考研英語(yǔ)長(zhǎng)難句解析10年閱讀Text3

1、本文選自 2007 年 2 月 Harvard Business Review-篇名為 The Accidental Influentials 的文章，主要討論了影響社會(huì)流行潮的主要因素：人們普遍認(rèn)為社會(huì)流行潮的出現(xiàn)主要是由少數(shù)有影響力的名人推動(dòng)的，但新研究表明其關(guān)鍵因素卻是大部分的直接受影響者能夠積極有效地參與傳播過(guò)程。全文中在長(zhǎng)難句方面，難度居中。作為 2010年考研英語(yǔ)試卷的第三篇閱讀，句子難度必然會(huì)較前面題型有所提升，尤其是后半部分難度增加，再加上文中的一些難詞，這必然會(huì)給考生造成理解上的障礙，以致最終影響做題得分。下面就其中的典型例句進(jìn)行分析：【典型例句 1 】：In their r

2、ecent work, however, some researchers have come up with the finding that influentials have far less impact on social epidemics than is generally supposed.【例句解析】：本句中主干成分為 some researchers have come up with the finding。that influentials have far less impact on social epidemics than is generally suppos

3、ed是同位語(yǔ)從句， 解釋說(shuō)明 finding;而從 句中又含有一個(gè)than引導(dǎo)的比較狀語(yǔ)從句，采用省略主語(yǔ)的結(jié)構(gòu)。【難點(diǎn)點(diǎn)撥】：influential ：有影響力的人;social epidemic：社會(huì)流行潮【例句釋義】：然而，在近期研究中，一些研究者已經(jīng)發(fā)現(xiàn)：有影響力的人對(duì)于社會(huì)流行潮的影 響要比通常認(rèn)為的小得多?！镜湫屠?2】：Yet it is precisely these noncelebrity influentials who, according to the two-step-flow theory, are supposed to drive social epidem

4、ics, by influencing their friends and colleagues directly.【例句解析】：本句包含一個(gè)強(qiáng)調(diào)句型，即 it is precisely-.who.,用來(lái)強(qiáng)調(diào)主語(yǔ)，句子主干 成分為 these noncelebrity influentials are supposed to drive social epidemics。by influencing their friends and colleagues directly是介詞短語(yǔ)作方式狀語(yǔ)，修飾主干。【難點(diǎn)點(diǎn)撥】：noncelebrity :非知名的;two-step-flow theor

5、y :兩級(jí)傳播理論【例句釋義】：然而，根據(jù)兩級(jí)傳播理論，恰恰是這些非知名但有影響力的人士通過(guò)直接影響他 們的朋友和同事而推動(dòng)了社會(huì)流行潮。【典型例句3】：If people in the network just two degrees removed from the initial influential proveresistant, for example, the cascade of change won t propagate very far or affect many people.【例句解析】：本句主句為the cascade of change won t propag

6、ate very far or affect many people 。If people in the network just two degrees removed from the initial influential prove resistant 是由 if 引導(dǎo)的 條件狀語(yǔ)從句，其中in the network 是介詞短語(yǔ)作后置定語(yǔ)修飾people;just two degrees removed fromthe initial influential 是過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)作后置定語(yǔ)修飾people。【難點(diǎn)點(diǎn)撥】：cascade：瀑布【例句釋義】：例如，如果網(wǎng)絡(luò)中距離最初的有影響力人

7、士?jī)蓚€(gè)層級(jí)的人們有所抵制，那么這變 化的瀑布流就不會(huì)傳播得很遠(yuǎn)亦或影響許多人?！镜湫屠?】 ： Building on the basic truth about interpersonal influence, the researchers studied thedynamics of social influence by conducting thousands of computer simulations of populations, manipulating a number of variables relating to people s ability to influ

8、ence others and their tendency to be influenced.【例句解析】：本句主干為the researchers studied the dynamics of social influence。 Building on thebasic truth about interpersonal influence 是現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)作方式狀語(yǔ)，修飾主干。by conductingthousands of computer simulations of populations, manipulating a number of variables relating

9、to people s ability to influence others and their tendency to be influenced 是介詞短語(yǔ)作方式狀語(yǔ)修飾主干;此外，其中 manipulating a number of variables relating to people s ability to influence others and their tendency to be influenced 又是現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)作伴隨狀語(yǔ)修飾前面的conducting thousands of computersimulations of populations; 此部分中，

10、relating to people s ability to influence others and their tendency tobe influenced 又是作后置定語(yǔ)修飾variables， and 連接并列的ability 和tendency。【難點(diǎn)點(diǎn)撥】： dynamic：動(dòng)力;computer simulation :計(jì)算機(jī)模擬 manipulate：操作;variable：變 量【例句釋義】：基于人際間影響的基本事實(shí)，研究者通過(guò)對(duì)人們進(jìn)行諸多的計(jì)算機(jī)模擬、操控一系列與人們影響他人的能力以及被他人影響的傾向相關(guān)的變量，對(duì)人際間影響進(jìn)行了動(dòng)態(tài)分析。【典型例句5】： They

11、 found that the principal requirement for what is called “ global cascades”the widespread propagation of influence through networks is the presence not of a few influentials but, rather, of a critical mass of easily influenced people.【例句解析】： 本句主干為They found that the principal requirement is the pres

12、ence ， 包含一個(gè)that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句。for what is called “ global cascades” the widespread propagation of influence throughnetworks 是介詞短語(yǔ)作后置定語(yǔ)修飾the principal requirement ， 其中 what is called “ global cascades” 是賓語(yǔ)從句, 位于介詞 for 之后；the widespread propagation of influence through networks 是同位語(yǔ),解釋說(shuō)明 global cascades。 not of a few influentials but, rather, of a critical mass of easily influencedpeople是由but連接的兩個(gè)并列的介詞短語(yǔ)，都作后置定語(yǔ)修飾presence【難點(diǎn)點(diǎn)撥】： global cascades 全局瀑布流 propagation : 傳播【例句