將來(lái)的幾十年水資源變得稀少，那么水資源的缺乏將會(huì)成為全球比較熱門的一個(gè)話題。10The party was a success，but we thought it a pity not _ you. Ato invite Bto be invitingCto have invited Dto be invited【答案】 C專題七 實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練11Hearing the 2009 World Winter University Games _ open，all the peop

43、le in the Harbin Sports Center Gym burst into cheers. Adeclare BdeclaredCdeclaring Dto be declared【解析】 B考查過(guò)去分詞的用法。很顯然選項(xiàng)B和其邏輯主語(yǔ)the 2009 World Winter University Games是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，選B。專題七 實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練12As the light turned green，I stood for a moment, not _ and asked myself what I was going to do. Amoved BmovingCto move

44、 Dbeing moved【解析】 Bmove的邏輯主語(yǔ)就是句子的主語(yǔ)，所以用現(xiàn)在分詞，not moving 作伴隨狀語(yǔ)。如果不注意分析，很容易受并列的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞stoodand asked干擾而誤選A。專題七 實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練13An offer of a reward has caused many students in our school _ actively in the competition. Aparticipate BparticipatedCparticipating Dto participate【解析】 D句意為：比賽有獎(jiǎng)，這使得我校很多學(xué)生積極參加了比賽。cause sb.

45、to do sth. 為固定用法。專題七 實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練14The boy the teachers considered _ was caught _ in the exam, which surprised us very much. Ato be the best; cheatingBas the best student; to cheatCbeing the best; cheatingDas a good student; to cheat【解析】 Athe teachers considered _作定語(yǔ)，修飾the boy；considerto be意為“把看作”；catch sb.

46、 doing sth. 意為“抓到某人正在干某事”。專題七 實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練15Tourists all over the world come to visit the Summer Palace in Beijing, _ the combination of nature and culture. Aenjoyed Bhaving enjoyedCto have enjoyed Denjoying【解析】 D考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的用法。 enjoying 引導(dǎo)的分詞短語(yǔ)在句中作伴隨狀語(yǔ)。專題七 實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練16Where is Tom？I have something important to tell

47、him.I last saw him _ in the library reading. Asit Bseated Cseating Dsat【解析】 B本題考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。題干句子空白處用seated作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，因?yàn)閟eat是及物動(dòng)詞和賓語(yǔ)him之間的邏輯關(guān)系是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系。專題七 實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練17Something as simple as _ vegetables in childhood may help to protect you against serious illness in later life. Ato eat Beating Cto be eating Deaten【解析】

48、 B考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。空格前的as為介詞，其后的動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用其動(dòng)名詞形式。句意為：童年時(shí)像吃蔬菜這樣的簡(jiǎn)單事也許會(huì)對(duì)你后來(lái)預(yù)防疾病有好處。專題七 實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練18Tom woke up late and left home without breakfast _ another long and boring day at school. Ahaving anticipated BanticipatedCbeing anticipated Danticipating【解析】 D本題考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意為：Tom醒得很遲，沒(méi)有吃早飯就離開(kāi)家了，預(yù)期在學(xué)校又是漫長(zhǎng)、枯燥的一天。本句中，應(yīng)該用現(xiàn)在分詞形式作狀

49、語(yǔ)。選D。專題七 實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練192010江蘇卷 The retired man donated most of his savings to the school damaged by the earthquake in Yushu, _ the students to return to their classrooms. Aenabling Bhaving enabledCto enable Dto have enabled【解析】 A本題考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞?，F(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)作謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞donated的結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)。專題七 實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練202010江西卷 There were many talented actors out there just waiting _. Ato discover Bto be discoveredCdiscovered Db