Translation-of-idioms英語習(xí)語翻譯課件

1、Chapter FifteenTranslation of IdiomsIdiom Definition An idiom is an expression,word, orphrasethat has afigurativemeaningthat is comprehended in regard to a common use of that expression that is separate from theliteralmeaning ordefinitionof the words of which it is made. Idiom Feature Culturally rel

2、ative: An idiom is generally acolloquialmetaphora term requiring some foundational knowledge, information, or experience, to use only within aculture, where conversational parties must possess common cultural references. Therefore, idioms are not considered part of the language, but part of the cult

3、ure. Idiom An idiom is an expression not readily analyzable from its grammatical construction or from the meaning of its component parts. It is the part of the distinctive form or construction of a particular language that has a specific form or style present only in that language. (New Internationa

4、l Websters Collegiate Dictionary )An idiom is an expression whose meaning is not predictable from the usual grammatical rules of a language or from the usual meanings of its constituent elements. (Random House Websters College Dictionary )Translation of idiomForeignizing translation:retaining the cu

5、ltural flavors of the SLenables the reader to have an alien reading experiencedeveloping the readers awareness of cultural differenceDomesticating translation:minimizes the foreignness of the SL text by changing the heterogeneous elements into what is familiar to the TL text異化：主張直譯原文的語言形式（即便這種語言形式不完

6、全切合譯語習(xí)慣），保留構(gòu)成原語言的文化因子（主要是形象）。歸化：主張以純熟地道的譯語和相關(guān)聯(lián)的文化因子進(jìn)行翻譯。Translation of idiom (C-E)Foreignizing translation剖腹藏珠 出自資治通鑒唐紀(jì)太宗貞觀元年：“吾聞西域賈胡得美珠，剖身以藏之，有諸？” rip open the stomach and hide a pearlsacrifice life for money你自己手里拿著這個(gè)，豈不好？明兒再送來。就失了手也有限的，怎么忽然又變出這“剖腹藏珠”的脾氣來?。t樓夢）譯文：Wouldnt that be better? You can sen

7、d it back later. And even if want to “cut open your stomach to hide a pearl”?明槍易躲，暗箭難防譯文：It is easy to dodge a spear in the open, but hard to guard against an arrow shot from hiding.城門失火，殃及池魚譯文：A fire on city wall brings disaster to the fish in the moat.路遙知馬力，日久見人心譯文：As a long road tests a horses st

8、rength, so a long task proves a persons heart.初生牛犢不怕虎譯文：New-born calves make little of tigers.口蜜腹劍譯文：to be honey-mouthed and dagger-hearted聲東擊西譯文：to shout in the east and strike in the west望梅止渴譯文：quench ones thirsty by thinking of plums畫餅充饑譯文：to draw cakes to allay hunger刻骨銘心譯文：to be engraved on one

9、s heart and bones引狼入室譯文：to lead a wolf into the house重見天日譯文：to see the daylight again 百川歸海譯文：All rivers flow into the sea.所以這李紈雖青春喪偶，且處在膏梁錦繡之中，竟如“槁木死灰”一般，一概不問，（紅樓夢）譯文：So this young widow living in the lap of luxury was no better off than withered wood or cold ashes, taking no interest in the outside

10、 world.他一家子在這兒，他的房子、地在這兒，他跑？跑得了和尚跑不了廟。（周立波：暴風(fēng)驟雨）譯文：Escape? But his home and property cant escape. The monk may run away, but the temple cant run with him.咳！這一來，竹籃子打水一場空了。（梁斌：紅旗譜 ）譯文：Ah! We were drawing water in a bamboo basket.Foreignizing translation or domesticating translation?一個(gè)漢語的習(xí)語，有其含義大致相近的英語

11、習(xí)語，順手牽羊，便可作歸化英譯;反之，若做直譯，保留其文化因素，作異化處理，也未嘗不可。何去何從，令人猶豫。竭澤而漁:to drain a pond to catch all the fish（異化）kill the goose that lays the golden eggs （歸化）打草驚蛇:to stir up the grass and alert the snake（異化）wake up a sleeping dog (歸化)易如反掌:to be as easy as turning over ones hand（異化）as easy as falling off a log（歸化

12、）雪中送炭：to send charcoal in snowy weather（異化）to help a lame dog over a stile（歸化）守口如瓶： to keep ones mouth closed like a bottle（異化）to keep a still tongue in ones head（歸化） 掌上明珠: a pearl in the palm (異化) the apple of ones eye (歸化)小結(jié)歸化？異化？其實(shí)質(zhì)是直譯與意譯，是形式與內(nèi)容的矛盾?！癗ot only the equivalence content of message, bu

13、t, in so far as possible, an equivalence of the form.” (Nida)Nida提出了改變形式的五個(gè)條件。不合乎五個(gè)條件，就不能隨意更改；必須保持形式的一致，也就是采取直譯的方法。 “Translate literally, if possible, or, appeal to free translation.” （陸殿揚(yáng)）Nida 認(rèn)為，只有在一定條件下，才可以改變形式。為此，他提出了改變形式的五個(gè)條件： 1.直譯會(huì)導(dǎo)致意義上的錯(cuò)誤時(shí)； 2.引入外來語形成語義空白(Semantic Zero)，讀者有可能自己填入錯(cuò)誤意義時(shí)； 3.形式對(duì)等引

14、起嚴(yán)重的意義晦澀時(shí)； 4.形式對(duì)等引起作者原意所沒有的歧義時(shí)； 5.形式對(duì)等違反譯入語的語法或文體規(guī)范時(shí)。“直譯基礎(chǔ)上的意譯”翻譯的指導(dǎo)思想語言是文化的載體。翻譯若僅僅傳達(dá)信息了事，那將鑄就缺憾。Domesticating translation眉飛色舞：譯文：his eyebrows are flying and his countenance is dancing.改譯：to beam with joy粗枝大葉譯文：with big branches and large leaves改譯：to be crude and careless燈紅酒綠譯文：with red lights and

15、green wine改譯：dissipated and luxurious紙醉金迷：譯文：with drunken paper and bewitched gold改譯：(a life of )luxury and dissipation揚(yáng)眉吐氣譯文：to raise the eyebrows and let out a breath改譯：to feel proud and elated開門見山譯文：to open the door and see the mountain改譯：to come straight to the point風(fēng)雨飄搖：譯文：the wind and rain are

16、 rocking改譯：(of a situation) being unstableForeignizing translation ?Domesticating translation?有鮮明文化色彩的習(xí)語（衍生于某個(gè)歷史故事或人物掌故）葉公好龍譯文：professed love of what one really fears南柯一夢譯文：a fond dream or illusory joy/ fond dream四面楚歌譯文：to be besieged on all sides懸梁刺股譯文：to be extremely hard-working in ones study初出茅廬

17、譯文：at the beginning of ones career罄竹難書譯文：(of crimes) too numerous to mention失之東隅，收之桑榆譯文：What one loses on the swings, one gets back on the roundabouts.塞翁失馬，安知非福？譯文：A loss may turn out to be a gain. Comparative study on the cultural difference膽小如鼠: as timid as a rabbit如魚得水: like a duck to water多如牛毛:

18、as plentiful as blackberries一箭之遙: at a stones throw水中撈月: to fish in the air半瓶子醋: half-baked蠢得像豬: as stupid as a goose害群之馬：black sheep揮金如土：to spend money like water爛醉如泥：drunk as a sailor熱鍋上的螞蟻：like a cat on a hot tin roof瘦得像猴子：as thin as a shadow如履薄冰：to tread upon eggs棋逢敵手：diamond cut diamond掛羊頭賣狗肉：c

19、ry up wine and sell vinegarExercise 1.但是，事實(shí)勝于雄辯，水落自然石出。2.青黃不接的季節(jié)3.后來出嫁了，兩個(gè)人還藕斷絲連，這只能怪包辦婚姻，不能怪她。4.木已成舟，也只好如此了。5. 她覺得丈夫這句話說得對(duì)，真是一針見血，點(diǎn)頭附和道6.她聽了這話，像是火上澆油，立刻說7.他對(duì)鄉(xiāng)里的情況，了如指掌。8. 打蛇先打頭，擒賊先擒王。9. 夫妻無隔夜之仇。10. 送君千里，終有一別。11.薛蟠也來上學(xué)，不過是三天打魚，兩日曬網(wǎng)。12.不是鬼使神差，好端端的他怎么會(huì)抽上了鴉片煙？13. 人怕出名豬怕壯。14. 最重要的，她不是小姐堆里嬌生慣養(yǎng)出來的人。15. 人勤

20、地不懶，這話真不假。1.但是，事實(shí)勝于雄辯，水落自然石出。譯文：However, facts speak louder than eloquence and the truth will prevail in the end.2.青黃不接的季節(jié)譯文：In spring when one crop was eaten and the next still green./ When the crop is still in the blade and the old stock is consumed./ Before the green corn grows and after the whit

21、e crop is consumed.3.后來出嫁了，兩個(gè)人還藕斷絲連，這只能怪包辦婚姻，不能怪她。譯文：After she was married they still kept it up. The arranged marriage was the cause of this; she cant be blamed.4.木已成舟，也只好如此了。譯文：Whats done is done, and cant be undone.5. 她覺得丈夫這句話說得對(duì)，真是一針見血，點(diǎn)頭附和道譯文：Feeling that her husband had been right to say this

22、and had touched him on the raw, she nodded and backed him up6.她聽了這話，像是火上澆油，立刻說譯文：This only added fuel to the flames of her anger and she said at once 7.他對(duì)鄉(xiāng)里的情況，了如指掌。譯文：He knew everything about the township like the back of his hand.8. 打蛇先打頭，擒賊先擒王。譯文：If you want to kill a snake, you must first hit it on the head and if you want to catch a band of robbers you must first catch their