Tank+cleaning貨艙清洗課件

1、What is Tank Cleaning 什么是洗艙Revised 1st Mar 20051COM Group, TMCompany Objectives of Tank CleaningDeliver “Clean onboard Cargoes” and provide professional services to meet customers requirements.Continuously improve our Tank Cleaning processes to increase efficiency and customer satisfaction.Ensure th

2、at resources and training are reviewed to meet customers requirements.As a company, we are committed to continuous improvement in the quality of all our services and operations. We are also committed to continuous improvement and enhancement of our relationships with customers, shareholders, employe

3、es and partners.Compliance with safety, health and environmental legislation and regulations continuously improving the safety and health preventing pollution; systematically identifying risks from our activities whether arising from facilities, equipment or people; controlling identified risks by e

4、nsuring that appropriate resources are available for both planning and operations; Revised 1st Dec 20042COM Group, TMTank Cleaning Equipments相關(guān)洗艙設(shè)備Revised 1st Dec 20043COM Group, TMTank Cleaning Machine There are two(2) types of grease type and non-grease type which can be found from makers instruct

5、ion book. Chemical tankers generally use non-grease type. Knowing water capacity & cycle time of tank cleaning machine against the water pressure is very useful to carry out effective tank cleaning. 有兩種洗艙設(shè)備。知道水的容量，洗艙設(shè)備循環(huán)時(shí)間，以及水壓力是非常有用的This is a sample of T/C machine which is used for chemical tankers

6、 of DWT 10,000 for your guidance. Low water pressure is used for volatile cargo, or preventing damage of coating in case of aggressive cargo. 低水壓用于易揮發(fā)貨物，或者在裝了對(duì)涂層有刺激貨物后為了保護(hù)涂層。High water pressure is used for non-volatile cargo, high viscosity cargo or vegetable & animal oil. 高水壓用于不揮發(fā)貨物，高粘度貨物或者植物油，動(dòng)物油。

7、120 UP180 DN270 UP360Revised 1st Dec 20044COM Group, TMTank Cleaning Heater洗艙加熱器 It has to be maintained well and to conduct cleaning of the heater by chemical cleaner every 6 months so as to get good temperature during tank cleaning. 每六個(gè)月使用化學(xué)清洗劑清洗，進(jìn)行維護(hù)，從而保證洗艙達(dá)到理想的溫度Revised 1st Dec 20045COM Group, T

8、MFactors to be considered for tank cleaning洗艙時(shí)應(yīng)考慮的因素Revised 1st Dec 20046COM Group, TMProperty of Cargo a) Aggressive cargo(MEK, Methanol) 刺激性貨物（丁酮，甲醇等）Such cargo makes coating of cargo tank soften and damaged. Before tank cleaning, It is required to take curing time by ventilation until tank coatin

9、g recovered to the original condition. Low water pressure of less than 6 kg/cm2 should be applied during butterworthing. 該貨物使涂層軟化以及遭到損壞，在洗艙前，需要通風(fēng)使涂層愈合，在洗艙時(shí)水壓小于6公斤/平方厘米b) Viscosity of cargo(Lubadd, OLOA 270 ) 高粘度貨物Viscosity is the internal resistance created in fluids such as water, oil and gas when

10、these materials flow. Strength or rate of viscosity is, in principle, shown as (mPa.s) at 20C. Viscosity is affected by temperature and /or pressure. Viscosity of liquid decreases as temperature rises. 液體的粘度隨著溫度的升高而減少。Therefore higher temperature and high pressure of washing machine can make it easy

11、 to remove cargo residue in cargo tank. Such cargo tanks are required to do tank cleaning by high temperature and setting T/C machines with a lot of step according to the height of cargo tank. 提高水溫以及壓力來除去殘余貨物Revised 1st Dec 20047COM Group, TMProperty of Cargoc) Solidity of cargo(Fatty Alcohol, Palm

12、Oil)易凝結(jié)（固化）物質(zhì)Every cargo has its melting point which is the temperature that the absorption of heat energy causes the molecules to move more freely, breaking up the solid structure. On the contrary, freezing point is the temperature at which crystallization begins. The temperature of tank cleaning w

13、ater depends on melting point of cargo. Such cargo tanks are required to do tank cleaning by high temperature and setting T/C machines with a lot of step according to the height of cargo tank 每種貨物都有相應(yīng)的溶點(diǎn)（凝固點(diǎn)），提高水溫，根據(jù)貨艙高度來采取多步驟。d) Corrosive(Acetic Acid, Caustic Soda) 腐蝕性（冰醋酸，液堿）Liquids which corrode

14、normal constructional materials such as steel & coating at an excessive rate. Those cargo tanks are required to do T/C by abundant water immediately as soon as completion unloading cargo. The T/C water should be discharged directly into sea through flexible hose or pipe line in order to avoid damage

15、 to coating. Slopping to other cargo tank is not recommended. 完貨后立即需要使用大量的水清洗，直接通過軟管或者管線排入海中，不建議將洗艙污水放在別的貨倉中。Revised 1st Dec 20048COM Group, TMProperty of Cargoe) Vapor pressure(Methanol, Acetone)蒸氣壓（甲醇，丙酮）The pressure exerted by the vapor above the liquid at a given temperature. It is expressed as

16、absolute pressure. The cargo with high vapor pressure can be done T/C by simple method only one step of machine because there is no residue on the wall but only bottom and shortest time which can remove residue remained on bottom. 在液體表面上蒸氣產(chǎn)生的壓力。 使用壓力表示。 高蒸氣壓的貨物可以僅僅使用非常簡(jiǎn)單方式和少量的步驟來進(jìn)行洗艙，因?yàn)榕摫跊]有殘留物，僅僅在艙底

17、才有殘留物，使用最少的時(shí)間就可以將殘留物除去。During the initial stages of T/C, low temperature of tank cleaning water is required in order to avoid explosion by flammable vapor. Cargo residues of substances with a vapor pressure greater than 5 kpa( equaled to 37.5 mmMg ) at 20C may be removed from a cargo tank by ventila

18、tion. 在洗艙初期，必須使用低溫水洗艙，避免可燃蒸氣爆炸。 在20度時(shí)當(dāng)殘留物的物質(zhì)的蒸氣壓力大于5KPa(等于37.5mmMg),可以僅用通風(fēng)來除去殘留物。Revised 1st Dec 20049COM Group, TMProperty of Cargof) Static electricity(Benzene) 靜電（苯）Clean oils are, in general, accumulators of static electricity because of their low conductivity and it is required following precau

19、tions before/during/after tank cleaning in order to avoid explosion:通常來說，清油由于不導(dǎo)電的特征從而使其容易聚集電荷，在洗艙中需要下列步驟來避免爆炸。 Before washing, the tank bottom should be flushed with water and stripped.在洗艙前，艙底必須加水沖洗，并且泵出。 Before washing, the tank should be ventilated to reduce the gas concentration of the atmosphere

20、 to 10% or less of the lower flammable limit.在洗艙前，艙內(nèi)必須通風(fēng)，致使氣體濃度在10%以下或者爆炸極限下限。If portable washing machines are used, all hose connections should be made up and tested for electrical continuity before the washing machine is introduced into the tank. 如果使用移動(dòng)洗艙機(jī)，所有管線應(yīng)該系牢，并且接地，對(duì)導(dǎo)電性進(jìn)行測(cè)試，之后才能開始洗艙。 Connecti

21、ons should not be broken until after the machine has been removed from the tank，在整個(gè)機(jī)器完全移出貨艙后才能將給連接口拆開。 To drain the hose a coupling may be partially opened and then re-tightened before the machine is removed ，為了濾干管線接頭， Re-circulated wash water should not be used for tank cleaning Steam should not be

22、 injected into the tank 蒸氣不允許進(jìn)入艙內(nèi) Wash water does not exceed 60C 洗艙水不允許超過60度 The total water throughput per cargo tank should be kept as low as practicable and must in no case exceed 180m3/h 各艙進(jìn)水速度要保持盡量低速， 不能超過180立方/小時(shí)Equipment should be bonded and securely earthed to the ship before introduction in

23、to the tank and remain so earthed until removed 設(shè)備必須綁扎住并且在進(jìn)入貨艙前接地，直到移開設(shè)備。Revised 1st Dec 200410COM Group, TMProperty of Cargog)Solubility in water (MEG, IPA, Acetone, Methanol, )水溶性物質(zhì)The cargo which is completely soluble in water is very easy to remove the residue in cargo tank by only wash- water w

24、ithout using any detergent or chemical solvent. Solubility in water of some cargo depends on temperature. Phenol is completely soluble in water at 66C. 此類貨物能夠完全融于水， 可以不加清潔劑或化學(xué)溶劑而僅用水就可以除去殘留物。 但有些貨物的可溶性是和水溫有關(guān)系，苯酚在66度時(shí)完全溶于水。h)Dry oil(Fish oil, Linseed oil, Safflower oil, Soya bean oil etc.,)干油類It is th

25、e oil exceeding 130 in iodine value. T/C of Dry cargo tank has to be done as soon as completion unloading cargo. If not available to do T/C immediately, pre-wash is required. T/C of such cargo has to use high pressured cold water with a lot of step of machine in order to avoid cargo residues in carg

26、o tank to become sticky. Such cargo can not completely remove residues in cargo tank by only pre-washing but required to use detergent or chemical solvent. Slopping to other cargo tank is not recommended. (Non drying oil HCDI water or Methanol spray蒸餾水或甲醇噴洗2-5ppmHCSteaming and DI or Methanol spray蒸氣

27、沖洗和蒸餾水或者甲醇噴洗。HC5ppmRe-cleaning by detergent, FW washing and Steaming 重新用洗滌劑艙，淡水洗艙和蒸氣洗Revised 1st Dec 200450COM Group, TMChloride Test 氯化物測(cè)試Chloride Test Fill up Sample/ 50cc+ 20% HNO3/ 2cc + 2% AgNO3/ 2cc +Distilled water/46cc into 100cc Nessler-tube The mixture is shaken and allowed to stand for 10

28、 minutesThe mixture in the tube is compared with Standard solution on the Black plate (Standard Solutions for each ppm) 2 ppmppmMethanol 20% HNO32% AgNO310ppm standard CLDistilled waterTotal50cc2cc2cc8cc38cc100cc1 ppm50cc2cc2cc4cc42cc100cc0.5 ppm50cc2cc2cc2cc44cc100cc0.25 ppm50cc2cc2cc1cc45cc100ccRe

29、vised 1st Dec 200451COM Group, TMChloride test塩分（NaCl)有無Revised 1st Dec 200452COM Group, TMRemoval of ChlorideResultFurther action can be expectedCL2 ppmDI water or Methanol sprayCL2-5 ppmRe-steaming and DI or Methanol sprayCL5ppmFW washing, steaming and DI or Methanol sprayRevised 1st Dec 200453COM

30、 Group, TMPermanganate Time Test(P.T.T)高錳酸鉀測(cè)試Fill up Sample/50cc and add 0.02% KMnO4/ 2cc into 100cc Nessler-tube(Sample)將樣品50cc和0.02% 高錳酸鉀2cc加入100cc試管中。（樣品）Fill up Methanol/50cc and add 0.02% KMnO4/2cc into another 100cc Nessler-tube(Standard)將甲醇50cc和0.02%高錳酸鉀2cc加入另外100cc試管中。（標(biāo)準(zhǔn)）The mixture is shak

31、en and then wait until the color of violet turned orange將混合物搖勻然后等待顏色由紫色變成橙色。The times required for P.T.T are as follows: 關(guān)于高錳酸鉀測(cè)試要求的時(shí)間如下：50minutes over at 15C, or 30minutes over at 25C, or 20minutes over at 28 15攝氏度下50分鐘才變色，或者25度下30分鐘變色?；蛘?8度下20分鐘變色。Checking of color change: VioletLight VioletOrange

32、 colorLight yellow -? Minutes ?-Revised 1st Dec 200454COM Group, TMPermanganate Time Test酸化易不純物（還元性不純物）検知Revised 1st Dec 200455COM Group, TMRemoval of Oxide residueResult 15Further action can be expected40PTT50 minMethanol spray30 PTT40 minSteaming and Methanol sprayPTT30 minRe-cleaning by detergent

33、Revised 1st Dec 200456COM Group, TMAPHA Color TestAPHA Color TestFill up Sample/50cc and add Methanol/50cc into 100cc Nessler-tubeCompare with APHA standard color(from No.1 to No.20) Revised 1st Dec 200457COM Group, TMNon-Volatile Matters Test(NVM Test)Non-Volatile Matters Test(NVM Test)For NVM test

34、, wall of cargo tank has to be washed by Acetone instead of Methanol Put the sample in Shalle on hot plate until Acetone vaporized completely and then check the residues such as oil remained in Shalle. Reagent : Hexane, Acetone, DichloromethanRevised 1st Dec 200458COM Group, TMPolymer TestStyrene Mo

35、nomer, Acrylate等Monomer中Polymer有無Test。Revised 1st Dec 200459COM Group, TMT/C General Precautions Revised 1st Dec 200460COM Group, TMFresh water flushingBefore start fresh water flushing, confirm any leakage of fresh water to outboard through anchor wash or cooling water, or mixed with sea water.Conf

36、irm cargo tank is gas freed( check gas & O2 contents).Control pressure in proceeding into cargo tank not to drop down working crew Revised 1st Dec 200461COM Group, TMVentilation & Gas freeMost of chemical have heavy vapor density, ventilation duct to be inserted near bottom of cargo tank for effecti

37、ve ventilationPreventing sweat in cargo tank to be considered dew point Revised 1st Dec 200462COM Group, TMDrying and Blowing procedures1) Natural ventilation2) Forced fan used3) Water driven fan used4) Pressurized air used to confirm the dry condition in pipe lineRevised 1st Dec 200463COM Group, TM

38、Mopping13.1) Entry permit should be issued before entry and observe enclosed space entry procedure in our manual and ISGOTT13.2) Before entry, put the warning plate on oil tight hatch cover and post one man near hatch cover Revised 1st Dec 200464COM Group, TMRevised 1st Dec 200465COM Group, TMTank i

39、nspection Revised 1st Dec 200466COM Group, TMTank crack inspection1. Keep tanks dry completely before checking of tank crack or pin holes. - It is very hard to find any minor pin holes or crack under wet condition of coating, especially Zinc coating.2. Ballast tanks underneath the cargo tank being i

40、ntended to check shall be overflowed from half an hour before to check at least and during checking. - Note that just once or short time overflowing may not be effective for checking of minor pin holes.3. Focus to the part being rusted around the suction well.4. Any leak can be checked with the carg

41、o smell from the Water Ballast Tanks by- smell from vent head while WBT is ballasting and- smell from vent head while WBT is blowing by the air via sounding pipe.5. Any leak can also be checked with visual inspection while de-ballasting operation.6. Keep in mind that most of pine holes in way to WBT

42、 are around the suction well.And cracks on the corrugated bulkheads usually occur at the lower end of the bulkheads in way of the welding beads connecting the bulkheads to the inner bottom plate.7. And any part once repaired in the past is apt to make another crack in the future.To find any cargo le

43、ak into the WBT by the sounding rod, gasoline and oil finding paste or chemical paste will be effective, therefore such finding paste must be ready to use always.Dye-penetrant test (color check) will be very effective way to finding the crack part.10. Ultrasonic Transmitter if available is also help

44、ful to make sure the tightness of cargo tank or crack.11. Make the drawing of ships crack / pinhole history but handle it with great care.12. Any crack, leak, pin holes and smell from WBT must be promptly reported to her manager and Tokyo Marine without fail.Revised 1st Dec 200467COM Group, TMLine &

45、 Tank Check1. ANY SMELL OF PREVIOUS CARGO IN THE TANK AND PIPELINE MEANS THAT TANK AND PIPELINE ARE NOT CLEANED FOR ANY OF NEXT CARGO. (HEATING COIL AND PUMP COFFERDAM, STRAINER MUST BE INCLUDED)2. ANY MOISTURE AND WATER DRAIN IN THE TANK AND PIPELINE MEANS THAT TANK AND PIPELINE ARE NOT READY FOR A

46、NY OF NEXT CARGO.3. IN ORDER TO REMOVE THE PREVIOUS CARGO SMELL, 1) CARRY OUT IMMEDIATE VENTILATION AFTER BUTTERWORTH AND STEAMING 2) ANY BLISTER IN THE EPOXY TANK, MUST BE SCRAPPED.4. IN ORDER TO REMOVE THE WATER DRAIN IN THE PIPELINE 1) ALL CONCERNED PIPELINE MUST BE BLOWN BY PRESSURIZING AIR 2) O

47、PEN THE BLIND FLANGES AND CHECK INSIDE THE PIPELINE. 3) DO NOT OVERLOOK TO CHECK THE DEAD SPACE OF PIPE LINE5. ANY RESIDUE CAUSED BY DETERGENT OR CHEMICAL REACTION ALSO MEANS THAT TANK AND PIPELINE ARE NOT READY FOR ANY OF NEXT CARGO.6. CAREFUL CHECKING AT END OF EVERY STEP BEFORE PROCEED TO NEXT IS

48、 MOST IMPORTANT TO MINIMIZE TIME, WORKLOAD.7. KEY OPERATION AND CHECK BY THE MASTER WHO HAS MORE EXPERIENCE AND KNOWLEDGE IS ALSO IMPORTANT (ONE STEP EARLIER CHECK IS BETTER THAN LATER REPORT) Revised 1st Dec 200468COM Group, TMFollowing points should be conformed and inspectedSmell, Vent line in ha

49、tch cover, Ladder step, Heating coil, Suction well, Drop line, Pump side, Vent line, PV valve, Both manifold, Any suspected matter such as bolt & nut, Waste on tank bottom, coating damages such as discolor, crack, pitting, Blister, Damages of tank structure such as crack, Hole, Bend, Dent, Any leaka

50、ge. Revised 1st Dec 200469COM Group, TMCauses of Tank Inspection FailureImproper cleaning of cargo tanks up to required level by lack of knowledge or experience or short cut of tank cleaning procedure due to time constraint.Improper inspection of tank and its outfitting by the responsible officer.Ig

51、norance of inspection specification and requirements for the next cargo due to lack of information from the operator. Revised 1st Dec 200470COM Group, TMPreventive MeasuresSufficient tank cleaning regardless of next cargo to be carried out, (if you find it difficult to carry out proper tank cleaning

52、 before arrival at the loading port, you have to notify the company and discuss with them to get enough time for proper tank cleaning.)Acquisition of necessary information and guidance on tank cleaning method for current cargo and inspection and quality requirements for next cargo through the local

53、agent or the company well in advanceConfirmation of the following upon completion of tank cleaning.a) Regardless of next cargo, heating coil should be tested and confirmed if there is any leakage.b) Cargo lines have to be blown out by compressed air thoroughly and be well drained.c) Both manifolds o

54、n deck, outlet of drop line in cargo tank, pump suction at suction well, supportingangles, bolts & nuts, and every nook & corners have to be checked if there are any residues of previous cargo or foreign matters.d) Coating condition.e) Foreign matters.f) Smell.g) Sweat(please refer to our circular 2

55、7/00 Prevention of Sweat) h) In case of sensitive cargo for hydrocarbon & chloride, WWT should be carried out by ships hand in advance and confirmed within specificationRevised 1st Dec 200471COM Group, TMPreventive MeasuresFull ballasting cold sea water into adjacent ballast tank of concerned cargo

56、tank should be avoided for prevention sweating in cargo tank. Cargo tank inspection should be carried out by chief mate finally.Even though cargo tanks were fully dried and no smell in cargo tanks at the time of inspection, cargo tanks can sweat and smell again as time passes under closed condition.

57、 Cargo tanks should be inspected and ventilated properly as necessary to suit changes of surroundings and circumstances.If there is any doubt, worry or lack of confidence to cope with any condition which you havenever experienced, please consult with the company without hesitation and carry out tank

58、cleaning completely prior to arrival at a berth. Most of the terminals do not allow the crewto enter into cargo tanks for cleaning while vessel stays at their berth. Revised 1st Dec 200472COM Group, TMWALL WASH TESTRevised 1st Dec 200473COM Group, TMPREPARATION - Reagent-a) Pure Methanol (500ml/bott

59、le)b) Pure Water (Distillated Water)c) Acetone (500ml/bottle)d) 2% AgNO3 Solution (500ml/bottle)e) 20% HNO3 Solution (500ml bottle)f) 10ppm(0.01mg/ml) Chlorine Standard Solution (500ml/bottle)g) 0.02% KMnO4 Solution (500ml/bottle) -Store in dark place and keep cool temperature Revised 1st Dec 200474

60、COM Group, TMPREPARATION-Instrument-a) Funnel x 1b) Plastic Bottles (500 ml x 2 bottles for Methanol washing/Pure Water Dropping)c) Nessler-Tube (100ml x 6pcs)d) Pipet (5ml x 4pcs for AgNO3/HNO3/CL/KMnO4 respectively)e) Shalle x 2pcs(for testing Non-volatile matters) f) Disposable Vinyl gloves (200s