高考英語非謂語動詞語法精講精練教師版

1、常九講情態(tài)動詞和虛擬語氣非謂語動詞是高考的重點和熱點，也是我們英語學習中所碰到的難點之一。非謂語動詞分為三種形式：不定式，V-ing分詞（又分為現在分詞和動名詞）和過去分詞。一、基礎知識1.非謂語動詞的語法功能所能充當的成分主語表語賓語賓語（主語）補足語定語插入語（獨立成分）V-ing 形現在分詞式動名詞不定式（to do ）過去分詞（done）注：常見作獨立成分的非謂語動詞to tell you the truth（ 實話說），needless to say（不用說）,to be honest/frank（ 老 實說，坦白說），to be more exact（更確切地說），to make

2、things worse （更糟的是）,not to mention （更不用說）,Generally / Frankly / Roughly speaking （一般說來/坦白說/粗略地說）2,非謂語動詞的變化形式非謂 語 形式構成時公語公復合結構否定式主動被動不定 式一般式to doto be donefor sb. to do sth.或of sb. to do sth.在 “to” 前力口not或 never進行式to have doneto have been done完成式to be doing/完成 進行式to have been doing/動名 詞一般式doingbeing

3、donesb.或 sb s doing 作主語要用 sb s doing在前加not特別注意復合結 構的否定式：sb s not do ing sb snothaving done完成式having donehaving been done現在 分詞與動名詞變化形式相同在前加not二、重點難點（一）辨別謂語與非謂語特別注意分析句子的結構才能辨別謂語與非謂語。The traffic rule says young children under the age of four and less than 40 pounds must be in a child safety seat.A. bei

4、ng weighedB. weighs C. weighedD. weighing【解析】容易誤選 B或C,將其當成謂語看待。under the age of four and lessthan 40 pounds用作children的定語。動詞 weigh與名詞children 是主動關系，所以選擇 weighing。blood if you can and many lives will be saved.A. Giving B. Give C. Given D. To give【解析】如果不注意分析句子結構，會誤選A或C項。這是祈使句+and+陳述句的句型。答案B。（二）非謂語作主語、賓

5、語的重點t充當動詞不定式的形式主語或形式賓語It is important for us to learn English very well.對我們來說學好英語是非常重要的。I think it important for us to learn English very well.我認為對我們來說學好英語是非常重要的。it作形式主語使用動名詞的句型It is no use/no good/useless+doing sth.It is no use crying.哭沒有用。It is fun（a great pleasure, a waste of time）It is a waste o

6、f time trying to explain.設法解釋是浪費時間。2.用不定式還是用動名詞作賓語有特殊規(guī)定 I don t want like I m speaking ill of anybody, but the manager s planis unfair.A. to soundB. to be soundedC. soundingD. tohave sounded【解析】want后要跟動詞不定式作賓語，sound是連系動詞不用被動式，與謂語動詞沒有時間的先后，故不可用它的完成式。答案Ao類似的知識點要記牢。如： help, hope, ask, refuse, decide, p

7、romise, wish,pretend, expect, arrange, learn, plan, demand, dare,manage, agree, prepare, fail, determine, offer, choose, desire, elect, long等動詞后要用動詞不定式作賓語。It is difficult to imagine his the decision without any consideration.A. accept B.acceptingC. to acceptD.accepted【解析】imagine要求用動名詞作賓語。答案B。類似的知識點要

8、記牢。下列常見的這些動詞（組）后要用動詞動名詞作賓語suggest, risk, devote oneself to（建議冒險去獻身）finish, imagine, bear/stand, look forward to（完成想象忍盼望）give up, delay/put off, regret, miss（放棄延期悔失去）insist on/stick to, enjoy/appreciate, feel like, practice（堅持欣賞要實踐）pay attention to, excuse, escape/avoid, object to（注意原諒逃/避反對）keep, be/

9、get used to/be accustomed to, mind（保持習慣勿介意）be worth, set about/burst out/get down to, be busy（值得開始將忙乎）3.用不定式還是用動名詞作賓語意義不同In some parts of London, missing a bus means for another hour.A. waiting B. to waitC. waitD. to be waiting【解析】此題意為“在英國的一些地方，如果錯過了公交車就意味著再等一個小時。 mean doing sth 意為 “意味著什么“， mean to

10、do sth 意為 “試圖、打算做什么。答案 Ao類似的知識點要記牢。動詞本身意義不變，跟不定式和動名詞意義不同- remember to do sth. 記住要做L remember doing sth.記得過去做過forget to do sth.忘了已做過的事forget doing sth.忘記要做某事動詞本身意義改變，跟不定式和動名詞意義不同regret to do sth.對馬上要或不做的事表示遺憾L regret doing sth.對已發(fā)生的事表示遺憾或后悔mean to do sth. 打算，想要L mean doing 意味著，意思是r try to do sth.努力做某

11、事L try doing sth.嘗試做某事can t help doing sth. 情不自禁，忍不住L can t help (to) do sth. 不能幫忙做某事廣 be considered to have done被認為已經做了 consider - to be 認為是L consider doing考慮做某事動詞本身意義不變，跟不定式被動式和動名詞意義相同want, need, require接動名詞表示被動意義，接不定式就要用被動式，這時主語與 動名詞之間為動賓關系These young trees require looking after（=to be looked aft

12、er ）The matter needs thinking over（=to be thought over）.下列動詞跟動詞不定式做目的狀語，跟動名詞作賓語s stop to do 停下來，要做另一件事（不定式作目的狀語）Lstop doing 停止做（動名詞作賓語）go on to do接著做另一件事（不定式作目的狀語）Lgo on doing 繼續(xù)做同一件事（動名詞作賓語）4.有些動詞后要用“疑問詞+不定式”結構作復合賓語It is said that in Australia there is more land than the government knows.A. it what

13、 to do with B. what to do it with C. what to do with it D. to do what with it【解析】本題考查“疑問詞+不定式”和動詞短語do with 的用法。答案 C(三)非謂語作表語的重點不定式、動名詞與分詞作表語的區(qū)別。不定式和動名詞作表語相當于一個名詞作表語，含義是回答主語“是什么”；分詞作表語相當于形容詞作表語，含義是回答主語“怎么樣”。Our plan is to keep the affair secret.我們的計劃是讓這件事成為秘密。Their job is making wheelchairs for disab

14、led people.他們的工作是為殘疾人制造輪椅。The music they are playing sounds exciting.他們演奏的音樂聽起來令人激動。This beautiful village remains unknown to the rest of the world.這個美麗的村莊仍未外界所知?，F在分詞和過去分詞作表語的區(qū)別。現在分詞和過去分詞作表語都是用于回答主語“怎么樣”的?，F在分詞說明主語的特征，過去分詞說明主語的狀態(tài)。如：This dog is frightening.這條狗讓人害怕。（說明狗的特征）This dog is frightened.這條狗有些害

15、怕。（說明狗的心理狀態(tài)）Climbing is tiring and we are completely tired after a days climbing.爬山是累人的，爬了一天的山我們都全累壞了。（tiring 說明climbing的特征，tired說明我們的狀態(tài)）注意：在下列句中，非謂語動詞具體的語法功能What he wanted to suggest is to cut down the price and increase the sales.他想建議的是降價促銷。（不定式作表語， 說明主語“是什么”）My American teacher is to leave China

16、soon.我的美國老師即將離開中國。（不定式作表語，表示將來）Her work is taking care of the children.她的工作是照顧小孩。（現在分詞作表語，說明主語“是什么”）She is taking care of the children.她在照料小孩。（構成進行時，說明主語正在執(zhí)行的動作）The cup is broken.杯子碎了。（過去分詞作表語，說明主語所處的狀態(tài)）The cup was broken by Peter. 杯子是被彼得打壞的。（構成被動語態(tài)，說明主語是動作的承受者）（四）非謂語作賓語補足語的重點1.理解下表中所列的關系非謂語與賓語的邏輯關系

17、與謂語動作的時間關系不定式主動關系在謂語動詞后發(fā)生小帶to的不定式表不動作的全過程現在分詞主動關系同時進行過去分詞被動關系動作已經完成或表示狀態(tài)When I came in, I saw her dancing happily.（主動進行）I saw him go to the cinema.（主動，全過程）We heard her singing next door.（主動進行）We heard the song sung by her next door.（被動完成）We heard the song being sung next door.（被動進行）2.下列動詞和短語必須以用不定式作

18、賓語補足語wish, want, ask, require/request, order, warn, allow/permit, forbid, expect,remind, encourage, inspire, call on, depend on注意：advise/allow/permit/forbid +賓語+不定式作賓語補足語advise/allow/permit/forbid +動名詞作賓語時 What did the librarian out of the library?A. permit to takeB. forbid to be takenC. allow to ta

19、keD. insist being takenI don t allow in my office and I don t allow my family at all.A. to smoke - smokingB. smoking to smokeC to smoke - to smokeD. smoking - smoking答案：BB.在think, consider, find 等動詞后常用to be + adj.結構作賓語補足語，有時 to be省 略。We all discover him （to be） kind and honest.幾個特別的結構have+賓語 +do/doi

20、ng/done“have +賓語+ do sth ”意為“讓/叫/使某人做某事”。此結構中的have是使役動詞，賓語后的do sth 是不帶to的動詞不定式作賓語補足語。The boss often has them work for 14 hours a day.老板經常要他們一天工作14個小時?！癶ave +賓語+ doing ”意為“叫/讓/使某人做某事或讓某種情況發(fā)生”。賓語后面用現 在分詞作賓語補足語，表示賓語與現在分詞表示的動作之間為主動關系，且動作正在進 行。Don t have the dog barking much , Lilin. 李林，別讓狗狂吠不停?！癶ave +賓語

21、+done”意為“讓/叫/使/請別人做某事”或者是“遭受 /遭遇了，此 時，主語是無意中的受害者，而不是動作的執(zhí)行者”的意思。賓語后面用過去分詞作賓 語補足語，說明賓語與過去分詞表示的動作之間是被動關系。We had the machine mended just now.我們剛才請人把機器修好了。He had his leg injured while playing football.他在踢足球時腿受了 傷。get+ 賓語 +to do/doing/done三種結構的意義請參看上述have+賓語+do/doing/done ”的意義解釋。He got his sister to help

22、him with his clothes.他讓姐姐幫他洗衣服。Can you really get that old clock going again你真的能讓那輛舊鐘再走起來嗎？Doris got her bad tooth pulled out in the hospital.多麗絲在醫(yī)院把壞牙拔了。catch sb. doing sth逮住某人干某事If she catches me reading her diary,she ll be furious.如果她抓住我偷看她的日記，她會憤怒的。 make + oneself + doneoneself與其后的過去分詞存在著動賓關系，或者

23、說是被動關系He raised his voice in order to make himself heard.他提高了嗓門為了 使另1J人聽清他的講話。（五）非謂語作定語的重點.理解下表中所列的關系分類形式與被修飾詞的邏輯關系與謂語動作的時間關系不定式to do動賓關系在謂語動作后發(fā)生“the last/next/first.” 后常接不定式作定語，表示主謂關系在謂語動作前或者后發(fā)生to be done被動關系在謂語動作后發(fā)生現在 分詞doing主動關系與謂語動作同時進行being done被動關系與謂語動作同時進行過去done被動關系在謂語動作之前發(fā)生分詞存在的狀態(tài)或情況It is a

24、good chance to practice your spoken English.這是練習你的口語的好機會。He was the last one to leave the office.他是最后一個離開辦公室的。The woman standing over there is our English teacher.站在那邊的那個婦女是我們的英語老師。The house to be built (=which will be built/which is to be built) next year willbe our new library.(將要建的)The house bein

25、g built (=which is being built) now will be our new library.(正在建的)The house built (=which was built) last year is our new library now.(已經建成的)I like reading books written by Lu Xun.我喜歡讀魯迅寫的小說。.動詞不定式尾后的介詞不能丟When I handed the report to John, he said that George was the person.A. to send B. for sending

26、it C. to send it to D. for sending it to【解析】該題中須用不定式短語作后置定語，排除 B和D;答案A中，沒有to就意味著 是把George這個人打發(fā)走。本句意思是將該報告送給這個人一George, it指這 個報告，因此to不能少。答案Q(六)非謂語作狀語的重點.理解下表中所列的關系非謂語與邏輯主語（即句子的主語）的關系與謂語動作的時間關系doing （一般式）作狀語主動關系（幾乎）與謂語動作同時進行having done （完成式）作狀語主動關系先于謂語動作發(fā)生having been done （完成被 動式）作狀語被動關系先于謂語動作發(fā)生done （

27、過去分詞）作狀語被動關系已經在過去發(fā)生或是 不十分強調時間概念Waiting (=When I was waiting) to see the doctor, I met with a friend of mine.Having (=Because we have) made full preparations, we are sure to be successful.Having been shown around(=After we had been shown) the library,we were then takento see the laboratory.Seen （=Whe

28、n the town is seen） from the hill, the town looks more beautiful.Locked （=When he was locked） up in the room, he found himself isolated from the outer world.too to，enough to do ，onlyto等結構表示結果The boy is too young to join the navy.這男孩太小參不了海軍。The hall is big enough to hold 1,000 people.這廳大得足以容納一千人。They

29、 lift a rock only to drop it on their own feet他們搬起石頭結果卻砸了 自己的腳。注意：動詞作結果作狀語表示未曾預料的結果，而現在分詞作結果狀語表示自然而然或必 然的結果。Her husband died in 1942, leaving her with five children.The bus was held up by snowstorm, thus causing the delay.分詞（短語）作狀語的附著規(guī)則使用分詞（短語）作句子狀語時，有一條規(guī)則必須遵守：即分詞（短語）的邏輯主語應當與句子的主語一致，否則句子就是錯句。from th

30、e top of the tower, the south foot of the mountain is a sea of trees.A. Seen B. Seeing C. Have seen D. To see【解析】此處是非謂語動詞做狀語，邏輯主語是句子的主語，非謂語動詞與邏輯主語是 TOC o 1-5 h z 被動關系，用過去分詞。答案A。對比： Seeing from the top of the tower, we can find the south foot of the mountain is a sea of trees.主要：已經成為固定用法的非謂語動詞（短語）不需要

31、遵守這條附著規(guī)則 常見的的有：considering（鑒于 /考慮到）,judging by/from （從來看，依據來判斷 ），supposing that （假定），providing that （假定）,according to （依據）,including （包括）,owing to （由于）,talking/speaking of （談及）given （考慮到）,provided that （如果）.獨立主格結構和 with復合結構邏輯主語+不定式/現在分詞/過去分詞I send you 100 dollars today, the rest to follow in a year.

32、今天我先給你寄100美元。其余的錢一年內陸續(xù)寄過去。Weather permitting, I ll go to the park with my parents on Sunday.如果天氣允許，星期天我將和爸媽去公園。All things considered, the planned trip will have to be called off.考慮到所有的情況，原來計劃好的旅行不得不取消。 with（without）+賓語+不定式/現在分詞/過去分詞With a lot of difficult problems to settle ,the newlyelected preside

33、nt ishaving a hard time.有很多難題要解決新任總統(tǒng)日子可不好過！Without anything to eat, he died of hunger.由于沒有東西吃，他餓死了。The Yangtze river is very busy with so many boats and ships coming and going every day.每天長江上各種船只來來往往顯得格外忙碌。Without any more time given, we couldnt finish the task in three weeks.如果不另給我們時間的話，我們三星期之內完成不了

34、任務。With everything well arranged, he left the office.一切都安排妥善之后，他離開了辦公室。（七）不定式的省略不定式的省略我們可以分作兩種，一種是對不定式符號“ to”的省略 （如：makesb. dosth等）；另一種則是不定式符號“ to ”后省略實義動詞的形式。這兒講的是第二種情況（又稱不定式符號to的替代作用）。常見情形有： would/should like/love to, used to, have to, ought to, be going to, be ableto, be willing to等后面的 to 均為不定式符號

35、，重復時可省略to后該不定式短語。如：一Could you lend me your dictionary?能把你的詞典借給我嗎？一 Id like to （lend you my dictionary）.行。動詞 afford, agree, expect, forget, hope, intend, manage, need, pretend, refuse,try, want, wish 等后面常接不定式短語作賓語，重復時可省略to后該賓語。如：You may ask him for help if you want to (ask him for help).如果你愿意，可以請他幫你。

36、動詞 allow, beg, expect, forbid, force, invite, order, permit, tell, persuade 等后面常接不定式短語作賓語補足語，重復時可省略to后該賓語補足語。如：I ll go to her birthday party if she invites me to (go to her birthday party).如果她邀請我參加她的生日聚會，我會去。(八)非謂語動詞的邏輯主語一般說來非謂語動詞的邏輯主語要么就是句子的主語或賓語，要么就是被它所修飾的中 心詞。但是有時需要明確非謂語動詞所表示動作的執(zhí)行者或承受者，這時就要標明它的邏輯

37、 主語。當動名詞短語作主語、賓語或表語時，具有名詞特性，其邏輯主語由“名詞所有格或 形容詞性物主代詞”表示，放在動名詞短語之前。當動名詞短語不在句首時，也可由 “名詞普通格或代詞賓格表示。Helen s/ Her being absent made the teacher very angry.海倫 / 她沒來上課，讓老師很生氣。They insisted on my/me speaking at the meeting.他們堅持要我在會上發(fā)言。形容詞+for + 名詞或代詞+動詞不定式形容詞通常表示事物的性質It is necessary for you to finish the work

38、 before Friday.你們有必要在星期五前做完這項工作。His idea is for us to travel in different cars.他的主意是讓我們乘不同的車去旅游。形容詞+of+名詞或代詞+動詞不定式形容詞往往表示人物的性格和特征How careless it is of him to break such a valuable vase!他真不小心，把如此貴重的花瓶打破了。It s brave of you to go into the burning building to save the baby!你真勇敢，沖進著火的大樓里救這個嬰兒（九）關于there b

39、e 的非謂語形式there be非謂語形式可在句中作主語、賓語、狀語和定語.作動詞賓語時，通常用 there to be結構，而不用there being。能這樣用的及物動詞為:expect , like , mean, intend , want , prefer , hate 等，如：We dont want there to be any comrades lagging behind.我們不希望有任何同志掉隊。They hate there to be long queues everywhere.他們不愿意處處都要排長隊。We have no objection to there b

40、eing a meeting here. 我們并不反對在這里開會。.作狀語多用there being 結構，但若置于介詞for之后要用there to beThere being nobody else at hand, I had to do by myself.由于附近沒有人，我只得獨自干了。（原因狀語）It s too early for there to be anybody up語）There having been no rain for a long time因為好長時間沒下雨了，地面非常干燥。3.作主語時兩種結構都可以，但如是用forIt is not uncommonfor

41、there to be problems of communication老人與年青人之間存在著溝通問題是很常見的。.太早了，還不會有人起床。（作程度狀,the ground was very dry.（原因狀語）引導則要用there to be.between old and young.There being a kindergarten on campus is a great convenience to female teachers.校園內有幼兒園對女教師十分方便。考點1辨別謂語與非謂語Please do me a favor my friend Mr. Smith to Yout

42、h Theater at 7:30 tonight.A. to inviteB. invitingC. inviteD. invited【解析】答案為 Co該題目把祈使句，非謂語動詞以及破折號的作用綜合到一起來進行考察查。句意：請幫我個忙一一邀請我的朋友史密斯先生今晚7點半到青年劇院。破折號后是一個祈使句。考點2非謂語動詞作各種成分的區(qū)別1.作賓語時的區(qū)別I can t stand with Jane in the same office. She just refuses talkingwhile she works.A. working , stoppingB. to work, stop

43、pingC. working,to stopD. to work , to stop【解析】答案為Co stand在這里表示“忍受”，后面要求用動名詞作賓語，而“ refuse ”要用不定式作賓語。 Isnt it time you got down to thepapers?A. markB. be markedC. being markedD.marking【解析】答案為 Dgot down to ”中的“to”是介詞因而要用動名詞作賓語，而動名詞“marking”與其邏輯主語“ you”是主動關系。There is a new problem invol ved in the popul

44、arity of private cars road conditions need.A. that, to be improvedB. which , to be improvedC. where, improvingD. when, improving【解析】答案為 Ao因為“公路狀況需要改善，“ need”后接“improving ”或“to beimproved都可以。后面的從句應是problem”的同位語，應用that 引導。 Susan wanted to be independent of her parents. She triedalone, butshe didn t li

45、ke it and moved backhome.A. livinglivedH. io liveC. to be living D.having【解析】答案為 Ao try doing sth. 意為“試著做某事；try to do sth. 意為“盡力去做某事”。句意：蘇姍不想依賴父母。她試著一個人生活，但不喜歡這樣，又搬回家 去了。All the staff in our company are considering to the city centre for the fashion show.A. to goB. goingC. to have goneD. havinggone【

46、解析】答案為 Bo consider doing 意為“考慮做某事”。.作表語時的區(qū)別Tom sounds very much in the job, but I m not sure whether he can manageit.A. interestedB. interestingC. interestinglyD.interestedly【解析】答案為 A sound”是連系動詞，應使用形容詞化的分詞作表語。C D備選項都是副詞，應排除。interest ”的現在分詞表示主語所具有的特征，意思是“令人 感興趣的”；過去分詞表示主語所處的狀態(tài)，意思是“感興趣的”。Pleas e rema

47、in ;the winner of the prize will be announced soon.A. seatingB. seatedC. to seatD. to beseated【解析】答案為 Bo seat是及物動詞，be seated=sit down。此處seated=sitting ”。 “remain seated ”保持坐著的狀態(tài)。句意為：請各位在座位上坐著；獲獎者很快就會宣布的。.作賓語（主語）補足語時的區(qū)別 The teacher asked us so much noise.A. don t makeB. not makeC. not makingD. not to

48、make【解析】答案為Do在動詞“ask”后面用不定式作賓語補足語，其否定形式是“ not to do”。一Excuse me sir, where is Room 301? Just a minute.I ll have Bob you to your roo m.A. showB. showsC. to showD. showing1解析】答案為A. have sb. do意為.命令或安排某人做某事才 .根據提供的情景可判新出讓Bob帶你到房間去.*hav。狙doing sth/表示.使某人一直處于朝狀態(tài)中. A cook will be immediately fired if he w

49、as foundin kitchen.A. smokeB. smokingC. to smokeD. smoked【解析】答案為Bo “find ”后接現在分詞作主語補足語。此句中“smoking”是主語“he”的補足語，所以稱為主語補足語。表示主動的正在發(fā)生的事。根據“ immediately 可判斷出“廚師當場被發(fā)現在廚房吸煙會被立即開除”。 To learn English well,we should find opportunities to hear Englishasmuch as we can.A. speakB. speakingC.spokenD. to speak【解析】

50、答案為C。此處考查hear+賓語+do/doing/done ”的結構。因為“ English ”是“被說“，故用過去分詞（spoken）作賓補，表示被動。4.作后置定語時的區(qū)別 If there is a lot of work,Im happy to just keep on until it is finished.A. to doB. to be doingC.doneD. doing【解析】答案為A “work”和“do”雖然存在邏輯上的動賓關系,但主語“ I ”和“ do”存在邏輯上的主謂關系，此時用“ to do ”做后置定語。 When I handed the report

51、to John, he said that George was the personA. to sendB. for sending itC. to send it toD.for sending it to【解析】答案為Co該題中須用不定式短語作后置定語，排除B和D選項；答案A項意為“送喬治這個人走”，顯然不符合題意。而應該是將報告送給“喬治這個人”才符合題意?！癷t ”指這個報告。后面的介詞“to不能少。一The last onepays the meal.Agreed!A. arrivedB. arrivesC. to arrive D. arriving【解析】答案為 Co the

52、last/next/first.后常接不定式作定語。 The Chinese are proud of the 29th Olympic Gamesin Beijing in 2008.A. holdB. holdingC. heldD. to be held【解析】答案為 Db非謂語動詞作后置定語的三種情況:the meeting to be held意為“即將召開的會議；the meeting held 意為“已經召開的會議”；the meeting beingheld是“正在召開的會議”的意思。很顯然當時（2006 年）“the 29th OlympicGames還沒有召開，故選D項。R

53、eading is an experience qui tedifferent from watching TV; thereare picturesin your mind instead ofbefore your eyes.A. to formB. formC. formingD. having formed【解析】答案為 Co根據本題提供的語境，“看書時有畫面在大腦中形成。”而句中有謂語“there are:所以本應填非謂語動詞，可排除 B項。又因為“看書的同時就會形成，排除A、D選項，故選C項作定語。 At the beginning of class, the noise of d

54、esks could be heard outside theclassroom.A. opened and closedB. to be opened and closedC. being opened and closedD. to open and close【解析】答案為 Co參看上面的例。The Town Hall in the 1800 s was the most distinguished building at thattime.A. to be completedB. having been completedC. completedD. being completed【解

55、析】答案為Co參看上面例的簡析。一Can those at ihc back of the C I U.S S room hear me? No problem.A. seatB. sitC. seatedD. sat【解析】答案為 Co “sit ”為不及物動詞，可用“ sitting ”作定語；“seat”為及物動詞， 常與反身代詞連用或用“be seated”形式。這里seat與those”構成邏輯上 的被動關系，故用其過去分詞作定語 =those who are seated 。5.作狀語時的區(qū)別He hurried to the booking office only that al

56、l the tickets has been sold out.A. to be told B. to tellC. toldD.telling【解析】答案為 Ao “only ”后接不定式表示出人意料的結果。Oil prices have risen by 32 percent since the start of the year,a recordUS $57.65 a barrel on April 4.A. have reachedB. reaching C. to reach D. to be reaching【解析】答案為 B。從句意來分析，主句部分表示油價上漲了百分之三十二，逗號

57、后面的內容為油價上漲后的必然結果“達到記錄”The storm left ,a 10t of damage to this area .A. caused B. to have caused C. to causeD. havingcaused【解析】答案為 Db因“The storm”與“cause”存在邏輯上的主動關系，故排除選項A;不定式作狀語，前面通常不用逗號，排除B、C選項；因暴風雨給這個地區(qū)“造成損失”是在“結束”之前，所以用完成式。“You can t catch me! ” Janet shouted,away.A. runB. runningC. to runD. ran【解

58、析】答案為 Bo arunning away在此作shouted”的伴隨狀語，由珍妮特發(fā)出這一動 作，故用現在分詞。to reach them on the phone, we sent an email instead.A. Fail出 辰iMllC. To failD. Havingfailed【解析】答案為Do非謂語動詞與主語構成主謂關系。且“沒有打動電話”在“發(fā)電子郵件”前已經發(fā)生。用現在分詞主動式的完成式作時間狀語。around the Water Cube, we were then taken to see the Bird s Nest forthe 2008 Olympic

59、Games.A. Having shown B. To be shownC. Having been shown D. To show【解析】答案為Co “show”與“take”之間有明顯的時間先后關系，且句子的主語與“show構成邏輯上的動賓關系，故該空格處用完成式的被動形式。in a white uniform, he looks more like a cook than a doctor.A. Dressed B. To dressC. Dressing D. Having dressed【解析】答案為Ao dress”是及物動詞，其用法為dress sb./oneself（表動作）

60、、bedressed in （表狀態(tài)）”?！癲ress”與“he”之間存在邏輯上的被動關系，故用過去分詞。into use in April 2000, the hotline was meant for residents reporting water and heating supply breakdowns.A. PutB. PuttingC. Having putD. Being put【解析】答案為 A。句子的主語是“the hotline ”與“投入使用”存在著邏輯上的被動關系， 而且表示過去的事情，所以排除D項?？键c3分詞（短語）作狀語的附著規(guī)則 Faced with a bi