2018高考英語(yǔ)閱讀理解真題大全(附詳解)

1、2018高考英語(yǔ)閱讀理解真題大全（附詳解）1.SummerActivitiesStudentsshouldreadthelistwiththeirparents/careers,andselecttwoactivitiestheywouldliketodo.Formswillbeavailableinschoolandonlineforthemtoindicatetheirchoicesandreturntoschool.Beforechoicesarefinalised,parents/careerswillbeaskedtosigntoconfirmtheirchildschoices.A

2、ctivityDescriptionMemberofstaffCostOutdoorAdventure(OUT)Takeyourselfoutofyourcomfortzoneforaweek,discovernewpersonalqualities,andlearnnewskills.YouwillbeabletotakepartinanumberofactivitiesfromcanoeingtowildcampingonDartmoor.Learnrockclimbingandworkasateam,andenjoythegreatoutdoorenvironment.Mr.Clemen

3、s140WWIBattlefieldsandParis(WBP)OnMondaywetraveltoLondon.AfterstayingovernightinLondon,wetravelonDay2tonorthernFrancetovisittheWorldWarIbattlefields.OnDay3wecrossintoBelgium.ThursdayseesusmaketheshortjourneytoPariswherewewillvisitDisneylandParispark,stayinguntillatetoseetheparadeandthefireworks.Ourf

4、inalday,Friday,seesusvisitcentralParisandtourthemainsights.Mrs.Milson425CraftyFoxes(CRF)Fourdaysofproductdesigncentredaroundtextiles.Makinglovelyobjectsusingrecycledandmadematerials.Bags,cushionsanddecorations.Learnskillsandleavewithmodernandunusualtextiles.Mrs.Goode30PottyaboutPotter(POT)VisitWarne

5、rBrosStudio,shopstoptobuypicnic,stayovernightinanapprovedYouthHostelinStreatley-on-Thames,guidedtourofOxfordMissDrake150toseethefilmlocations,picniclunchoutsideOxfordsChristchurch,boatingontheRiverCherwellthroughtheUniversityParks,beforeheadingbacktoExeter.（1）Whichactivitywillyouchooseifyouwanttogoc

6、amping?OUT.WBP.CRF.POT.（2）WhatwillthestudentsdoonTuesdaywithMrs.Wilson?TraveltoLondon.Seeaparadeandfireworks.TourcentralParis.VisittheWWIbattlefields.（3）HowlongdoesPottyaboutPotterlast?Twodays.Fourdays.Fivedays.Oneweek.2.ManyofusloveJulybecauseitsthemonthwhennaturesberriesandstonefruitsareinabundanc

7、e.ThesecolourfulandsweetjewelsformBritishColumbiasfieldsarelittlepowerhousesofnutritionalprotection.Ofthecommonberries,strawberriesarehighestinvitaminC,although,becauseoftheirseeds,raspberriescontainalittlemoreprotein（蛋白質(zhì)）,ironandzinc（notthatfruitshavemuchprotein）.Blueberriesareparticularlyhighinant

8、ioxidants（抗氧化物質(zhì)）.TheyellowandorangestonefruitssuchaspeachesarehighinthecarotenoidsweturnintovitaminAandwhichareantioxidants.Asforcherries（櫻桃）,theyaresodeliciouswhocares?However,theyarerichinvitaminC.Whencombinedwithberriesofslicesofotherfruits,frozenbananasmakeanexcellentbaseforthick,coolingfruitsha

9、kesandlowfat“icecream”.Forthispurpose,selectripebananasforfreezingastheyaremuchsweeter.Removetheskinandplacetheminplasticbagsorcontainersandfreeze.Ifyoulike,asqueezeoffreshlemonjuiceonthebananaswillpreventthemturningbrown.Frozenbananaswilllastseveralweeks,dependingontheirripenessandthetemperatureoft

10、hefreezer.Ifyouhaveajuicer,youcansimplyfeedinfrozenbananasandsomeberriesorslicedfruit.Outcomesa“soft-serve”creamydessert,tobeeatenrightaway.Thismakesafunactivityforachildrensparty;theylovefeedingthefruitandfrozenbananasintothetopofthemachineandwatchingtheicecreamcomeoutbelow.（1）Whatdoestheauthorseem

11、tolikeaboutcherries?Theycontainprotein.TheyarehighinvitaminA.Theyhaveapleasanttaste.Theyarerichinantioxidants.（2）Whyisfreshlemonjuiceusedinfreezingbananas?Tomakethemsmellbetter.Tokeeptheircolour.Tospeeduptheirripening.Toimprovetheirnutrition.（3）Whatis“ajuicer”inthelastparagraph?Adessert.Adrink.Acont

12、ainer.Amachine.（4）Fromwhichisthetextprobablytaken?Abiologytextbook.Ahealthmagazine.Aresearchpaper.Atravelbrochure.Teensandyoungerchildrenarereadingalotlessforfun,accordingtoaCommonSenseMediareportpublishedMonday.Whilethedeclineoverthepastdecadeissteepforteenreaders,somedatainthereportshowsthatreadin

13、gremainsabigpartofmanychildrenslives,andindicateshowparentsmighthelpencouragemorereading.Accordingtothereportskeyfindings,“theproportion（比例）whosaytheyhardlyeverreadforfunhasgonefrom8percentof13-year-oldsand9percentof17-year-oldsin1984to22percentand27percentrespectivelytoday.”Thereportdatashowsthatpl

14、easurereadinglevelsforyoungerchildren,ages28,remainlargelythesame.Buttheamountoftimespentinreadingeachsessionhasdeclined,fromclosertoanhourormoretoclosertoahalfhourpersession.Whenitcomestotechnologyandreading,thereportdoeslittletocounsel（建議）parentslookingfordataabouttheeffectofe-readersandtabletsonr

15、eading.Itdoespointoutthatmanyparentsstilllimitelectronicreading,mainlyduetoconcernsaboutincreasedscreentime.Themosthopefuldatasharedinthereportshowsclearevidenceofparentsservingasexamplesandimportantguidesfortheirkidswhenitcomestoreading.Datashowsthatkidsandteenswhodoreadfrequently,comparedtoinfrequ

16、entreaders,havemorebooksinthehome,morebookspurchasedforthem,parentswhoreadmoreoften,andparentswhosetasidetimeforthemtoread.Astheendofschoolapproaches,andschoolvacationreadinglistsloom（逼近）ahead,parentsmighttakethischancetostepinandmaketheirownsummerreadinglistandplanafamilytriptothelibraryorbookstore

17、.（1）WhatistheCommonSenseMediareportprobablyabout?Childrensreadinghabits.Qualityofchildrensbooks.Childrensafter-classactivities.Parent-childrelationships.（2）Wherecanyoufindthedatathatbestsupportschildrenarereadingalotlessforfun?Inparagraph2.Inparagraph3.Inparagraph4.Inparagraph5.（3）Whydomanyparentsli

18、mitelectronicreading?E-booksareofpoorquality.Itcouldbeawasteoftime.Itmayharmchildrenshealth.D.E-readersareexpensive.（4）Howshouldparentsencouragetheirchildrentoreadmore?Actasrolemodelsforthem.Askthentowritebookreports.Setupreadinggroupsforthem.Talkwiththeirreadingclassteachers.Weveallbeenthere:inalif

19、t,inlineatthebankoronanairplane,surroundedbypeoplewhoare,likeus,deeplyfocusedontheirsmartphonesor,worse,strugglingwiththeuncomfortablesilence.Whatstheproblem?Itspossiblethatweallhavecompromisedconversationalintelligence.Itsmorelikelythatnoneofusstartaconversationbecauseitsawkwardandchallenging,orwet

20、hinkitsannoyingandunnecessary.Butthenexttimeyoufindyourselfamongstrangers,considerthatsmalltalkisworththetrouble.Expertssayitsaninvaluablesocialpracticethatresultsinbigbenefits.Dismissingsmalltalkasunimportantiseasy,butwecantforgetthatdeeprelationshipswouldntevenexistifitwerentforcasualconversation.

21、Smalltalkisthegrease（潤(rùn)滑劑）forsocialcommunication,saysBernardoCarducci,directoroftheShynessResearchInstituteatIndianaUniversitySoutheast.Almosteverygreatlovestoryandeachbigbusinessdealbeginswithsmalltalk,heexplains.Thekeytosuccessfulsmalltalkislearninghowtoconnectwithothers,notjustcommunicatewiththem.

22、Ina2014study,ElizabethDunn,associateprofessorofpsychologyatUBC,invitedpeopleontheirwayintoacoffeeshop.Onegroupwasaskedtoseekoutaninteraction（互動(dòng)）withitswaiter;theother,tospeakonlywhennecessary.Theresultsshowedthatthosewhochattedwiththeirserverreportedsignificantlyhigherpositivefeelingsandabettercoffe

23、eshopexperience.Itsnotthattalkingtothewaiterisbetterthantalkingtoyourhusband,saysDunn.Butinteractionswithperipheral（邊緣的）membersofoursocialnetworkmatterforourwell-beingalso.Dunnbelievesthatpeoplewhoreachouttostrangersfeelasignificantlygreatersenseofbelonging,abondwithothers.Carduccibelievesdeveloping

24、suchasenseofbelongingstartswithsmalltalk.Smalltalkisthebasisofgoodmanners,hesays.（1）Whatphenomenonisdescribedinthefirstparagraph?Addictiontosmartphones.Inappropriatebehavioursinpublicplaces.Absenceofcommunicationbetweenstrangers.Impatiencewithslowservice.Whatisimportantforsuccessfulsmalltalkaccordin

25、gtoCarducci?Showinggoodmanners.Relatingtootherpeople.Focusingonatopic.Makingbusinessdeals.Whatdoesthecoffee-shopstudysuggestaboutsmalltalk?Itimprovesfamilyrelationships.Itraisespeoplesconfidence.Itmattersasmuchasaformaltalk.Itmakespeoplefeelgood.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?ConversationCountsWaysofM

26、akingSmallTalkBenefitsofSmallTalkUncomfortableSilence根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Ifyouarealreadymakingthetimetoexercise,itisgoodindeed!Withsuchbusylives,itcanbehardtotryandfindthetimetoworkout.(1)Workingoutinthemorningprovidesadditionalbenefitsbeyondbeingphysicallyfit.Yourproductivityis

27、improved.Exercisingmakesyoumoreawakeandreadytohandlewhateverisaheadofyoufortheday.(2)Yourmetabolism(新陳代謝)getsaheadstart.(3)Ifyouworkoutinthemornings,thenyouwillbegettingthecalorie(卡路里)burningbenefitsforthewholeday,notinyoursleep.Studiesfoundthatpeoplewhowokeupearlyforexercisesleptbetterthanthosewhoe

28、xercisedintheevening.Exerciseenergizesyou,soitismoredifficulttorelaxandhaveapeacefulsleepwhenyouareveryexcited.Ifyouworkoutbrightandearlyinthemorning,youwillbemorelikelytosticktohealthyfoodchoicesthroughouttheday.Whowouldwanttoruintheirgoodworkoutbyeatingjunkfood?Youwillwanttocontinuetofocusonpositi

29、vechoices.Therearealotofbenefitstoworkingout,especiallyinthemornings.Setyouralarmclockanhourearlyandpushyourselftoworkout!Youwillfeelenergizedalldaylong.Youwillsticktoyourdiet.Yourqualityofsleepimproves.Youpreferhealthyfoodtofastfood.Thereisnoreasonyoushouldexerciseinthemorning.Youcankeepyourheadcle

30、arfor4-10hoursafterexercise.Afteryouexercise,youcontinuetoburncaloriesthroughouttheday.Ifyouareplanningtodoexerciseregularly,oryouredoingitnow,thenlistenup!根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Beforetherewasthewrittenword,therewasthelanguageofdance.Danceexpressesloveandhate,joyandsorrow,lifeandd

31、eath,andeverythingelseinbetween.WedancefromFloridatoAlaska,fromnorthtosouthandseatosea.Wedanceatweddings,birthdays,officepartiesandjusttofillthetime.“Iadoredancing,”saysLesterBridges,theownerofadancestudioinIowa.“Icantimaginedoinganythingelsewithmylife.Bridgesrunsdanceclassesforallages.Teachingdance

32、iswonderful.(2)Itsgreattowatchthem.Formanyofthem,itsawayofmeetingpeopleandhavingasociallife.(3)Icantellyouaboutoneyoungcouple,saysBridges.“Theyrelearningtodotraditionaldances.Theyarriveattheclassinlowspiritsandtheyleavewithasmile.(4)”So,dowedanceinordertomakeourselvesfeelbetter,calmer,healthier?Andr

33、eaHilliersays,“Dance,likethepatternofabeatingheart,islife.Evenafteralltheseyears,Iwanttogetbetterandbetter.(5)Ifindithardtostop!DancingremindsmeImalive.Sowhydowedance?DanceintheU.S.iseverywhere.Ifyoulikedancingoutdoors,cometoAmerica.Myolderstudentssayitmakesthemfeelyoung.IkeeppracticingevenWhenImext

34、remelytired.Dancingseemstochangetheirfeelingcompletely.Theystayedupallnightlongsinginganddancing.7.FirePreventionInformationTheUniversityofAdelaideemploysafull-timestaffoffirepreventionprofessionals.Theyinspectallcampusbuildingsandtestandmaintainallsprinkler(噴水滅火裝置)systemsfirealarmsandfireextinguish

35、ers(滅火器).Theyalsoprovideeducationalprogramsorfiresafetyintheresidencehall.Wheneveryoumovetoanewarea,youshouldlocatethefirealarmpullstationsandthetwoexitsnearestyourroom.FireAlarmsThefloorsofallcampusbuildingsareequippedwithmanual(手動(dòng)的)firealarmsystemswhichincludefirealarmpullstationsandpipes.Mostarea

36、lsoequippedwithautomaticfirealarmsystemsconsistingofheatdetectors,smokedetectorsandsprinklers.Foryoursafety,nevertamperwith(胡舌L擺弄)thesesystems.Falsefirealarmsareillegalandmayleadtoimprisonment.FireDrillsAfiredrillwillbeconductedinyourresidencehalleverysemester.Duringafiredrill,pleasedothefollowing:T

37、akeyourroomkeyandID,closeandlockthedoortoyourroom.Exitimmediatelyfromthenearestemergencyexitdonotusealift.Meetoutsideofyourresidencehallandwaitforfurtherinstructions.FireExtinguishersFireextinguishersarelocatedoneachfloorandineachapartment.Useafireextinguisheronlyifyouhavebeentrainedtodoso.Irrespons

38、ibleuseofafireextinguishercancreateadangeroussituationforotherresidentsandcouldresultindamagetopersonalproperty.Misuseofafireextinguisherwillresultinfines.SmokeDetectorAsmokedetectorisontheceilinginyourroom.Somebuildingsalsohaveheatdetectorsontheceilings.Dothefollowingtoensurethesafeoperationofyours

39、mokedetector:Ifyoursmokedetectorisworkingproperly,theredlightshouldbeon.Iftheredlightisnotblinking(閃動(dòng))，contactresidencehallstaffimmediately.Donotcoverorblockyoursmokedetectorinanyway.Ifasmokedetectorsetsoffanalarmandthereisnofireorsmoke,informyourhallstaff.(1)Whatisthemaindutyofthefirepreventionprof

40、essionals?Toprovidepart-timejobsforstudents.Toleadthestudentstothenearestexits.Tocheckandmaintainfirepreventionequipment.Totrainteacherstobefirepreventionprofessionals.(2)Whatdotheautomaticfirealarmsystemsinclude?Pipesandsmokedetectors.Smokedetectorsandsprinklers.Firealarmpullstationsandpipes.Sprink

41、lersandfirealarmpullstations(3)Inafiredrill,thestudentsshould.rushquicklytoaliftgatheratthenearestexit.shutthedoorandleaveatoncewaitforinstructionsinthehall(4)Whatdoweknowabouttheuseoffireextinguishers?Usingthemwronglyresultsinpunishment.Irresponsibleuseofthemcandamagethem.Improperuseofthemcandestro

42、ytheapartment.Usingthemwithoutatrainerpresentisforbidden.(5)Toensurethesafeoperationofthesmokedetector,oneshould.contactthehallstaffregularlycoverthethingsthatburneasilystartthesmokedetectorinafiremakecertaintheredlightisworking8.WhenIwas17,IreadamagazinearticleaboutamuseumcalledtheMcNay,oncethehome

43、ofawatercoloristnamedMarianMcNay.Shehadrequestedthecommunitytoturnitintoamuseumuponherdeath.OnasunnySaturday,SallyandIdroveovertothemuseum.Sheasked,Doyouhavetheaddress?No,butIllrecognizeit,therewasapictureinthemagazine.Oh,stop.Thereitis!”Themuseumwasfree.Weentered,excited.Agroupofpeoplesittingintheh

44、allstoppedtalkingandstaredatus.MayIhelpyou?amanasked.No,Isaid.Werefine.”Tourguidesgotonmynerves.Whatiftheytalkedalongtimeaboutapaintingyouwerentthatinterestedin?Sallyhadgoneupstairs.Thepeopleinthehallseemedverynosy(愛(ài)窺探的),keepingtheireyesonmewithcuriosity.Whatwastheirproblem?Isawsomenicesculpturesino

45、neroom.SuddenlyIsensedamanstandingbehindme.Wheredoyouthinkyouare?heasked.Iturnedsharply.TheMcNayArtMuseum!Hesmiled,shakinghishead.Sorry,theMcNayisonNewBraunfelsStreet.Whatsthisplace?”Iasked,stillconfused.Well,itsourhome.Myheartjolted（震顫）.Iracedtothestaircaseandcalledout,Sally!Comedownimmediately!The

46、ressomereallygoodstuff（藝術(shù)作品）upthere.Shesteppeddown,lookingconfused.Ipushedhertowardthefrontdoor,wavingatthefamily,saying,Sorry,pleaseforgiveus,youhaveareallyniceplace.Outside,whenItoldSallywhathappened,shecoveredhermouth,laughing.Shecouldntbelievehowlongtheyletuslookaroundwithoutsayinganything.There

47、alMcNaywassplendid,butwefeltnervousthewholetimewewerethere.VanGogh,Picasso.Thistime,westayedtogether,incaseanythingelseunusualhappened.Thirtyyearslater,awomanapproachedmeinapublicplace.Excuseme,didyoueverenteraresidence,longago,thinkingitwastheMcNayMuseum?Yes.Buthowdoyouknow?Wenevertoldanyone.Thatwa

48、smyhome.Iwasateenagersittinginthehall.Beforeyoucameover,IneverrealizedwhatabeautifulplaceIlivedin.Ineverfeltluckybefore.Youthoughtitwasamuseum.Myfeelingsaboutmyhomechangedafterthat.Ivealwayswantedtothankyou.（1）WhatdoweknowaboutMarianMcNay?Shewasapainter.Shewasacommunityleader.Shewasamuseumdirector.S

49、hewasajournalist.（2）Whydidtheauthorrefusethehelpfromthemaninthehouse?Shedislikedpeoplewhowerenosy.Shefeltnervouswhentalkingtostrangers.Sheknewmoreaboutartthantheman.Shemistookhimforatourguide.（3）Howdidtheauthorfeelaboutbeingstaredatbythepeopleinthehall?Puzzled.Concerned.Frightened.Delighted.（4）Whydi

50、dtheauthordescribetherealMcNaymuseuminjustafewwords?Therealmuseumlackedenoughartworktointeresther.Shewastooupsettospendmuchtimeattherealmuseum.TheMcNaywasdisappointingcomparedwiththehouse.Theeventhappeninginthehousewasmoresignificant.（5）Whatcouldwelearnfromthelastparagraph?Peopleshouldhavegoodtastet

51、oenjoylife.Peopleshouldspendmoretimewiththeirfamily.Peopletendtobeblindtothebeautyaroundthem.Peopletendtoeducateteenagersatamuseum.9.Theresanewfrontierin3Dprintingthatsbeginningtocomeintofocus:food.Recentdevelopmenthasmadepossiblemachinesthatprint,cook,andservefoodsonamassscale.Andtheindustryisntsto

52、ppingthere.FoodproductionWitha3Dprinter,acookcanprintcomplicatedchocolatesculpturesandbeautifulpiecesfordecorationonaweddingcake.Noteverybodycandothatittakesyearsofexperience,butaprintermakesiteasy.ArestaurantinSpainusesaFoodinito“re-createformsandpieces”offoodthatare“exactlythesame,”freeingcookstoc

53、ompleteothertasks.Inanotherrestaurant,allofthedishesanddessertsitservesare3D-printed,ratherthanfarmtotable.Sustainability（可持續(xù)性）Theglobalpopulationisexpectedtogrowto9.6billionby2050,andsomeanalystsestimatethatfoodproductionwillneedtoberaisedby50percenttomaintaincurrentlevels.Sustainabilityisbecominga

54、necessity.3Dfoodprintingcouldprobablycontributetothesolution.SomeexpertsbelieveprinterscouldusehydrocolloidSK解膠體）fromplentifulrenewableslikealgae（藻類）andgrasstoreplacethefamiliaringredients（烹飪?cè)希?3Dprintingcanreducefueluseandemissions.Grocerystoresofthefuturemightstockfoodthatlastsyearsonend,freeingu

55、pshelfspaceandreducingtransportationandstoragerequirements.NutritionFuture3Dfoodprinterscouldmakeprocessedfoodhealthier.HodLipson,aprofessoratColumbiaUniversity,said,“Foodprintingcouldallowconsumerstoprintfoodwithcustomizednutritionalcontent,likevitamins.Soinsteadofeatingapieceofyesterdaysbreadfromt

56、hesupermarket,youdeatsomethingbakedjustforyouondemand.”ChallengesDespiterecentadvancementsin3Dfoodprinting,theindustryhasmanychallengestoovercome.Currently,mostingredientsmustbechangedtoapaste（糊狀物）beforeaprintercanusethem,andtheprintingprocessisquitetime-consuming,becauseingredientsinteractwitheacho

57、therinverycomplexways.Ontopofthat,mostofthe3Dfoodprintersnowarerestrictedtodryingredients,becausemeatandmilkproductsmayeasilygobad.Someexpertsareskepticalabout3Dfoodprinters,believingtheyarebettersuitedforfastfoodrestaurantsthanhomesandhigh-endrestaurants.（1）Whatbenefitdoes3Dprintingbringtofoodprodu

58、ction?Ithelpscookstocreatenewdishes.Itsavestimeandeffortincooking.Itimprovesthecookingconditions.Itcontributestorestaurantdecorations.（2）Whatcanwelearnabout3DfoodprintingfromParagraphs3?Itsolvesfoodshortageseasily.Itquickensthetransportationoffood.Itneedsnospaceforthestorageoffood.Itusesrenewablemat

59、erialsassourcesoffood.（3）AccordingtoParagraph4,3D-printedfood.ismoreavailabletoconsumerscanmeetindividualnutritionalneedsismoretastythanfoodinsupermarketscankeepallthenutritioninrawmaterials（4）Whatisthemainfactorthatprevents3Dfoodprintingfromspreadingwidely?Theprintingprocessiscomplicated.3Dfoodprin

60、tersaretooexpensive.Foodmaterialshavetobedry.Someexpertsdoubt3Dfoodprinting.（5）Whatcouldbethebesttitleofthepassage?3DFoodPrinting:DeliciousNewTechnologyANewWaytoImprove3DFoodPrintingTheChallengesfor3DFoodProduction3DFoodPrinting:FromFarmtoTableGiveyourselfatest.Whichwayisthewindblowing?Howmanykindso