翻譯中語篇意識(shí)的培養(yǎng)成語的英譯課件

1、翻譯中語篇意識(shí)的培養(yǎng)參見Textbook 第14章 成語的英譯張干周第1頁，共64頁。1學(xué)生課堂演示W(wǎng)arm-up Exercises翻譯中語篇意識(shí)的培養(yǎng)課堂作業(yè)課后作業(yè)CONTENTS第2頁，共64頁。2Students Presentation學(xué)生課后作業(yè)展示第3頁，共64頁。3 Students Presentation (3-6 students, Two for each paraof previous homework)第4頁，共64頁。4After PresentationAnalysis of Homework第5頁，共64頁。5 南京，她有層出不窮的風(fēng)流人物和彪炳千秋的不朽業(yè)

2、績。大都會(huì)特有的凝聚力，吸引了無數(shù)風(fēng)云人物、仁人志士在這里角逐爭(zhēng)雄，一逞豪彥。 Nanjing has witnessed the continuous emergence of many distinguished talents and noble hearts as well as monumental achievements that shone through the ages. Attracted by special appeal, a great number of powerful figures and people actuated by high ideals hav

3、e stayed in or frequented this metropolis都會(huì) to contend for the lead or to give play to their genius and virtues. 第6頁，共64頁。6 從孫權(quán)、謝安到洪秀全、孫中山，從祖沖之、葛洪到李時(shí)珍、鄭和，從劉勰、蕭統(tǒng)到曹雪芹、吳敬梓，從王羲之、顧愷之到徐悲鴻、傅抱石，還有陶行知、楊廷寶等等，中國歷史上一批杰出的政治家、軍事家、科學(xué)家、文學(xué)家、藝術(shù)家、教育家、建筑家等薈于此，在這塊鐘靈毓(yu)秀的土地上一圓他們的輝煌之夢(mèng)。 Military commanders such as Sun Qu

4、an and Xie An; political leaders such as Hong Xiuquan and Dr. Sun Yat-sen; scientists like Zu Chongzhi, Ge Hong, Li Shizhen and Zheng He; men of letters such as Liu Xie, Xiao Tong, Cao Xueqin and Wu Jingzi; artists like Wang Xizhi, Gu Kaizhi, Xu Beihong and Fu Baosi; educators such as Tao Xingzhi; a

5、nd architects like Yang Tingbao - all these renowned historical figures used to settle on this blessed land to have their splendid dreams fulfilled. 第7頁，共64頁。7 The towering Purple Mountains and the billowing Yangtze River nurtured them and provided them with arenas競(jìng)技場(chǎng)，舞臺(tái) in which to realize their as

6、pirations. By virtue of their genius, vision, and sagacity睿智, 聰敏, these best and brightest sons and daughters of the nation made spectacular contributions to resplendent 輝煌的 Chinese civilization.他們是中華民族的優(yōu)秀兒女。巍巍鐘山、滾滾長江養(yǎng)育了他們，為他們提供了施展抱負(fù)的舞臺(tái)，他們也以自己的雄才大略、聰明智慧為中華民族的燦爛文明增添了流光溢彩的新篇章。第8頁，共64頁。8Have a TryWarm-

7、up Exercises第9頁，共64頁。9漂亮只能為別人提供眼福,卻不一定換到幸福。只要思想不滑坡，方法總比困難多！如果真誠是一種傷害,請(qǐng)選擇謊言;如果謊言是一種傷害，請(qǐng)選擇沉默；如果沉默是一種傷害，請(qǐng)選擇離開。眼前有了繁花，并不等于你手中有了鮮蜜。就算不快樂也不要皺眉，因?yàn)槟阌肋h(yuǎn)不知道誰會(huì)愛上你的笑容。第10頁，共64頁。10Ones good looks can only feast the others eyes, but may not be certain to earn fortune by it. So long as you keep your mind alive, you

8、 would have more ways than difficulties. If empressement makes hurt, make a choice of lie; if lie hurts still, silence may help to heal; if silence hurts again, parting may tell how to gain. The flourishing in your eyes does not mean the golden eggs in your hands. Even you are unhappy, dont frown an

9、yway, for you would never be aware that somebody around may be fond of your smiling way. 第11頁，共64頁。11翻譯中語篇意識(shí)的培養(yǎng)Translation of Passages第12頁，共64頁。12CONTENTS 段落主題意義翻譯再現(xiàn) 段內(nèi)銜接翻譯 篇章的語域與翻譯第13頁，共64頁。13 段落主題意義的翻譯再現(xiàn) Trans of Main Idea Within Para.第14頁，共64頁。14 漢語段落翻譯成英語時(shí)(英譯漢也一樣），除了要考慮每一句翻譯得正確、純正以外，還必須要考慮句子以外的段

10、落主題性意義，句子之間的銜接，以及各句所描述的概念或命題的連貫性，否則，譯文就會(huì)貌合神離，無法傳遞原文段落的全部意義。第15頁，共64頁。15【例1】我睜大了眼，緊裹在沉思中。許多面孔，錯(cuò)落地在我眼前跳舞；許多人聲，嘈雜地在我耳邊爭(zhēng)訟。驀地一切都寂滅了，依然是那答、答、答的小聲從窗邊傳來，像有人在叩門。 （茅盾叩門）【譯文】 Eyes wide open, I became immersed in thought. A multitude of faces danced randomly before my eyes, in my ears, a cacophony 刺耳的音調(diào) of voic

11、es fought to be heard. , suddenly, everything vanished, there was that little tap, tap, tapping again, coming from over by the window, as if someone was knocking at the door. 第16頁，共64頁。16【例1】我睜大了眼，緊裹在沉思中。許多面孔，錯(cuò)落地在我眼前跳舞；許多人聲，嘈雜地在我耳邊爭(zhēng)訟。驀地一切都寂滅了，依然是那答、答、答的小聲從窗邊傳來，像有人在叩門。 （茅盾叩門）【譯文】 Eyes wide open now,

12、I became immersed in thought. A multitude of faces danced randomly before my eyes, whilst in my ears, a cacophony 刺耳的音調(diào) of voices fought to be heard. Then, suddenly, everything vanished, and there was that little tap, tap, tapping again, coming from over by the window, as if someone was knocking at

13、the door. Rober Neather 譯第17頁，共64頁。17 茅盾先生1929年創(chuàng)作的散文叩門。當(dāng)時(shí)在日本得知國內(nèi)革命失敗的消息，情緒低落。這篇散文抒發(fā)了作者的郁悶心情。 Rober Neather根據(jù)英語的形合特征，不但添加了連接詞“whilst”,準(zhǔn)確地描述諸多往事涌上心頭的情景，實(shí)現(xiàn)原文的表情功能，而且還用了“now”、 “then”等詞語，展示原文中隱含的虛實(shí)時(shí)間關(guān)系，用“and”加強(qiáng)整個(gè)段落前后的連貫性?！続nalysis】第18頁，共64頁。18【例2】有一天，他忽然得了急病，趕快叫家人去請(qǐng)東街的汪醫(yī)生。那家人急急忙忙地跑去，一時(shí)尋不著東街的汪大夫，卻把西街牛醫(yī)王大夫

14、請(qǐng)來了。差不多先生病在床上，知道尋錯(cuò)了人；但病急了，身上痛苦，心里焦急，等不得了，心里想到：“好在王大夫同汪大夫也差不多，讓他試試看吧。”于是這位牛醫(yī)王大夫走近床前，用醫(yī)牛的法子給差不多先生看病。不上一點(diǎn)鐘，差不多先生就一命嗚呼了。 - 胡適差不多先生第19頁，共64頁。19【譯文】有一天，他忽然得了急病，趕快叫家人去請(qǐng)東街的汪醫(yī)生。那家人急急忙忙地跑去，一時(shí)尋不著東街的汪大夫，卻把西街牛醫(yī)王大夫請(qǐng)來了。差不多先生病在床上，知道尋錯(cuò)了人 One day he suddenly fell ill and immediately told one of his family to fetch Dr

15、. Wang of East Street. The latter went in a hurry, but couldnt find the physician on East Street. Mr. Cha Buduo, lying on his sickbed, knew that a wrong person had been brought home. (To be continued)第20頁，共64頁。20【例2】但病急了，身上痛苦，心里焦急，等不得了，心里想到：“好在王大夫同汪大夫也差不多，讓他試試看吧?！庇谑沁@位牛醫(yī)王大夫走近床前，用醫(yī)牛的法子給差不多先生看病。不上一點(diǎn)鐘，差

16、不多先生就一命嗚呼了。But, with pain and worry, he could not afford to wait any longer. So he said to himself, “Luckily,Vet Wang is about the same as Dr. Wang. Why not let Vet Wang have a try?” Thereupon, the veterinarian walked up to his bed to work on him as if he were a cow. Consequently, Mr. Cha Buduo kick

17、ed the bucket before an hour was out.To continue 第21頁，共64頁。21 此段文字流暢，詼諧幽默，通過看病這一人命關(guān)天的實(shí)例，塑造一個(gè)凡是馬虎茍且的人物形象。 譯文完全遵循原文的時(shí)間順序排列信息，并相應(yīng)譯出必要的銜接詞語，如“so, but, thereupon”等，展現(xiàn)了事件發(fā)展的脈略，把原文的信息功能充分地再現(xiàn)出來。 但譯文中的“王”、“汪”、“差不多”似乎沒有很好地翻譯再現(xiàn)。所以，我個(gè)人認(rèn)為不妨將“王”譯為“Wang”、將“汪”譯為“Wong”,因?yàn)橹袊艘虻赜虿町?，四聲混淆，外國人更是發(fā)不準(zhǔn)中文的四聲；同時(shí)，也可以把“差不多”譯為“Al

18、most”. 又如： 英國小說： “The Life and Death of Mr.Badman” 翻譯成：“敗德先生傳”【Analysis】第22頁，共64頁。22【例3】盡管嘴上說友誼，對(duì)運(yùn)動(dòng)員來說重要的仍是比賽成績。得第一名獲金牌，第四名什么也拿不到。任何想獲奧運(yùn)冠軍的人都得中斷學(xué)業(yè)，犧牲自己業(yè)余時(shí)間。這一點(diǎn)常常是觀眾沒看到的。因此，運(yùn)動(dòng)員要求得到物質(zhì)獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)是可以理解的。 (選自蔡基剛，2001)第23頁，共64頁。23 Despite lip service paid to friendship, what matters to athletes is success. Whoever

19、 comes first wins a gold medal but anyone who comes fourth gets nothing. What the spectators 觀眾sometimes fail to notice is that anyone who wants to become an Olympic champion has to break off his studies and has little spare time. It is understandable that athletes want some tangible切實(shí)的 reward.【譯文】第

20、24頁，共64頁。24主題意義理解與翻譯（英譯漢）第25頁，共64頁。25 在未莊再看見阿Q的時(shí)候，是剛過了這年的中秋。人們都驚異，說是阿Q回來了，于是又回上去想到，他先前那里去了呢? 阿Q前幾回的上城，大抵早就興高采烈的對(duì)人說，但這一次卻并不，所以也沒有一個(gè)留心到。Weizhuang did not see Ah Q again till just after the Moon Festival that year. Everybody was surprised to hear of his return, and this made them (是否可刪） think back and

21、wonder where he （or: Ah Q) had been all that time. The few previous occasions on which Ah Q had been to town, he had usually informed people in advance with great gusto 愛好, 嗜好, 趣味, 由衷的高興; but since he had not so this time, no one had noticed his going. 【例4】（下面看完整的阿Q正傳的翻譯）第26頁，共64頁。26 他或者也曾告訴過管土谷祠的老頭

22、子，然而未莊老例，只有趙太爺錢太爺和秀才大爺上城才算一件事。假洋鬼子尚且不足數(shù)，何況是阿Q，因此老頭子也就不替他宣傳，而未莊的社會(huì)上也就無人知道了。 He might have told the old man in charge of the Tutelary守護(hù)神 Gods Temple, but according to the custom of Weizhuang it was only when Mr. Qian, or the successful country candidate went to town that it was considered important. E

23、ven the Imitation Foreign Devils going was not talked about, much less Ah Qs. This would explain why the old man had not spread the news for him, with the result that the villagers had had no means of knowing. 第27頁，共64頁。27但阿Q這回的回來，卻與先前大不同，確乎很值得驚異。天色將黑，他睡眼朦朧的在酒店門前出現(xiàn)了，他走近柜臺(tái)，從腰間伸出手來，滿把是銀的和銅的，在柜上一扔說：“現(xiàn)錢

24、!打酒來!”穿的是新夾襖，看去腰間還掛著一個(gè)大褡褳，沉鈿鈿得將褲帶墜成了很彎很彎的弧線。Ah Qs return this time was very different from before, and in fact quite enough to occasion astonishment. The day was growing dark when he appeared blinking sleepily before the door of the wineshop, walked up to the counter, pulled a handful of silver and

25、coppers from his belt (加否：bag) and tossed them on the counter. “Cash!” he said. “Bring the wine (or:give me the wine)!” he was wearing a new lined jacket, and at his waist evidently hung a large purse(or: money bag), the great weight of which caused his belt to sag in a sharp curve. 第28頁，共64頁。28未莊老例

26、，看見略有些醒目的人物，是與其慢也寧敬的，現(xiàn)在明知道是阿Q但因?yàn)楹推茒A襖的阿Q有些兩樣了，古人云：“士別三日便當(dāng)刮目相待”，所以堂館，掌柜，酒客，路人，便自然顯出一種疑而且敬的形態(tài)來。掌柜既先之以點(diǎn)頭，又繼之以談話：It was the custom in Weizhuang that when there seemed to be something unusual about anyone, he should be treated with respect rather than insolence傲慢, and now, although they knew quite well th

27、is was Ah Q, Still he was very different from the Ah Q of the ragged coat. The ancients say, “A scholar(or: person) who has been away three days must be looked at with new eyes.” So the waiter, innkeeper, customers and passers-by, all quite naturally expressed a kind of suspicion mingled with respec

28、t. The innkeeper started by nodding, then said:第29頁，共64頁。29 “嚄(ho)(Wow)，阿Q你回來了!” “回來了!” “發(fā)財(cái)發(fā)財(cái)，你是在” “上城去了!” “Hullo, Ah Q,so youre back!” “Yes, Im back ,” “Youve made money erwhere?” (or: whwhewhere) “I went to town.”第30頁，共64頁。30這一件新聞，第二天便傳遍了未莊。人們都愿意知道現(xiàn)錢和新夾襖的阿Q的中興史，所以在酒店里，茶館里，廟檐下，便漸漸的探聽出來了。這結(jié)果，是阿Q得了新敬

29、畏。 By the next day this piece of news had spread through Weizhuang. And since everybody wanted to hear the success story of this Ah Q of the ready money and the new lined jacket, in the wineshop, tea-house, and under the temple eaves, the villagers gradually ferreted 追趕out the news. The result was t

30、hat they began to treat Ah Q with a new deference (順從，尊重).第31頁，共64頁。31據(jù)阿Q說，他是在舉人老爺家里幫忙。這一節(jié)，聽的人都肅然了。這老爺本姓白，但因?yàn)楹铣抢镏挥兴粋€(gè)舉人，所以不必再冠姓，說起舉人來就是他。這也不獨(dú)在未莊如此，便是一百里方圓之內(nèi)也都如此，人們幾乎多以為他的姓名就叫舉人老爺了。According to Ah Q, he had been a servant in the house of a successful provincial candidate. This part of the story fille

31、d all who hear it with awe敬畏. This successful provincial candidate was named Bai, but because he was the only successful provincial candidate in the whole town there was no need to use his surname: whenever anyone spoke of the successful provincial candidate, it meant him. And this was so not only i

32、n Weizhuang but everywhere with a radius of thirty miles, as if everybody imagined his name to be Mr. Successful provincial candidate. 第32頁，共64頁。32在這人的府上幫忙，那當(dāng)然是可敬的。但據(jù)阿Q又說，他卻不高興再幫忙了，因?yàn)檫@舉人老爺實(shí)在太“媽媽的”了。這一節(jié)，聽的人都嘆息而且快意，因?yàn)榘本不配在舉人老爺家里幫忙，而不幫忙是可惜的。 魯迅阿Q正傳To have worked in the household of such a man naturall

33、y called for respect; but according to Ah Qs further statements, he was unwilling to go on working there because this successful provincial candidate was really too much of a “turtles egg”. This part of the story made all who heard it sigh, but with a sense of pleasure, because it showed that Ah Q w

34、as naturally not fit to work in such a mans household, yet not to work was a pity. (Translated by Yang Xianyi and Gladys Yang)第33頁，共64頁。33段內(nèi)銜接翻譯Linkup Within Para.第34頁，共64頁。34 英漢寫作無論是在句子或者在段落層面上的一個(gè)重要區(qū)別在于，英語重替代，漢語重重復(fù)。 替代是指使用代詞、同義詞、近義詞以及替代句型等替換前文中出現(xiàn)過的詞語。英語段落里，句子之間的呼應(yīng)常常是靠詞語的替代完成。 重復(fù)是指使用相同的詞語呼應(yīng)前文出現(xiàn)過的詞語。

35、漢語段落里，往往由重復(fù)的詞語來進(jìn)行句子間的呼應(yīng)，構(gòu)成段落的銜接和連貫。1.替代和重復(fù)及翻譯第35頁，共64頁。35【例1】Wrought iron is almost pure iron. It is not frequently found in the school shop because of its high cost. It forges well, () can easily be bent hot or cold, and () can be welded.【譯文】熟鐵幾乎就是純鐵。熟鐵在校辦工廠里不太常見，因?yàn)閮r(jià)格很貴。熟鐵好鍛，很容易熱彎或冷彎，還可以焊接。 第36頁，共6

36、4頁。36 鑒于這種英漢段落寫作上的差異，在英譯漢時(shí)，原文替代的部分要用重復(fù)的手法翻譯；反之，漢譯英時(shí)，原文重復(fù)替代的部分要用替代的手法翻譯。如：【例句】我伸手去接包袱，我一點(diǎn)也不怕，我理直氣壯，我明明知道他故意作難，正想把包袱接過來就走。猜得對(duì)對(duì)的，他并不把包袱真給我?！咀g文】I was aware that he was out to make things difficult for me. Therefore, bold and confident, I reached out my hand for the bundle. But, just as I had been doubly

37、 sure, he simply wouldnt let go of it.第37頁，共64頁。372.省略及翻譯 英漢語言都存在省略現(xiàn)象。漢語是按上下文的意義進(jìn)行省略，包括主語、中心詞、關(guān)聯(lián)詞、謂語動(dòng)詞等；而英語則按照語法形式進(jìn)行省略，可以省略所有格、形容詞、介詞等后面的名詞，助動(dòng)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后的實(shí)意動(dòng)詞、系動(dòng)詞后的表語、主謂一致時(shí)的主語或謂語等。 漢語的省略普遍且不具規(guī)律性。根據(jù)習(xí)慣判斷，許多省略實(shí)際上并非省略，若硬要填補(bǔ)所謂的“省略”，結(jié)果會(huì)更別扭，但漢譯英時(shí)，一定要識(shí)別出省略的部分，并補(bǔ)充翻譯出來。第38頁，共64頁。38【例1】Some books are to be tasted,

38、 others () to be swallowed, and some few () to be chewed and digested; that is, some books are to be read only in parts; others () to be read, but not curiously; and some few () to be read wholly, and with diligence and attention. 書有可淺嘗者，有可吞食者，少數(shù)則須咀嚼消化。換言之，有只須讀其部分者，有只須大體涉獵者，少數(shù)則須全讀，讀時(shí)須全神貫注，孜孜不倦。 王佐良先

39、生譯 第39頁，共64頁。39【例2】Histories make men wise; poets () witty; the mathematics () subtitle; natural philosophy () deep; moral () grave; logic and rhetoric () able to contend. 讀史使人明智，讀詩使人靈秀，數(shù)學(xué)使人周密，科學(xué)使人深刻，倫理學(xué)使人莊重，邏輯修辭之學(xué)使人善辯。 王佐良先生譯 第40頁，共64頁。40【例3】所以每每在大雪中的黃昏里， ()圍著暖爐，圍著祖父，聽著祖父讀著詩篇，看著祖父讀著詩篇時(shí)微紅的嘴唇。 On sno

40、wy evenings, we children often sat around the heating stove by grandpa, listening to him reading poems and watching his busy ruddy lips. 王佐良先生譯 第41頁，共64頁。41【例4】改革開放膽子要大一些， ()要敢于試驗(yàn)。冒一定的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)是必要的。不冒點(diǎn)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，辦什么事情都有百分之百的把握，萬無一失，誰敢說這樣的話? 一開始就自以為是，認(rèn)為百分之百正確，沒那回事。 We must be courageous to venture on experiments as

41、 far as reforms are concerned. A certain amount of risk-taking is necessary. Who dares to claim that he is 100 percent sure of success right from the beginning and without taking any risks? There is no such thing as certainty. (From Cai Jigang,2001)第42頁，共64頁。42練習(xí)： 孟子曰：“民為貴，社稷次之，君為輕”(注：the god of the

42、 land and the god of grain the state 土神和谷神,古時(shí)君主都祭祀社稷,后來就用社稷代表國家）世有伯樂，然后有千里馬。千里馬常有，而伯樂不常有。Mencius said, “The people are the most important, the land and grain the next, the sovereign the lightest.Only after Bo Le came into the world were there horses able to gallop one thousand li in a day. Such hors

43、es are common, but a Bo Le is rare.第43頁，共64頁。433.連接詞和連接性詞組 連接詞和連接性詞組是使用最為普遍的銜接手段之一。連接詞主要用于理順文章的邏輯、時(shí)間和空間等關(guān)系，掌握這些詞和詞組的翻譯方法，可以使譯文通順流暢。第44頁，共64頁。44表示邏輯關(guān)系 先后或列舉： first, second ; in the first place; next/ then; for one thing for another; furthermore / moreover/in addition/besides; finally/last; and 特指或舉例：

44、in particular; specifically; for instance, for example; that is / namely表示因果：consequently / as a result /hence / accordingly / thus /so /therefore; because / since / for表示結(jié)論：in conclusion /finally /all in all / to sum up; evidently /clearly; actually; of course表示轉(zhuǎn)折：but / however /yet /nevertheless;

45、on the contrary; on the other hand; neither nor 第45頁，共64頁。45表示時(shí)間關(guān)系 表示頻率：frequently /often; occasionally / now and then; sometimes /from time to time; day after day; again and again/ over and over / on and on表示階段：during; briefly; for a long time; for many days /months/years表示某一段時(shí)間：then /at that time/

46、 in those days; last week表示開端：at first / in the beginning; before then（此前）; in the preceding weeks第46頁，共64頁。46表示近距離：close to / near; next to / alongside / adjacent to; facing表示遠(yuǎn)距離：in the distance /far /beyond /away /on the far side; there表示方向：up; down; forward(s); backward(s); sideways （向旁邊）；along;

47、across; on the left/right; in front of / behind; above/below; inside /outside表示空間關(guān)系 第47頁，共64頁。47【例1】女人發(fā)號(hào)施令的手段很高明，用的都是口氣柔和的祈使句。但不管怎樣，事無巨細(xì)都要男人效勞總是很不應(yīng)該的。他對(duì)妻子總是百依百順，我從未聽到他有過什么不耐煩的表示，而且，我聽得出來，他極其恭順而溫存，仿佛這么奴仆般地被老婆支使得團(tuán)團(tuán)轉(zhuǎn)是一種享受似的。于是，我猜測(cè)：他的妻子很漂亮，因?yàn)榇蠓财恋呐硕碱H有些自命不凡，總把自己當(dāng)作個(gè)高貴的公主。 第48頁，共64頁。48【譯文】女人發(fā)號(hào)施令的手段很高明，用的都

48、是口氣柔和的祈使句。但不管怎樣，事無巨細(xì)都要男人效勞總是很不應(yīng)該的。The woman was very good at commanding: her orders were all couched in soft-toned imperative sentences. However, it simply wasnt right, I thought, for her to ask her husband to do everything. 第49頁，共64頁。49【譯文】他對(duì)妻子總是百依百順，我從未聽到他有過什么不耐煩的表示，而且，我聽得出來，他極其恭順而溫存，仿佛這么奴仆般地被老婆支使

49、得團(tuán)團(tuán)轉(zhuǎn)是一種享受似的。 But to these orders of hers, he never said a word of “No”, nor did he reveal any sign of impatience. On the contrary, his response showed that he was as meek as a lamb, seeming to regard it as a great pleasure to busy his head off for his slave master. 第50頁，共64頁。50【譯文】于是，我猜測(cè)：他的妻子很漂亮，因?yàn)榇?/p>

50、凡漂亮的女人都頗有些自命不凡，總把自己當(dāng)作個(gè)高貴的公主。Therefore I came to the conclusion that his wife must be a great beauty, for beautiful women without exception are stuck up, imagining themselves to be noble princesses. 第51頁，共64頁。51【例2】秦淮河里的船，比北京萬生園，頤和園的船好，比西湖的船好，比楊州瘦西湖的船也好。這幾處的船不是覺著笨，就是覺得簡(jiǎn)陋、局促；都不能引起乘客們的情韻，如秦淮河的船一樣。秦淮河的船

51、約略可分為兩種：一是大船；一是小船，就是所謂“七板子”。 (朱自清槳聲燈影里的秦淮河)【譯文】The ships on the QinHuai are better than those in Beijings Myriad-Creature Garden and Summer Palace and Hangzhous West Lake, better even than those on Yangzhous Shouxi Lake. The vessels in those places are either clumsy or crude and cramped, less inviti

52、ng than those on the Qinhuai, which fall roughly into two categories, big boats and small ones, the latter also known as “seven-plankers”. 第52頁，共64頁。52【例3】去年年底，中國烹飪協(xié)會(huì)決定，把“全聚德”、“狗不理”及“蘭州拉面”這三個(gè)品種確定為推廣中式快餐的試點(diǎn)。盡管以行政命令參與市場(chǎng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的做法值得懷疑，不過，“全聚德” 、“狗不理”（天津食品街的那一家除外）、“蘭州拉面”以及“榮華雞”的味道，其實(shí)都很不錯(cuò)。然而，“好吃”是否可以成為中式快餐的規(guī)模

53、化經(jīng)營乃至與麥當(dāng)勞分庭抗禮必要條件，仍然值得懷疑。 (沈宏非快餐的精神分析)【譯文】Towards the end of last year, the Chinese Cooking Association decided to recommend Quanjude roast duck, Goubuli steamed stuffed bun and Lanzhou Hand-pulled Noodles as the three trail brands of Chinese fast foods. Although the administrative intervention in m

54、arket competition is questionable, the three recommended fast foods are pleasing to the palate indeed and so is Ronghua chicken. However ,it is still doubtful that taste along should make them worth their while to go into large-scale operation and merit an equal market status with the Macdonalds. (T

55、ranslated by Liu Shicong)第53頁，共64頁。53練習(xí)： 中國的統(tǒng)一和富強(qiáng)，不僅是祖國大陸人民的根本利益所在，同樣是臺(tái)灣同胞的根本利益所在，而且有利于遠(yuǎn)東和世界的和平。 The reunification of China and her prosperity and power not only represent the vital interests of the people on the mainland and those of the compatriots in Taiwan, but also favor the peace in the Far Ea

56、st and the world.第54頁，共64頁。54篇章的語域與翻譯 Linguistic Field and Trans.第55頁，共64頁。55 語域指的是語言使用的場(chǎng)合、目的、交際關(guān)系等的不同而產(chǎn)生的變體，涉及書面與口頭、正式與非正式、禮貌與粗俗、輕松與嚴(yán)肅等方面。 好的譯文不僅要譯出原文的意義，還要將原文的語域特點(diǎn)恰當(dāng)?shù)乇憩F(xiàn)出來，達(dá)到原文想要達(dá)到的效果。如給不同的人的信，語氣就不相同，字里行間會(huì)透出親疏關(guān)系。 以下兩封信是同一人所寫，但語氣和風(fēng)格卻有明顯的不同。所以，翻譯時(shí)也要注意用詞。第56頁，共64頁。56 6th June, 1999Dear sir,While stayi

57、ng in your hotel in Brighton recently, I mislaid a necklace which, although of little intrinsic value, was a great loss to me, as it belonged to my late mother. I mentioned the matter to the manager of the hotel concerned (Mr Perron), asking him to make enquiries. Several weeks later, I received a l

58、etter from him stating that the necklace had been found and asking me to “call in at my convenience” to collect it.Since then, I have written no fewer than four times to Mr Perron, explaining that it is not all convenient for me to travel two hundred miles in order to collect the necklace in person, and asking him to post it to me. I have received no reply to any of these letters. May I ask you to contact Mr Perron and persuade him to send me my necklace as soon as possible? Yours faithfully第57頁，共64頁。57敬啟者： 近日曾于布賴頓市下榻貴飯店，不知將一項(xiàng)鏈錯(cuò)放何處。項(xiàng)