中考英語(yǔ)總復(fù)習(xí)-形容詞副詞用法專題精講

1、中考英語(yǔ)總復(fù)習(xí)-形容詞副詞用法專題精講清華大學(xué)英語(yǔ)系測(cè)試：為中學(xué)英語(yǔ)量身定做.官方網(wǎng)站： 清華大學(xué)英語(yǔ)教授50年研究成果中考英語(yǔ)總復(fù)習(xí)-形容詞副詞用法專題精講形容詞-命題趨勢(shì)形容詞是歷年各省市中考必考知識(shí)點(diǎn)。從考查形式看，一般有單項(xiàng)選擇、完形填空、詞語(yǔ)運(yùn)用等。所占分值通常為24分。從命題意圖看，側(cè)重考查考生在具體語(yǔ)言環(huán)境中使用形容詞的能力。-考查重點(diǎn)中考試題對(duì)形容詞的考查涉及形容詞原級(jí)，比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)的各種句型、形容詞作定語(yǔ)的位置、易混淆的形容詞用法辨析等。其中，形容詞比較等級(jí)句型、形容詞修飾不定代詞something，anything，everything，nothing時(shí)的位置，易混淆的形

2、容詞用法辨析等是考查的熱點(diǎn)。一、形容詞的一般用法1.作定語(yǔ)，一般放在所修飾詞的前面。例如，its a cold and windy day.2.作表語(yǔ)，放在系動(dòng)詞的后面。例如，he looks happy today.3.形容詞修飾something，anything，nothing，everything等復(fù)合不定代詞時(shí)，須放在其后。例如，would you like something hot to drink？ 4.表示長(zhǎng)、寬、高、深及年齡的形容詞，應(yīng)放在相應(yīng)的名詞之后。例如，how long is the river？ its about two hundred metres long.

3、5.只能作表語(yǔ)的形容詞：afraid害怕；alone獨(dú)自的；asleep睡著的；awake醒著的；alive活著的；well健康的；ill病的；frightened害怕的例如，the man is ill.(正)the ill man is my uncle.(誤)6.只能作定語(yǔ)的形容詞：little小的；only唯一的；wooden木質(zhì)的；woolen羊毛質(zhì)的；elder年長(zhǎng)的例如，my elder brother is in beijing.(正)my brother is elder. (誤)7.貌似副詞的形容詞：lonely獨(dú)自的；friendly友好的；lively生動(dòng)的；lovel

4、y可愛(ài)的8.復(fù)合形容詞：snow-white雪白的 english-speaking說(shuō)英語(yǔ)的；glass-topped玻璃罩的；full-time全日制的；well-known眾所周知的；kind-hearted善良的；man-made人造的；take-away可以帶走的；ten-year-old十歲的。二、多個(gè)形容詞修飾名詞時(shí)，其順序?yàn)椋合薅ㄔ~(冠詞、指示代詞、形容詞性物主代詞、數(shù)詞)描繪詞(大小，長(zhǎng)短，形狀，新舊，長(zhǎng)幼，顏色)出處材料性質(zhì)類別名詞a small round table一張小圓桌a tall white building一幢高大的白色建筑物a dirty old black

5、shirt一件又臟又舊的黑色襯衣a famous american medical school一個(gè)非常著名的美國(guó)醫(yī)學(xué)院三、形容詞常用句型1.“its +adj.+of+sb.+不定式”表示“某人(做某事)怎么樣”。注意：這一句型中常用描述行為者的性格、品質(zhì)的形容詞，如good(好的)，kind(友善的)，nice(友好的)，polite(有禮貌的)，clever(聰明的)，foolish(愚蠢的)，lazy(懶惰的)，careful(細(xì)心的)，careless(粗心的)，right(正確的)，wrong(錯(cuò)誤的)等。例如，its very kind of you to help me.(=y

6、ou are very kind to help me.)你能幫助我，真好。its very rude of her to say such words.(=she is very rude to say such words.)她說(shuō)這樣的話，真粗魯。its foolish of him to go alone.(=he is foolish to go alone.)他單獨(dú)出去太傻了。2.“its+adj.+for+sb.+不定式”表示“做某事對(duì)某人來(lái)說(shuō)怎么樣”。注意：這一句型中常用的形容詞有important(重要的)，necessary(必要的)，difficult(困難的)，easy(

7、容易的)，hard(艱難的)，dangerous(危險(xiǎn)的)，safe(安全的)，useful(有益的)，pleasant(舒適的)，interesting(有趣的)，impossible(不可能的)等。例如，its not easy for them to learn a foreign language.(=to learn a foreign language is not easy for them.)對(duì)于他們來(lái)說(shuō)學(xué)好一門外語(yǔ)不容易。its very important for students to listen to teachers carefully.(=to listen to

8、 teachers carefully is very important for students.)對(duì)于學(xué)生來(lái)說(shuō)上課認(rèn)真聽(tīng)老師講課是非常重要的。its necessary for us to get to school on time.(=to get to school on time is necessary for us.)對(duì)于我們來(lái)說(shuō)按時(shí)到校是非常必要的。3.表示感情或情緒的形容詞，如glad(高興的)，pleased(高興的)，sad(憂傷的)，thankful(感激的)等常接不定式。例如，glad to see you.見(jiàn)到你非常高興。im very sad to hear t

9、he bad news.聽(tīng)到這個(gè)壞新聞，我非常難過(guò)。4.表示能力和意志的形容詞，如ready(樂(lè)意的，有準(zhǔn)備的)，able(有能力的)，sure(一定)，certain(一定)等常接不定式。例如，lei feng is always ready to help others.雷鋒總是樂(lè)于助人。he is sure to get to school on time.他一定會(huì)按時(shí)到校。副詞-命題趨勢(shì)副詞是歷年各省市中考必考知識(shí)點(diǎn)。從考查形式看，一般有單項(xiàng)選擇、完形填空、詞語(yǔ)運(yùn)用等。所占分值通常為24分。從命題意圖看，側(cè)重考查考生的具體語(yǔ)言環(huán)境中使用副詞的能力。-考查重點(diǎn)中考試題對(duì)副詞的考查涉及常用

10、副詞的用法、副詞等級(jí)的各種句型、易混淆的副詞用法辨析等。其中，頻度副詞always，often，usually，sometimes，never，時(shí)間副詞already，yet，still，just，疑問(wèn)副詞how，why，when，where，程度副詞enough，quite以及too，also，either等的用法區(qū)別，副詞比較等級(jí)句型是考查的熱點(diǎn)。一、副詞的分類副詞按詞匯意義可分為：方式副詞：well，fast，slowly，carefully，quickly程度副詞：very，much，enough，almost，rather，quite地點(diǎn)副詞：here，there，out，somew

11、here，abroad，home，時(shí)間副詞：today，early，soon，now，then，recently，still頻度副詞：always，often，usually，sometimes，seldom，never否定副詞：no，not，neither，nor，疑問(wèn)副詞：where，how，why其他：also，too，only二、副詞的基本用法：副詞是用來(lái)修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、其他副詞以及全句話的詞類，表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、程度、方式等概念。例如，1.we should listen to our teachers carefully.我們應(yīng)該認(rèn)真聽(tīng)老師講課。2.he is very happy

12、 today.他今天非常高興。3.“what happened？”i asked，rather angrily.“發(fā)生什么事情了？”我相當(dāng)生氣地問(wèn)。4. in spring，i can see flowers everywhere.在春天，我到處都能看到花。三、常見(jiàn)副詞用法辨析1.already與yet的區(qū)別already用于肯定句句中，表示“已經(jīng)”;yet用于否定句句末，表示“還”，用于疑問(wèn)句句末，表示“已經(jīng)”例如，he had already left when i called.當(dāng)我給他打電話時(shí)，他已經(jīng)離開了。have you found your ruler yet？你已經(jīng)找到你的尺子

13、了嗎？i havent finished my homework yet.我還沒(méi)有完成作業(yè)。注意：already還可以表示驚奇，驚訝等語(yǔ)氣，常用于疑問(wèn)句句末例如：has your son gone to school already？你的兒子已經(jīng)上學(xué)了嗎？(表示很驚訝)2 very，much和very much.的區(qū)別very用于修飾形容詞或副詞的原級(jí)；much用于修飾形容詞或副詞的比較級(jí)；修飾動(dòng)詞要用very much.例如，john is very honest.約翰非常誠(chéng)實(shí)。this garden is much bigger than that one.這個(gè)花園比那個(gè)大的多。thank

14、 you very much.非常感謝你3.so與such的區(qū)別so修飾形容詞或副詞;such 修飾名詞，例如，my brother runs so fast that i cant follow him.我弟弟跑得那么快以至于我跟不上他。he is such a boy.他是一個(gè)這樣的孩子。so修飾的形容詞后可以有一個(gè)單數(shù)的可數(shù)名詞，其結(jié)構(gòu)是“so+形容詞+a/an+可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)”.such可以修飾可數(shù)名詞單復(fù)數(shù)和不可數(shù)名詞，名詞前可以有形容詞作定語(yǔ)，其結(jié)構(gòu)是“such+a/an+形容詞+可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)”，“such+形容詞+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)/不可數(shù)名詞”，. 例如，he is so clever

15、 a boy.=he is such a clever boy.他是一個(gè)如此聰明的孩子。it is such cold weather.這么冷的天氣。(正)it is so cold weather.(誤)they are such good students. 他們是那么好的學(xué)生。(正)they are so good students. (誤)如果可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)前有many，few或不可數(shù)名詞前有much，little修飾，用so不用such.例如，so many(如此多的)；so few(如此少的)可以加可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)so much(如此多的)；so little(如此少的)可以加不可數(shù)名詞

16、4.also，too，as well與either 的區(qū)別also，as well，too，用于肯定句，also常用于be動(dòng)詞，情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，助動(dòng)詞之后，行為動(dòng)詞之前；as well，too用于句末；either用于否定句中，置于句末。例如，my father is a teacher. my mother is also a teacher.=my father is a teacher. my mother is a teacher as well.=my father is a teacher. my mother is a teacher，too.我爸爸是一名老師，我媽媽也是。i cant

17、 speak french. jenny cant speak french，either.我不會(huì)說(shuō)法語(yǔ)，詹妮也不會(huì)。5.sometime，sometimes，some time與some times的區(qū)別sometime：某一時(shí)間，某一時(shí)刻，可指將來(lái)時(shí)，也可指過(guò)去時(shí)sometimes：有時(shí)，不時(shí)的some time：一段時(shí)間some times：幾次，幾倍. 例如，well have a test sometime next month.下個(gè)月的某一時(shí)間，我們要進(jìn)行一次測(cè)試。sometimes we are busy and sometimes we are not.有時(shí)我們很忙，有時(shí)不忙。

18、he stayed in beijing for some time last year.他去年在北京呆了一段時(shí)間。i have been to beijing some times.我去過(guò)北京好幾次。6.ago與before的區(qū)別ago表示以現(xiàn)在為起點(diǎn)的“以前”，常與一般過(guò)去時(shí)連用，不可以單獨(dú)使用。before指過(guò)去或?qū)?lái)的某時(shí)刻“以前”，也可泛指以前，常和完成時(shí)連用，可以單獨(dú)使用。例如，i saw him ten minutes ago.我十分鐘之前看到的他。he told me that he had seen the film before.他告訴我他以前看過(guò)這場(chǎng)電影。7.now，ju

19、st與just now的區(qū)別now：與一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)連用，意為“現(xiàn)在”just：與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)、過(guò)去完成時(shí)連用，表示“剛”just now：和過(guò)去時(shí)連用，表示“剛才”. 例如，where does he live now？他現(xiàn)在住哪里？we have just seen the film. 我們剛看過(guò)這場(chǎng)電影。he was here just now. 他剛才在這里。、形容詞，副詞的比較級(jí)、最高級(jí)一、規(guī)則變化1.一般在詞尾直接加er或est，例如，tall-taller-tallest，long-longer-longest2.以不發(fā)音的字母e結(jié)尾的單詞在詞尾直接加r或st，

20、例如，nice-nicer-nicest3.以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾的詞，把y變?yōu)閕，再加er或est，例如，heavy-heavier-heaviest4.重讀閉音節(jié)，末尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母，雙寫這個(gè)輔音字母，再加er或est，例如，big-bigger-biggest5.部分雙音節(jié)詞和多音節(jié)詞分別在原級(jí)前加more構(gòu)成比較級(jí)和most構(gòu)成最高級(jí)，例如，slowly-more slowly-most slowly；beautiful-more beautiful-most beautiful二、不規(guī)則變化下列單、雙音節(jié)詞只能加more和most.形容詞，副詞等級(jí)的用法一、原級(jí)的用法1.只能修飾原級(jí)的

21、詞，very，quite，so，too例如，he is too tired to walk on.他太累了以至于不能再繼續(xù)走了。my brother runs so fast that i cant follow him.我弟弟跑得那么快以至于我跟不上他。2.原級(jí)常用的句型結(jié)構(gòu)(1)“甲+be+(倍數(shù))+as+形容詞原級(jí)+as+乙”表示“甲和乙程度相同”或“甲是乙的幾倍”例如，tom is as old as kate.湯姆和凱特年齡一樣大。tom is twice as old as kate.湯姆的年齡是凱特的二倍?！凹?實(shí)意動(dòng)詞+(倍數(shù))+as+副詞原級(jí)+as+乙”表示“甲和乙程度相同”

22、或“甲是乙的幾倍”例如，tom runs as fast as mike.湯姆和邁克跑得一樣快。tom runs twice as fast as mike.湯姆跑得速度是邁克的二倍。(2)“甲+be+not+as/so+形容詞原級(jí)+as+乙”甲不如乙例如，this room is not as/so big as that one. 這個(gè)房間不如那個(gè)大?！凹?助動(dòng)詞+not+動(dòng)詞原形+as/so+副詞原級(jí)+as+乙”甲不如乙例如，he doesnt walk as slowly as you.他走路不像你那樣慢。二、比較級(jí)的用法1.可以修飾比較級(jí)的詞，much，a lot，far，的多a l

23、ittle，a bit，一點(diǎn)兒even甚至，still仍然例如，lesson one is much easier than lesson two.第一課比第二課容易得多。tom looks even younger than before.湯姆甚至比以前更年輕。this train runs much faster than that one.這輛火車比那輛跑地快。she drives still more carefully than her husband.她開車仍然比她丈夫還認(rèn)真。2.比較級(jí)常用的句型結(jié)構(gòu)(1)“甲+be+(倍數(shù))+形容詞比較級(jí)+than+乙”表示“甲比乙”或“甲比乙?guī)?/p>

24、倍”例如，tom is taller than kate.湯姆比凱特高。this room is three times bigger than that one.這個(gè)房間比那個(gè)大三倍。“甲+實(shí)意動(dòng)詞+(倍數(shù))+副詞比較級(jí)+than+乙”表示“甲比乙”或“甲比乙?guī)妆丁崩?，i got up earlier than my mother this morning.我今天早晨起床比我媽媽還早。he runs three times faster than his brother.他跑的速度比他弟弟快三倍。(2)“甲+be+形容詞比較級(jí)+than+any other+單數(shù)名詞(+介詞短語(yǔ))”表示“甲

25、比同一范圍的任何一個(gè)人/物都”，含義是“甲最”。例如，the yangtze river is longer than any other river in china.=the yangtze river is longer than any of the other rivers in china.長(zhǎng)江比中國(guó)的任何一條其他的河都長(zhǎng)。=the yangtze river is longer than the other rivers in china.長(zhǎng)江比中國(guó)的其他所有的河都長(zhǎng)。=the yangtze river is the longest river in china.長(zhǎng)江是中國(guó)最長(zhǎng)

26、的河流。注意：the yangtze riveris longer than any river in japan.長(zhǎng)江比日本的任何一條河都長(zhǎng)?！凹?實(shí)意動(dòng)詞+副詞比較級(jí)+than+anyother+單數(shù)名詞(+介詞短語(yǔ))”表示“甲比同一范圍的任何一個(gè)人/物都”，含義是“甲最”。例如，mike gets to school earlier than any other student in his class.= mike gets to school earlier than any of the other students in his class.邁克比他們班上任何一個(gè)其他的同學(xué)到校都

27、早。= mike gets to school earlier than the other students in his class.邁克比他們班上其他的同學(xué)到校都早。= mike gets to school earliest in his class.邁克在他們班到校最早。注意：mike gets to school earlier than any student in toms class.邁克比湯姆班上任何一個(gè)學(xué)生到校都早。(邁克和湯姆不是同一個(gè)班)(3)“甲+be+the+形容詞比較級(jí)+ofthetwo+”表示“甲是兩者中較的”。例如，look at the two boys.

28、my brother is the taller of the two.看那兩個(gè)男孩，我弟弟是兩個(gè)當(dāng)中較高的那個(gè)。(4)“比較級(jí)+and+比較級(jí)”表示“越來(lái)越”。例如，he is getting taller and taller.他變得越來(lái)越高了。the flowers are more and more beautiful.花兒越來(lái)越漂亮。he does his homework more and more carefully.他做作業(yè)越來(lái)越認(rèn)真了。(5)“the+比較級(jí)，the+比較級(jí)”表示“越，越”。例如，the more careful you are，the fewer mista

29、kes youll make.你越認(rèn)真，犯的錯(cuò)誤越少。(6)“特殊疑問(wèn)詞+be+形容詞比較級(jí)，甲o(hù)r乙？”例如，which is bigger，the earth or the moon？哪一個(gè)大，地球還是月球？“特殊疑問(wèn)詞+實(shí)意動(dòng)詞+副詞比較級(jí)，甲o(hù)r乙？”例如，who draws better，jenny or danny？誰(shuí)畫得比較好，詹妮還是丹尼？3.最高級(jí)常用句型結(jié)構(gòu)(1)“主語(yǔ)+be+the+形容詞最高級(jí)+單數(shù)名詞+in/of短語(yǔ)”表示“是中最的”。例如，tom is the tallest in his class./of all the students.湯姆是他們班上/所有學(xué)

30、生當(dāng)中最高的。this apple is the biggest of the five.這個(gè)蘋果是五個(gè)當(dāng)中最大的?！爸髡Z(yǔ)+實(shí)意動(dòng)詞+(the)+副詞最高級(jí)+單數(shù)名詞+in/of短語(yǔ)”表示“是中最的”。例如，i jump (the) farthest in my class.我是我們班跳得最遠(yuǎn)的。(2)“主語(yǔ)+be+oneofthe+形容詞最高級(jí)+復(fù)數(shù)名詞+in/of短語(yǔ)”表示“是中最之一”。例如，beijing is one of the largest cities in china.北京是中國(guó)最大城市之一。(3)“特殊疑問(wèn)詞+be+the+最高級(jí)+甲，乙，or丙？”用于三者以上的比較。例

31、如，which country is the largest，china，brazil or canada？哪一個(gè)國(guó)家最大，中國(guó)，巴西還是加拿大？“特殊疑問(wèn)詞+be+the+副詞最高級(jí)+甲，乙，or丙？”用于三者以上的比較例如，which season do you like (the) best，spring，summer or autumn？你最喜歡哪一個(gè)季節(jié)，春天，夏天還是秋天？-例題剖析1 i have_to do today.a.anything importantb.something importantc.important nothingd.important somethin

32、g答案b形容詞修飾復(fù)合不定代詞時(shí)應(yīng)放在其后面。故排除c、d，句意是“我今天有重要的事情要做”，表示肯定用something。2 is chemistry more difficult than physics？no，chemistry isnt as_as physics.a.easyb.difficultc.easierd.moredifficult答案b(not)asas中應(yīng)接形容詞原級(jí)，結(jié)合上句“化學(xué)沒(méi)有物理難”，故b是正確的。3.beijing is becoming_and_.a.more beautiful，moreb.beautiful，beautifulc.more，more

33、beautifuld.more beautiful，more beautiful答案c比較級(jí)+and+比較級(jí)，表示“越來(lái)越”，多音節(jié)的形容詞“more and more+形容詞”。4._ children there are in a family，_their life will be.a.the less，the betterb.the fewer，the betterc.fewer，richerd.more，poorer答案bthe+比較級(jí)，the+比較級(jí)，表示“越越”，由句意得知“家里孩子越少，生活會(huì)越好”。children是可數(shù)名詞，應(yīng)用few來(lái)修飾。5.the experiment

34、 was _ easier than we had expected.a.moreb.muchmorec.muchd.moremuch答案c much可修飾比較級(jí)，easier本身已是比較級(jí)，不能再用more.6 oct 15th was one of _ days in 2003.the shenzhou-v was sent up successfully.a.excitingb.more excitingc.the most excitingd.much exciting答案c根據(jù)“one of+最高級(jí)+復(fù)數(shù)名詞”固定句型應(yīng)選c。7.its seven oclock in the aft

35、ernoon，but they are _ having a meeting.aalreadyb.stillc.yetd.ever答案bstill意為“仍舊，仍然”，這句話的意思是：現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)是下午七點(diǎn)，他們?nèi)耘f在開會(huì)。8.remember not to speak _ when we are in the reading room.a.fastb.slowlyc.politelyd.loudly答案d“在閱覽室里不要大聲說(shuō)話”，副詞loudly修飾動(dòng)詞speak.9.“_ has this food store been in business？”“since 2001.”a.how long

36、b.how oftenc.how oldd.how soon答案a“since+過(guò)去時(shí)間點(diǎn)”為“從過(guò)去的某一時(shí)間到現(xiàn)在”，表示一段時(shí)間，故選“how long”.10.what was the weather like yesterday？it was terrible.it rained so _ that people could _ go out.a.hardlyhardb.hardlyhardlyc.hardhardlyd.hardhard答案crain在句中是動(dòng)詞，作謂語(yǔ)，后面用副詞修飾，hard作副詞，是“猛烈地”的意思，hardly是“幾乎不”的意思。-同步練習(xí)1.what a

37、_ cough！you seem_ill.a.terrible，terriblyb.terribly，terriblec.terrible，terribled.terribly，terribly2.i feel even_now.a.badb.well3.she was very happy. she ran_of all the runners.a.fastestb.the quickestc.slowestd.quickly4.keep quiet，please.its_noisy here.a.many toob.too manyc.much tood.too much5.have yo

38、u _ spoken to a foreigner？no，_.a.already，neverb.ever，neverc.yet，alreadyd.ever，ever6.he is taller than_in his class.a.any boyb.anyc.any other boyd.some other boys7.ill go and visit you _ next week.a.sometimeb.sometimesc.some timesd.some time8.the car is running_.it seems to be flying.a.more and faste

39、rb.more and fastc.fast and fastd.faster and faster9.english is as _ as chinese.you should learn it well.a.importantb.more importantc.the most importantd.much more important10.music is not so useful as science.its _ useful than science.a.fewerb.lessc mored.a lot11.weve never heard of_story before.a.s

40、uch a strangeb.such strangec.so a stranged.so strange12.you must wear glasses.they can keep your eyes_.a.softb.safec.safelyd.safety13.pass my glasses to me，jack.i can_read the words in the newspaper.a.hardlyb.reallyc clearlyd.rather14.three years _，he become a driver.a.lateb.laterc.latelyd.more late

41、ly15.he is _ enough to carry the heavy box.a.strongerb.much strongerc.strongd.the strongest16.i bought _ exercise-books with_money.a.a few，a fewb.a few，a littlec.a little，a fewd.a little，a little17.the box is _ heavy for the girl_carry.a.too，tob.to，tooc.so，thatd.no，to18.do you have _ to tell us？a.so

42、mething newb.new somethingc.anything newd.new anything19.do you think the fish tastes_？she cooked it_，ithink.a good，goodb well，goodc well，welld good，well20.she played the piano_than we had thought.a.successfulb.successfullyc.more successfuld.more successfully參考答案1-5：acacb6-10：cadab11-15：ababc16-20：b

43、acdd清華大學(xué)英語(yǔ)系測(cè)試：為中小學(xué)生英語(yǔ)量身定做.官方網(wǎng)站： 清華大學(xué)英語(yǔ)教授50年研究成果八年級(jí)下冊(cè)英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法總結(jié)Unit6 Fun Cycling Topic1 Were going on a spring field trip 一. 重點(diǎn)詞匯 ( 一 ) 詞形轉(zhuǎn)換: 1.discuss(名詞) discussion 2.queen(對(duì)應(yīng)詞) king fortable(名詞) comfort 4.safely (形容詞) safe (名詞) safety ( 二 ) 詞的辨析 1. find out / look for / find 2. cost / pay for / spend

44、on 3. other /else 4. raise /rise 5.each /every 6.exciting / excited (三)重點(diǎn)詞組: 1.go on a visit to 去旅行 2. make the decision 做決定 3.bring back 帶回 4.go on a field trip 去野外旅行 5.decide on (upon) sth 對(duì)某事做出決定 6 see the sunrise 看日出 7. make a reservation 預(yù)訂 8. come up with 想出（主意） 9. look forward to (doing) sth

45、期望 10. pay for 支付；賠償 11. raise money 籌錢 12. book a ticket 訂票 13. make a room for sb 為訂房間 14. have a wonderful time 玩得愉快 15. in the daytime 在白天 16. a two-day visit 為期兩天的旅行 17.find out 查出 18. some places of interest 名勝 19. rooms with bathtub 帶浴室的房間 20a hard (soft) sleeper 硬（軟）臥 21.my pleasure 不客氣 二重點(diǎn)句

46、型及重點(diǎn)語(yǔ)言點(diǎn) 1. I have some exciting news to tell you. 我有一些激動(dòng)人心的消息要告訴你們。 to tell you 是動(dòng)詞不定式短語(yǔ)， 作定語(yǔ)。動(dòng)詞不定式作定語(yǔ)時(shí)常放在被修飾的名詞或代詞之后。如： I have nothing to talk about. He has a lot of work to do. 2. Sounds great!= It sounds great! 聽(tīng)起來(lái)不錯(cuò)。 3. We will go on a two-day visit to Mount Tai. 我們將要去泰山玩兩天。 go on a visit to 去參觀

47、/旅游 They went to a visit to Egypt last year. 類似有：go on a trip / go on a picnic a two-day visit 為期兩天的旅行 a two-month holiday 兩個(gè)月的假期 an eighteen-year-old boy 一個(gè)18歲的男孩 4Its hard to say. 這很難說(shuō)。To say 是動(dòng)詞不定式作主語(yǔ)，It 是形式主語(yǔ)。 如： Its nice to meet you. 5. Ill ask the airline on the phone. 我將打電話問(wèn)問(wèn)航空公司。同義句是： Ill ph

48、one and ask the airline. 6. Bring back your information to class tomorrow and well decide on the best way to go on our field trip. 明天把你們查到的信息帶到班上來(lái)，然后我們來(lái)決定最好的郊游方式。 bring back 帶回。Please bring back your library books tomorrow. decide on/upon sth 決定，選定 Were trying to decide on a school. 7.Its too far fo

49、r cycling. 騎自行車去路太遠(yuǎn)了。同義句是：It too far to cycle there. 8.How long does it take to reach Mount Tai by？乘去泰山要花多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間？ 9How much does it cost to go there ?去那里要花多少錢？ How much does a standard room cost ? 一個(gè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)間的價(jià)格是多少？ 10.We have tickets at 120 yuan for the hard sleeper and 180 yuan for the soft sleeper. 我們的票價(jià)是

50、硬臥120元，軟臥是180元。 at 意為“以”，一般用于表示價(jià)格，年齡，速度等詞的前面，for 意為“供，適合于”。Ive got tickets at 80 yuan for The Sound of Music. 11.Id like to book 20 tickets for the hard sleeper. 我要預(yù)訂20張硬臥票。 20 tickets for the hard sleeper= 20 hard sleeper tickets book tickets 預(yù)訂票 book a room for sb/sth 為預(yù)訂房間 e.g. We want to book so

51、me rooms for 14th. 我們想預(yù)訂一些14號(hào)的房間。 12Please pay for the tickets before 5:30 p.m. 請(qǐng)?jiān)谙挛?：30之前付款。 Pay for 支付 pay for sb to do sth 付錢給某人做某事 e.g. Her parents paid for her to go to America.她的父母支付她去美國(guó)的費(fèi)用. 13. I want to make a hotel reservation. 我想預(yù)訂房間。 make a reservation 預(yù)訂 14. We have rooms with a bathtub

52、我們有帶浴缸的房間。 with 有或帶著 a house with a swimming pool a standard room with two single beds 15.Its very common to raise money in Canadian and American schools. 在加拿大和美國(guó)的學(xué)校里籌錢是很正常的。raise money 籌錢 We can raise the money ourselves. 16.It costs each student one dollar to buy a ticket for the draw.每一個(gè)學(xué)生花一美元便可買

53、到一張抽獎(jiǎng)的票。 (1)each 作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù) Each of the students spends one dollar buying a ticket. （2）用于單數(shù)名詞前，作定語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)。Each student has their own e-mail address. (3)用于復(fù)數(shù)主語(yǔ)后，作主語(yǔ)同位語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)。They each have their own e-mail address. 17. I am looking forward to hearing from you . 我盼望收到你的來(lái)信。 Look forward to 盼望，期待 They are

54、 looking forward to solving the problem. 三.重點(diǎn)語(yǔ)法 動(dòng)詞不定式 （1） 動(dòng)詞不定式常跟這些及物動(dòng)詞之后，want ,refuse, forget, need , try, learn , like, agree, help, hope ,decide, begin等。可用順口溜（要想拒絕忘記，需要努力學(xué)習(xí)，喜歡同意幫助，希望決定開始） （2） 不定式的否定形式是在to的前面直接加not. My mother decided not to buy a computer for me. （3） 不定式可以和疑問(wèn)詞who , which ,when, wh

55、ere ,how, what等連用。 Can you tell me what to say at the meeting ? I dont know how to get to the station. （4） 本topic出現(xiàn)的句子有： I have some exciting news to tell you. I want to make a hotel reservation. It is very common to raise money in Canadian and American schools. The best way to raise money is to sel

56、l newspapers. I think the most exciting way is to sell flowers in the evening. Kangkang helped us to book the train tickets. Topic2 How about exploring the Ming Tombs ? 一、重點(diǎn)詞匯： （一）詞形轉(zhuǎn)換： 1.explore(名詞) explore 2. east (形容詞) eastern 3.north(形容詞) northern 4. push (反義詞) pull 5.sadly(形容詞) sad (名詞) sadness

57、 6. crowd (形容詞) crowded （二）重點(diǎn)詞組: 1.make a plan 擬定計(jì)劃 2. make sure 確信，確保 3. come along with 和一起來(lái) 4. at the foot of 在的腳下 5. be surprised at 對(duì)感到驚奇 6. be satisfied with 對(duì)感到滿意 7. out of sight 看不見(jiàn) 8. step on ones toes 踩著某人的腳 9. cant help doing sth 忍不住做某事 10. spread over 分布于 11.rush out 沖出去 12.raise ones he

58、ad 抬頭 13.ask sb for help 向某人求助 14.thank goodness 謝天謝地 二 重點(diǎn)句型及重點(diǎn)語(yǔ)言點(diǎn) 1. While you were enjoying your trip, I was busy preparing for my exams.當(dāng)你在旅行時(shí)， 我正忙于準(zhǔn)備考試。 (1)be busy doing sth,/ be busy with sth 忙于做某事 Im busy preparing for my birthday party these days. (2)while 當(dāng)時(shí)候，引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。當(dāng)一個(gè)動(dòng)作在正在進(jìn)行時(shí)，另一個(gè)動(dòng)作也同時(shí)進(jìn)行。

59、While my mother was cooking , I was watching TV. 2.Would you help me plan a trip ? 請(qǐng)你幫我定個(gè)旅行計(jì)劃好嗎？ Would you 比will you 語(yǔ)氣更加客氣，委婉, 類似還有could you Could you come along with us ? 3. They surveyed the area to make sure their tombs faced south and had mountains at the back. 他們仔細(xì)勘測(cè)了整個(gè)區(qū)域，確保這些陵墓是坐北朝南，而且在背后有群山環(huán)

60、繞。 make sure 確信，確保 Make sure all the windows are closed before you leave. 4.Its about two and a half hours by bike. 騎自行車大約要2個(gè)半小時(shí)。 Two and a half hours = two hours and a half 5.Its to the east of Yongling. 它在永陵的東面。 to the +方位詞+of (表示互不接壤) Japan is to the east of China. on the +方位詞+of (表示相互接壤)Fujian i