數(shù)詞和冠詞的翻譯解析課件

1、數(shù)詞和冠詞的翻譯考考大家：幾個(gè)A few; several; a number of好幾百個(gè)Hundreds of幾十萬Hundreds of thousands of成千上萬Thousands of 這是你第幾次來杭州？Is this your first visit to Hangzhou?我十分愿意回答這個(gè)問題。I feel more than happier to answer this question.第一節(jié)、數(shù)詞的翻譯 數(shù)詞通常用來表達(dá)精確的數(shù)目和數(shù)量，翻譯過程中“一就是一，二就是二”不能含糊。 然而，在一定的語境中，數(shù)字已經(jīng)失去了精確的概念，變得抽象、模糊、籠統(tǒng)，如在“三思而后

2、行”、“百戰(zhàn)百勝”中，數(shù)詞已不再表達(dá)原先的精確數(shù)值，翻譯這樣的數(shù)據(jù)時(shí)，就不能死摳數(shù)字本身。一、保持原來數(shù)字不變你好像一夜之間長高了十英寸。You look as if you grew ten inches in the night.一寸光陰一寸金。An inch of time is (worth) an inch of gold.你故意淹死兩千兩百個(gè)小工，每一個(gè)小工的性命你扣三百錢。You drowned 2200 coolies in cold blood, and for each life, you raked in 300 dollars.一些籠統(tǒng)數(shù)字的翻譯十幾個(gè)幾十個(gè)幾十年七十好

3、幾了億萬More than/ no more than twentyDozens ofDecadesWell over seventyHundreds of millions of翻譯磨刀石（數(shù)字直譯）一個(gè)中心，兩個(gè)基本點(diǎn)四項(xiàng)基本原則和平共處五項(xiàng)原則他們倆每人有十個(gè)孩子。一鳥在手，勝于百鳥在林。One central task and two basic pointsThe four cardinal principlesThe Five Principles of Peaceful CoexistenceBoth of them have ten children. (each?)A bir

4、d in the hand is better than a hundred in the wood.二、改變原來的數(shù)字 有的數(shù)據(jù)無法直譯，如一些一語雙關(guān)的歇后語，以及字面意義和實(shí)際意義完全不符的成語和俗語等。有的數(shù)詞雖然可以直譯，但與譯入語的表達(dá)習(xí)慣不協(xié)調(diào)，易引起歧義。 這些情況下，只好犧牲某些形式上的特點(diǎn)，結(jié)合上下文的內(nèi)容和譯入語的習(xí)慣，采取意譯法，酌情改變數(shù)字。他買了24本雜志。He has bought two dozen magazines.500年來，中國的戲劇有了很大的發(fā)展。The past five centuries witnessed great development i

5、n Chinese drama.他的數(shù)學(xué)在班上是首屈一指的。His math is second to none in his class.每次我們閑聊，她十有八九要說到你。She talks about you nine times out of ten when we have a chat.三五中秋夕，清游擬上元。（紅樓夢）Mid-autumns fifteenth night is here again.As on the feast of lanterns we stroll round.一些序數(shù)詞的翻譯你們隊(duì)得了第幾名？Did your team win the champions

6、hip?這個(gè)孩子是你的老幾??？Is this your oldest / youngest child?一朝被蛇咬，十年怕井繩。Once bitten, twice shy. (套譯)三思而后行。Look before you leap. (套譯)要遵照英語習(xí)慣普及工作若是停留在一個(gè)水平上那么教育者和被教育者豈不都是半斤八兩？If popularization remains at the same level for everwill not those educators and those being educated be six of one and half a dozen of

7、the other?翻譯磨刀石(意譯)1 對于人性，我有研究，略知一二。2 你不該對此事說三道四。3 此乃千載難逢的好機(jī)會，你一定要抓住。4 別三心二意了，就這么辦吧。5 五大三粗6 不管三七二十一。7 六神無主key1 I have studied human nature, and I know a thing or two.2 You should not have said anything about the matter.3 You must seize the chance. Its a chance of lifetime. (very rare chance)4 Dont b

8、e wavering. Go right ahead.5 big and tall6 do something regardless of the consequences7 restless （in a state of utter stupefaction）三、省略數(shù)詞翻譯活動中，總有一些數(shù)詞在語法。語言形式上都不符合譯文的表達(dá)習(xí)慣和文化背景，無法找到對等的詞來翻譯，這時(shí)該省則省，但譯文在聯(lián)想意義上應(yīng)該和原文一致。如：身懷六甲：To be pregnantExamples:六街三市六親六畜萬紫千紅一諾千金九死一生Downtown areaAll ones relatives and fri

9、ends(Six) domestic animalsA variety of colorA promise that will be keptA narrow escape from death (a near escape /go)此地?zé)o銀三百兩。A guilty person gives himself away by conspicuously protesting his innocence.那大漢已有七八分醉。(水滸傳)Now the big fellow was already half-drunken.等他們趕來增援時(shí)，已是“正月十五貼門神，晚了半月啦”。But they wer

10、e too late for a rescue.有些商場的售貨員態(tài)度冷若冰霜，拒人千里之外。Shop assistants in some markets are frosty in manner, repelling customers from a distance.翻譯磨刀石1 百聞不如一見。2 亂七八糟3 滄海一粟/不足掛齒/不值一提/九牛一毛4 一個(gè)巴掌拍不響。5 孤注一擲6 一不做，二不休7 一失足成千古恨key1 Seeing is believing.2 at sixes and sevens3 a drop in the bucket4 It takes two to mak

11、e a quarrel.5 to put all ones eggs in one basket 6 In for a penny, in for a pound. orOne may as well be hanged for a sheep as a lamb.7 A hundred years cannot repair a moments loss of honor. orA single slip may cause lasting sorrow.倍數(shù)的翻譯1 倍數(shù)增加表示A 的大小是B 的N倍，或者A比B大N-1倍：A is N times as great (long, much

12、) as B.A is N times greater (longer, more) than B.A is N times the size (length, amount) of B.這本書比那本書厚兩倍。This book is three times as thick as (three times thicker than) that one.注：當(dāng)相比對象B很明顯時(shí)，英語中的than (as, of)B常被省略。表示“增加到”Increase to N timesIncrease N times /n-foldIncrease by N timesIncrease by a fac

13、tor of N動詞increase常用raise, grow, go up, step up, multiply等替換集成電路的產(chǎn)量比去年增加了兩倍。The production of integrated circuits has been increased to three times as compared with last year.化肥產(chǎn)量比1996年增加了4倍。The output of chemical fertilizer has been raised five times (by a factor of five) as against 1996.那樣可以使代謝率提高

14、一倍或兩倍。That can increase metabolic rates by two or three times.There is a “N-fold” increase / growth句型據(jù)報(bào)道，價(jià)值破紀(jì)錄地增長了三倍。There is a four-time increase in value according to the report.A record high increase of four times in value was reported.Double, treble (triple), quadruple這些機(jī)器的效率已經(jīng)提高了兩倍或三倍多。The effi

15、ciency of the machines has been more than trebled or quadrupled.百分比表達(dá)倍數(shù)美國移民研究中心1999年9月發(fā)表的一份報(bào)告指出，移民的貧困率1979年至1997年間增長了123%，移民貧困人口由270萬增至770萬。1989年至1997年間，新增貧困人口中，移民達(dá)300萬人，占75%。A report by the American Center for Immigration Research in September, 1999 pointed out that the poverty rate of the immigran

16、ts increased 123 percent between 1979 and 1997, and the population of poor immigrants soared from 2.7 million to 7.7 million. Indeed, between 1989 and 1997, among the newly increased poor population, 3 million (or 75% of the total) were immigrants, accounting for 75 percent of the total.用Again表示倍數(shù)A比

17、B多一倍A is as much (large, long) again as B.=A is twice as much as BA比B多一半（A是B的一倍半）A is half as much again as B.A is one and a half times as much as B.2 倍數(shù)減少A is N times as small (light, slow) as B.A is N times smaller (lighter, slower) than B.Decrease N timesDecrease by N timesDecrease by a factor of

18、 NThere is a N-fold decrease/ reduction這種薄膜比普通紙張要薄一半。This sort of membrane is twice thinner than ordinary paper.新型晶體管的開關(guān)時(shí)間縮短了2/3。Switching time of the new-type transistor is shortened 3 times.該設(shè)備的誤差率降低了4/5。The equipment reduced the error probability by a factor of 5.這種產(chǎn)品的主要優(yōu)點(diǎn)是重量減輕了1/2。The principal

19、advantage of the product is a two-fold reduction in weight.第二節(jié)、活用英語冠詞定冠詞（the）、不定冠詞(a/an)、零冠詞漢譯英時(shí)要注意冠詞的適當(dāng)添加。一、補(bǔ)足不定冠詞 a/an1 補(bǔ)充a/an表示次數(shù)概念我有權(quán)要求你對你的話作一番解釋。I have a right to demand an explanation of your words.做了一番視察To make an inspection of 進(jìn)行一場辯論To have an argument with 漢語動詞轉(zhuǎn)化成英語抽象名詞時(shí)，或使用there be結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，注意根據(jù)

20、上下文和語法需要添加不定冠詞氣溫突然下降。There was a sudden fall in temperature.城里發(fā)生了麻疹病。There has been an outbreak of measles in town.2 表示種類或部分概念一種寧靜的幸福充滿了他的心田。A serene happiness filled his heart.她干工作有驚人的堅(jiān)忍不拔的毅力。She did her work with a perseverance that was truly amazing.3 添加不定冠詞表示具有某種品質(zhì)的人或物百歲以上的人是很少見的。A man over a hu

21、ndred years old is a rarity.這種紅黃紋路的貝殼真是稀奇物。This red and yellow striped seashell is quite a curiosity.drill1 我們的折疊桌是個(gè)很方便的家具。2 攝影是一種藝術(shù)。3 他以幽默大師聞名，但他現(xiàn)在沒有什么幽默了。4 在村與村之間，你幾乎看不到一個(gè)人。5 少校真誠地喜歡并尊敬他的嫂嫂。+a/ankey1 Our folding table is a great convenience.2 Photography is an art.3 He was famed as a wit, but he h

22、as no wit now.4 You saw hardly a soul between the villages.5 The major had a sincere liking and regard for his sister-in-law.二、補(bǔ)足定冠詞、限定詞這起犯罪行為很快被發(fā)現(xiàn)了。犯罪行為在增加。The crime was soon discovered.Crime is increasing.比較：比較：你覺得這音樂怎樣？他的工作是制作音樂。What do you think of the music?His work is to compose music.某些表示人體部位

23、的名詞前需加定冠詞這種場景會很悅目的。The scene will please the eye.她想方設(shè)法訓(xùn)練青年學(xué)生的聽力。She tried to train the ear of young students.某些表示工具、容器等意義的名詞前要加定冠詞文強(qiáng)于武。The pen is mightier than the sword.湯姆很喜歡喝酒。Tom is too fond of the bottle.從生到死from the cradle to the grave獨(dú)一無二的事物前和專有名詞中要用定冠詞太陽從東方升起。The sun rises in the east.長城The Great Wall在白天In the daydrill1 生活的浮沉使他變得頹廢。2 這首歌很好聽。3 我總感到對婦女有欠公平。4 他又厚著臉皮要錢了嗎？5 她做了富有詩意的動作。6 跟同班同學(xué)不和睦是很煩人的。+thekey1 The ups and downs of h