經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)常用詞匯中英對照

1、經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)常用詞匯（中英對照）Aaccounting會計(jì)accountingcost會計(jì)成本accountingprofit會計(jì)利潤adverseselection逆向選擇allocation酉己置allocationofresources資源酉己置allocativeefficiency酉己置效率antitrustlegislation反托拉斯法arcelasticity弧彈性Arrowsimpossibilitytheorem阿羅不可能定理Assumption假設(shè)asymetricinformation非對稱性信息average平均averagecost平均成本averagecostprici

2、ng平均成本定價(jià)法averagefixedcost平均固定成本averageproductofcapital資本平均產(chǎn)量averageproductoflabour勞動平均產(chǎn)量averagerevenue平均收益averagetotalcost平均總成本averagevariablecost平均可變成本Bbarrierstoentry進(jìn)入壁壘baseyear基年bilateralmonopoly雙邊壟斷benefit收益blackmarket黑市blisspoint極樂點(diǎn)boundarypoint邊界點(diǎn)breakevenpoint收支相抵點(diǎn)budget預(yù)算budgetconstraint預(yù)算約

3、束budgetline預(yù)算線budgetset預(yù)算集Ccapital資本capitalstock資本存量capitaloutputratio資本產(chǎn)出比率capitalism資本主義cardinalutilitytheory基數(shù)效用論cartel卡特爾ceterispuribusassumption其他條件不變”的假設(shè)ceterispuribusdemandcurve其他因素不變的需求曲線Chamberlinmodel張伯倫模型changeindemand需求變化changeinquantitydemanded需求量變化changeinquantitysupplied供給量變化changeins

4、upply供給變化choice選擇closedset閉集Coasetheorem科斯定理Cobb-Douglasproductionfunction柯布一道格拉斯生產(chǎn)函數(shù)cobwebmodel蛛網(wǎng)模型collectivebargaining集體協(xié)議工資collusion合謀commandeconomy指令經(jīng)濟(jì)commodity商品commoditycombination商品組合commoditymarket商品市場commodityspace商品空間commonproperty公用貝才產(chǎn)comparativestaticanalysis比較靜態(tài)分析compensatedbudgetline補(bǔ)償

5、預(yù)算線compensateddemandfunction補(bǔ)償需求函數(shù)compensationprinciples補(bǔ)償原則compensatingvariationinincome收入補(bǔ)償變量competition競爭competitivemarket競爭性市場complementgoods互補(bǔ)品completeinformation完全信息completeness完備性conditionforefficiencyinexchange交換的最優(yōu)條件conditionforefficiencyinproduction生產(chǎn)的最優(yōu)條件concave凹concavefunction凹函數(shù)concavep

6、reference凹偏好consistence一致性constantcostindustry成本不變產(chǎn)業(yè)constantreturnstoscale規(guī)模報(bào)酬不變constraints約束consumer消費(fèi)者consumerbehavior消費(fèi)者行為consumerchoice消費(fèi)者選擇consumerequilibrium消費(fèi)者均衡consumeroptimization消費(fèi)者優(yōu)化consumerpreference消費(fèi)者偏好consumersurplus消費(fèi)者乘U余consumertheory消費(fèi)者理論consumption消費(fèi)consumptionbundle消費(fèi)束consumption

7、combination消費(fèi)組合consumptionpossibilitycurve消費(fèi)可能曲線consumptionpossibilityfrontier消費(fèi)可能性邊界consumptionset消費(fèi)集consumptionspace消費(fèi)空間continuity連續(xù)性continuousfunction連續(xù)函數(shù)contractcurve契約曲線convex凸convexfunction凸函數(shù)convexpreference凸偏好convexset凸集corporatlon公司cost成本costbenefitanalysis成本收益分costfunction成本函數(shù)costminimizat

8、ion成本極小化Cournotequilihrium古諾均衡Cournotmodel古諾模型Cross-priceelasticity交叉價(jià)格彈性Ddead-weightsloss重負(fù)損失decreasingcostindustry成本遞減產(chǎn)業(yè)decreasingreturnstoscale規(guī)模報(bào)酬遞減deduction演繹法demand需求demandcurve需求曲線demandelasticity需求彈性demandfunction需求函數(shù)demandprice需求價(jià)格demandschedule需求表depreciation折舊derivative導(dǎo)數(shù)derivedemand派生需求d

9、ifferenceequation差分方程differentialequation微分方程differentiatedgood差異商品differentiatedoligoply差異寡頭diminishingmarginalsubstitution邊際替代率遞減diminishingmarginalreturn收益遞減diminishingmarginalutility邊際效用遞減directapproach直接法directtaxes直接稅discounting貼稅、折扣diseconomiesofscale規(guī)模不經(jīng)濟(jì)disequilibrium非均衡distribution分酉已divis

10、ionoflabour勞動分工distributiontheoryofmarginalproductivity邊際生產(chǎn)率分酉己論duoupoly雙頭壟斷、雙寡duality對偶durablegoods耐用品dynamicanalysis動態(tài)分析dynamicmodels動態(tài)模型EEconomicagents經(jīng)濟(jì)行為者economiccost經(jīng)濟(jì)成本economicefficiency經(jīng)濟(jì)效率economicgoods經(jīng)濟(jì)物品economicman經(jīng)濟(jì)人economicmode經(jīng)濟(jì)模型economicprofit經(jīng)濟(jì)利潤economicregionofproduction生產(chǎn)的經(jīng)濟(jì)區(qū)域econo

11、micregulation經(jīng)濟(jì)調(diào)節(jié)economicrent經(jīng)濟(jì)租金exchange交換economics經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)exchangeefficiency交換效率economy經(jīng)濟(jì)exchangecontractcurve交換契約曲線economyofscale規(guī)模經(jīng)濟(jì)Edgeworthboxdiagram埃奇沃思圖exclusion排斥性、排他性Edgeworthcontractcurve埃奇沃思契約線Edgeworthmodel埃奇沃思模型efficiency效率,效益efficiencyparameter效率參數(shù)elasticity彈性elasticityofsubstitution替代彈性en

12、dogenousvariable內(nèi)生變量endowment稟賦endowmentofresources資源稟賦Engelcurve恩格爾曲線entrepreneur企業(yè)家entrepreneurship企業(yè)家才能entrybarriers進(jìn)入壁壘entry/exitdecision進(jìn)出決策envolopecurve包絡(luò)線equilibrium均衡equilibriumcondition均衡條件equilibriumprice均衡價(jià)格equilibriumquantity均衡產(chǎn)量eqity公平equivalentvariationinincome收入等價(jià)變量excesscapacitytheor

13、em過度生產(chǎn)能力定理excesssupply過度供給exchange交換exchangecontractcurve交換契約曲線exclusion排斥性、排他性exclusionprinciple排他性原則existence存在性existenceofgeneralequilibrium總體均衡的存在性exogenousvariables外生變量expansionpaths擴(kuò)展徑expectation期望expectedutility期望效用expectedvalue期望值expenditure支出explicitcost顯性成本externalbenefit外部收益externalcost夕卜

14、部成本externaleconomy夕卜部經(jīng)濟(jì)externaldiseconomy夕卜部不經(jīng)濟(jì)externalities外部性FFactor要素factordemand要素需求factormarket要素市場factorsofproduction生產(chǎn)要素factorsubstitution要素替代factorsupply要素供給fallacyofcomposition合成謬誤finalgoods最終產(chǎn)品firm企業(yè)firmsdemacdrveforlabor企業(yè)勞動需求曲線firmsupplycurve企業(yè)供給曲線first-degreepricediscrimination第一級價(jià)格歧視fi

15、rstordercondition一階條件fixedcosts固定成本fixedinput固定投入fixedproportionsproductionfunction固定比例的生產(chǎn)函數(shù)flow流量fluctuation波動forwhomtoproduce為誰生產(chǎn)freeentry自由進(jìn)入freegoods自由品，免費(fèi)品freemobilityofresources資源自由流動freerider搭便車，免費(fèi)搭車function函數(shù)futurevalue未來值Ggametheory對策論、博弈論generalequilibrium總體均衡generalgoods一般商品Giffengoods吉芬品

16、收入補(bǔ)償需求曲線GiffensParadox吉芬之謎Ginicoefficient吉尼系數(shù)goldenrule黃金規(guī)則goods貨物governmentfailure政府失敗governmentregulation政府調(diào)控grandutilitypossibilitycurve總效用可能曲線grandutilitypossibilityfrontier總效用可能邊界Hheterogeneousproduct異質(zhì)產(chǎn)品Hickskaldorwelfarecriterion?？怂挂豢柖喔＠麡?biāo)準(zhǔn)homogeneity齊次性homogeneousdemandfunction齊次需求函數(shù)homogene

17、ousproduct同質(zhì)產(chǎn)品homogeneousproductionfunction齊次生產(chǎn)函數(shù)horizontalsummation水平和household家庭howtoproduce如何生產(chǎn)humancapital人力資本hypothesis假說Iidentity恒等式imperfectcompetion不完全競爭implicitcost隱性成本income收入incomecompensateddemandcurveincomeconstraint收入約束incomeconsumptioncurve收入消費(fèi)曲線incomedistribution收入分酉己incomeeffect收入效應(yīng)

18、incomeelasticityofdemand需求收入彈性increasingcostindustry成本遞增產(chǎn)業(yè)increasingreturnstoscale規(guī)模報(bào)酬遞增inefficiency缺乏效率indexnumber指數(shù)indifference無差異indifferencecurve無差異曲線indifferencemap無差異族indifferencerelation無差異關(guān)系indifferenceset無差異集indirectapproach間接法individualanalysis個(gè)量分析individualdemandcurve個(gè)人需求曲線individualdeman

19、dfunction個(gè)人需求函數(shù)inducedvariable弓I致變量induction歸納法industry產(chǎn)業(yè)industryequilibrium產(chǎn)業(yè)均衡industrysupplycurve產(chǎn)業(yè)供給曲線inelastic缺乏彈性的inferiorgoods劣品inflectionpoint拐點(diǎn)information信息informationcost信息成本initialcondition初始條件initialendowment初始稟賦innovation創(chuàng)新input投入inputoutput投入一產(chǎn)出institution制度institutionaleconomics制度經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)in

20、surance保險(xiǎn)intercept截距interest禾息interestrate利息率intermediategoods中間產(chǎn)品internatizationofexternalities夕卜部性內(nèi)部化invention發(fā)明inversedemandfunction逆需求函數(shù)investment投資invisiblehand看不見的手isocostline等成本線，isoprofitcurve等利潤曲線isoquantcurve等產(chǎn)量曲線isoquantmap等產(chǎn)量族Kkindeddemandcurve彎折的需求曲線labour勞動labourdemand勞動需求laboursupply勞

21、動供給labourtheoryofvalue勞動價(jià)值論labourunions工會laissezfaire自由放任Lagrangianfunction拉格朗日函數(shù)Lagrangianmultiplier拉格朗乘數(shù)，land土地law法則lawofdemandandsupply供需法lawofdiminishingmarginalutility邊際效用遞減法則lawofdiminishingmarginalrateofsubstitution邊際替代率遞減法貝Ulawofdiminishingmarginalrateoftechnicalsubstitution邊際技術(shù)替代率lawofincre

22、asingcost成本遞增法貝Ulawofoneprice單一價(jià)格法則leader-followermodel領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者-跟隨者模型leastcostcombinationofinputs最彳氐成本的投入組合leisure閑暇Leontiefproductionfunction歹！J昂節(jié)夫生產(chǎn)函數(shù)licenses許可證lineardemandfunction線性需求函數(shù)inearhomogeneity線性齊次性inearhomogeneousproductionfunction線性齊次生產(chǎn)函數(shù)ongrun長期ongrunaveragecost長期平均成本longrunequilibrium長期均衡

23、longrunindustrysupplycurve長期產(chǎn)業(yè)供給曲線longrunmarginalcost長期邊際成本longruntotalcost長期總成本Lorenzcurve洛倫茲曲線lossminimization損失極小化1umpsumtax一次性征稅luxury奢侈品Mmacroeconomics宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)marginal邊際的marginalbenefit邊際收益marginalcost邊際成本marginalcostpricing邊際成本定價(jià)marginalcostoffactor邊際要素成本marginalperiod市場期marginalphysicalproductiv

24、ity實(shí)際實(shí)物生產(chǎn)率marginalproduct邊際產(chǎn)量marginalproductofcapital資本的邊際產(chǎn)量marginalproductof1abour勞動的邊際產(chǎn)量marginalproductivity邊際生產(chǎn)率marginalrateofsubstitution邊替代率marginalrateoftransformation邊際轉(zhuǎn)換率marginalreturns邊際回報(bào)marginalrevenue邊際收益marginalrevenueproduct邊際收益產(chǎn)品marginalrevolution邊際革命marginalsocialbenefit社會邊際收益margina

25、lsocialcost社會邊際成本marginalutility邊際效用marginalvalueproducts邊際價(jià)值產(chǎn)品market市場marketclearance市場結(jié)清，市場洗清marketdemand市場需求marketeconomy市場經(jīng)濟(jì)marketequilibrium市場均衡marketfailure市場失敗marketmechanism市場機(jī)制marketstructure市場結(jié)構(gòu)marketseparation市場分割marketregulation市場調(diào)節(jié)marketshare市場份額markuppricing加減定價(jià)法Marshalliandemandfuncti

26、on馬歇爾需求函數(shù)maximization極大化microeconomics微觀經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)minimumwage最彳氐工資misallocationofresources資源誤置mixedeconomy混合經(jīng)濟(jì)model模型money貨幣monopolisticcompetition壟斷競爭monopolisticexploitation壟斷剝削monopoly壟斷，賣方壟斷monopolyequilibrium壟斷均衡monopolypricing壟斷定價(jià)monopolyregulation壟斷調(diào)控monopolyrents壟斷租金monopsony買方壟斷NNashequilibrium納什均

27、衡Naturalmonopoly自然壟斷Naturalresources自然資源Necessarycondition必要條件necessities必需品netdemand凈需求nonconvexpreference非凸，性偏好nonconvexity非凸性nonexclusion非排斥性nonlinearpricing非線性定價(jià)nonrivalry非對抗性nonpricecompetition非價(jià)格競爭nonsatiation非飽和性non-zerosumgame非零和對策normalgoods正常品normalprofit正常利潤normativeeconomics規(guī)范經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)Oobjecti

28、vefunction目標(biāo)函數(shù)oligopoly寡頭壟斷oligopolymarket寡頭市場oligopolymodel寡頭模型opportunitycost機(jī)會成本optimalchoice最佳選擇optimalconsumptionbundle消費(fèi)束perfectelasticity完全有彈性optimalresourceallocation最佳資源酉己置optimalscale最佳規(guī)模optimalsolution最優(yōu)解optimization優(yōu)化orderingofoptimization(social)preference(社會)偏好NF序ordinalutility序數(shù)效用ordi

29、narygoods一般品output產(chǎn)量、產(chǎn)出outputelasticity產(chǎn)出彈性outputmaximization產(chǎn)出極大化Pparameter參數(shù)Paretocriterion帕累托標(biāo)準(zhǔn)Paretoefficiency帕累托效率Paretoimprovement帕累托改進(jìn)Paretooptimality帕累托優(yōu)化Paretoset帕累托集partialderivative偏導(dǎo)數(shù)partialequilibrium局部均衡patent專禾payoffmatrix收益矩陣、支付矩陣perceiveddemandcurve感覺至U的需求曲線perfectcompetition完全競爭per

30、fectcomplement完全互補(bǔ)品perfectmonopoly完全壟斷perfectpricediscrimination完全價(jià)格歧視perfectsubstitution完全替代品perfectinelasticity完全無彈性perfectlyelastic完全有彈性perfectlyinelastic完全無彈性plantsize工廠規(guī)模pointelasticity點(diǎn)彈性positiveeconomics實(shí)證經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)postHocFallacy后此謬誤prediction預(yù)測preference偏好preferencerelation偏好關(guān)系presentvalue現(xiàn)值price價(jià)格

31、priceadjustmentmodel價(jià)格調(diào)整模型priceceiling最高限價(jià)priceconsumptioncurve價(jià)格費(fèi)曲線pricecontrol價(jià)格管制pricedifference價(jià)格差另pricediscrimination價(jià)格歧視priceelasticityofdemand需求價(jià)格彈性priceelasticityofsupply供給價(jià)格彈性pricefloor最低限價(jià)pricemaker價(jià)格制定者pricerigidity價(jià)格剛性priceseeker價(jià)格搜求者pricetaker價(jià)格接受者pricetax從價(jià)稅privatebenefit私人收益principala

32、gentissues委托一代理問題privatecost私人成本privategoods私人用品privateproperty私人財(cái)產(chǎn)producerequilibrium生產(chǎn)者均衡producertheory生產(chǎn)者理論product產(chǎn)品producttransformationcurve產(chǎn)品轉(zhuǎn)換曲線productdifferentiation產(chǎn)品差異productgroup產(chǎn)品集團(tuán)production生產(chǎn)productioncontractcurve生產(chǎn)契約曲線productionefficiency生產(chǎn)效率productionfunction生產(chǎn)函數(shù)productionpossibilit

33、ycurve生產(chǎn)可能性曲線productivity生產(chǎn)率productivityofcapital資本生產(chǎn)率productivityoflabor勞動生產(chǎn)率profit利潤profitfunction禾潤函數(shù)profitmaximization禾潤極大化propertyrights產(chǎn)權(quán)propertyrightseconomics產(chǎn)權(quán)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)proposition定理proportionaldemandcurve成比例的需求曲線publicbenefits公共收益publicchoice公共選擇publicgoods公共商品purecompetition純粹競爭rivalry對抗性、競爭pure

34、exchange純交換puremonopoly純粹壟斷Qquantityadjustmentmodel數(shù)量調(diào)整模型quantitytax從量稅quasirent準(zhǔn)租金Rrateofproducttransformation產(chǎn)品轉(zhuǎn)換率rationality理性reactionfunction反應(yīng)函數(shù)regulation調(diào)節(jié)，調(diào)控relativeprice相對價(jià)格rent租金rentcontrol規(guī)模報(bào)酬rentseeking尋租rentseekingeconomics尋租經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)resource資源resourceallocation資源酉己置returns報(bào)酬、回報(bào)returnstoscale規(guī)

35、模報(bào)酬revealedpreference顯示，性偏好revenue收益revenuecurve收益曲線revenuefunction收益函數(shù)revenuemaximization收益極大化ridgeline脊線risk風(fēng)險(xiǎn)Ssatiation飽和，滿足saving儲蓄scarcity稀缺性lawofscarcity稀缺法則seconddegreepricediscrimination二級價(jià)格歧視secondderivative-階導(dǎo)數(shù)secondordercondition二階條件service勞務(wù)set集shadowprices影子價(jià)格shortrun短期shortruncostcurve

36、短期成本曲線shortrunequilibrium短期均衡shortrunsupplycurve短期供給曲線shutdowndecision關(guān)閉決策shortage短缺shutdownpoint關(guān)閉點(diǎn)singlepricemonopoly單一定價(jià)壟斷slope斜率socialbenefit社會收益socialcost社會成本socialindifferencecurve社會無差異曲線socialpreference社會偏好socialsecurity社會保障socialwelfarefunction社會福利函數(shù)socialism社會主義solution解space空間stability穩(wěn)定性st