高考英語(yǔ)二輪專(zhuān)題總復(fù)習(xí)精選綜合能力專(zhuān)練閱讀理解16

1、2013屆高考英語(yǔ)二輪專(zhuān)題總復(fù)習(xí)精選綜合能力專(zhuān)練：閱讀理解16THURSDAYJuly 9 ( HealthDaydiet slowed the aging process inNews) A m-w sujdy 口ui工 i.hu. kicr 3tk，iie monkeys could be the best proof yet that restricted diets might do the same for humans.“The big question in agingresearchis, Will caloric restriction in speciesclosely r

2、elated to humans slow aging said Richard Weindruch, senior authorScience .This is the first clearof a paper appearing in the July 10 issue ofdemonstration that, in a primate species, we re inducing a slowdown of the agingprocess - showing increased survival, resistance to disease, less brain atrophy

3、 and less muscle loss.“This predicts humans would respond similarly , added Weindruch, professor of medicine at the University of Wisconsin and an investigator at the VeteransHospital in Madison. Another expert noted that, despite some highly publicized studies in certain species,the linkbetween res

4、trictedeating and longer lifespanhas been far from proven.“The idea that dietary restriction extends lifespanin all species is not true.Many strains of rats and mice do not respond. In some strains, it s actuallydeleterious , “ explained Felipe Sierra, director of the biology of aging programat the

5、US National Institute on Aging (NIA), which supported the new study. Thefact that it doesn t work in some mice but it does seem to work in monkeys is surprising and it gives us hope. ”But there s a larger question: how to change humans increasingly lax eating habits.“This finding doesn t give me hop

6、e that humans are going to go into dietary r estriction , added Marianne Grant, a registered dietitian at Texas A&M Health Science Center Coastal Bend Health Education Center in Corpus Christi.語(yǔ)篇解讀這是一篇新聞報(bào)道，研究人員通過(guò)對(duì)動(dòng)物的研究證明低熱量的飲食可能會(huì) 延長(zhǎng)人的壽命。The underlined worda restricted means :.C. reservedA. limitedB.

7、 satisfiedD. fascinated解析詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第一段可知，低熱量的飲食可以延長(zhǎng)猴子的壽命，這一試驗(yàn) 證明有節(jié)制的飲食可能同樣會(huì)延長(zhǎng)人的壽命。答案AWhich of the following statements about Weindruch is true?This experiment indicates restricted diets could extend humans lifespan.Adequate sleep is another way to reduce the speed of aging process.The experiment was a

8、 failure in some species such as mice.The experiment which had been tested on humans got a great success.解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段第一句話(huà)可知答案為Ao答案AAccording to Felipe Sier ra s idea, we know that.the restricted diets experiment really had no distinct effect on rats and micehumans are finding new ways to slowdown t

9、he aging process of all the speciesthe experiment is unnecessary to be carried on because of the response of the micethe experiment confirmed that restricted diets extend lifespan in all species解析 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。從第四段的第二句Many strains of rats and mice do not respond.”可知答案。答案AIt can be inferred from the underli

10、ned sentence that.the result of the experiment shows that humans are not pigging out nowadaysnowadays humans are turning un kftll.ny dirlE IriUi上how to change humans careless eating habits is a long way to gothe experiment changed humans increasingly careless eating habits解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由畫(huà)線(xiàn)句子可知人們目前并沒(méi)有進(jìn)入到控制

11、飲食的狀態(tài)中，也就是說(shuō)要改變?nèi)藗兟唤?jīng)心的飲食習(xí)慣還有很長(zhǎng)的路要走。答案CThe author most likely wrote this text pare the two experiments on rats and monkeysillustrate the data from the researchcall on people to pay attention to their daily dietsintroduce a lively debate to amuse the reader解析寫(xiě)作目的題。作者的目的是通過(guò)介紹試驗(yàn)”低熱量的飲食可能會(huì)延長(zhǎng)人的壽 命”，呼吁人們注意控

12、制飲食。答案C長(zhǎng)難句解讀 Another expert noted that, despite some highly publicized studies in certain species, the link between restricted eating and longer lifespan has been far from proven.本句的主句為 Another expert noted that ,其中that引導(dǎo)的是一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)從句。從句 用despite表示讓步關(guān)系，后面的 far from proven 意為“遠(yuǎn)沒(méi)有得到證明”。The treadle pump is

13、based on a design developed in the 1970s by Norwegian engineer Gunnar Barnes. It can be made locally.The treadle pump is easy to build from bamboo or other wood and two metal cylinders （圓筒）with pistons （活塞）.Thepistons go up and down as a person stands on lever devices- treadles - and usesa natural w

14、alking motion.How many hours a day the pump needs to be operated depends on the season and how much water is needed for crops. It could be two hours a day. It could be seven hours a day.Small children sometimes stand withtheir parentson the treadles. Everyone inthe family can take turns operating th

15、e pump.The Acumen Fund is a nonprofit groupthat investsin businessprojectsto fightpoverty. It studied the effects of treadlepumps in theIndian stateof UttarPradesh.threeAcumenreported that families using them ate more vegetables,becausethey wereUttar Pradesh has three treadle pump manufacturers and

16、more than seventy thousand pumps.able to grow more to eat and to sell. Many of these families also drank more milk, because they bought a cow with their added earnings. Men with treadle pumps oftenno longer have to leave the farm to seek extra work in cities.their extra earnings toThe pump can also

17、improve education. Farmers often use buy books for their children or to pay for schooling.A farmer in Zambia said he hoped to have enough money in three years to buy a diesel powered pump 1柴油泵）.Then he could grow more crops over a larger area.But the world economic crisis has had an effecton some fa

18、rmers. IDE executivedirector Zenia Tata says somewho were able to buy diesel pumps now do not have enoughmoney to buy fuel. So they are using their treadle pumps again.語(yǔ)篇解讀腳踏泵因其簡(jiǎn)單、易行、實(shí)用之特點(diǎn)，正在世界的廣大貧困地區(qū)被推廣， 以幫助農(nóng)民脫貧致富，且已取得了顯著的效果。The treadle pump.is invented by an American engineeris mainly made of meta

19、lconsists of two cylinders with pistonsconsists of two cylinders with an engine解析事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第二段第一句可知答案為Co答案CWhat does the author want to tell us about the treadle pump in the second paragraph?Its history.Its working principle.Its structure.Its usage and effects.解析作者意圖題。A和D顯然不對(duì)，C有一定干擾性，但其不能概括第二句，介紹 工作原理

20、時(shí)，一般要同時(shí)介紹其結(jié)構(gòu)，故選Bo答案BIt can be inferred from the passage that.it is easy to learn how to operate the treadle pumpit is difficult to build a treadle pumpthe treadle pump is used more in winter than in summeroperating the treadle pump can keep fit解析推理判斷題。B和C與文中內(nèi)容相悖，可排除。易錯(cuò)選D,但文中沒(méi)有依據(jù)，無(wú)法推知。根據(jù)第四段，小孩也可幫忙，家庭

21、中每個(gè)人都可參與，可推知A為答案。答案AEach treadle pump manufacturer in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh has produced on average about.A. 18, 000 pumpsB. 24, 000 pumpsC. 37, 000 pumpsD. 73, 000 pumps解析數(shù)據(jù)推算題。根據(jù)第五段第三句可知，該州共三家生產(chǎn)商，共有七萬(wàn)三千多架腳踏泵，平均每家生產(chǎn)兩萬(wàn)四千架左右，故選 R答案B坪卬告 吐上廿版:1 in4仁：1: 1:口：巾h:iy h dscl ：獷配rM pi.匚p?Because h

22、e wants to grow crops on a larger scale.Because he hates to leave the farm to seek fortune in cities.BccausD a diesel powered pump is cheaper beforu.Because oil is much cheaper than before.解析事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段第二句可知答案。答案A長(zhǎng)難句解讀 IDE executive director Zenia Tata says some who were able to buy diesel pumps n

23、ow do not have enough money to buy fuel.該句為雙重復(fù)合句。主句主語(yǔ)為IDE executive director Zenia Tata ,謂語(yǔ)為says,后面為省略了 that的賓語(yǔ)從句。該賓語(yǔ)從句的主干部分為some do not have enoueh moneyto buy fuel , who were able to buy diesel pumps為定語(yǔ)從句, 修飾主語(yǔ) someIt was near dusk, and Kim Cooper and her husband, Steve, were trucking through nort

24、hern Kentucky transportation auto parts from Louisville to Detroit for a goods company. Steve, wake up ! ” she shouted. There s a truck on fire !”Inside the burning truck, Ronnie Sanders, 38, was fighting for his life. He d been running a heavy load of tractors and forklifts from Georgia to Indianap

25、olis when a van in front of him stopped suddenly in traffic on the icy road. As Ronnie bore down, he could see children in the backseat. The truck s bulk would probably protect him from the worst of the impact, but the force of 23 tons would likely crush（ 壓碎）everyone inside the van.“I figured instea

26、d of killing other people, I d just put the truck in theditch. At the bottom, rocks cut a fuel tank, which caught fire. A tree branch destroyed the windshield and knocked Ronnie unconscious. He came to life a couple of minutes later to find the cabin flames and his legs on fire.Steve dashed to Ronni

27、e, who was hanging headfirst from the passenger door. Ronnie had used his packet knife t.o cut himself free 士qh the dr:ver! s s:de seat helt.only to get his boot trapped in another one. Steve climbed into the burning cab to free him.He tried three times to pull Ronnie out before finally freeing him.

28、 But Ronnie s legs were still burning, so Steve laid him on the ground, ripped off his own shirt, and beat the flames w ith it. He d managed to drag him about 20 yards when one of rhe tnick s 150 gallon fuel ra：iks exploded.Both Steve and Ronnie paid a price for risking their lives for strangers. Ro

29、nnieOpen Roadspent two months in the hospital and received skin grafts on both of his legs. Steve suffered smoke breathing and minor burns, and shrapnel from the fuel tank explosion broke a tooth.In February, the Coopers received a Hero of the Highway award from theFoundation for rescuing an injured

30、 driver. Steve insists Ronnie is the real hero:“If he hadn t gone into the ditch,he would have hit that van. It was hisdecisionto drive off the road.“I feel pretty good about it ,says Ronnie.A lot of people couldhave beenhurt.解讀：本文為記敘文，主要講述了the Coopers 途中遇到 Ronnie開(kāi)的大卡車(chē)著火了;Steve則竭盡全Ronnie為了不造成更大的傷害，不

31、顧自身的安危，將卡車(chē)開(kāi)進(jìn)水溝里，而力救助Ronnie。According to the passage, Ronnie s putting the truck in the ditch contributes to.his concern for his own safetyhis poor driving skillthe icy roadhis concern for others lives解析細(xì)節(jié)推斷題。由文章的第三段第一句話(huà)I figured instead of killing otherpeople , I d just put the truck in the ditch.”可

32、推斷出。答案DWhat probably made Ronnie come to life after driving the truck in the ditch?The noise from the highway.The call from the Coopers.The pain from the burning legs.The heat of the fire.解析細(xì)節(jié)推斷題。根據(jù)文章的第三段最后一句話(huà)minutes later to find the cab in flames and his legs on fire.答案C3. How did Steve put out th

33、e flames in RonnieA. He beat the flames with Ronnie s shirt.He came to life a couple of利用排除法。s legs?He beat the flames with his own shirt.He put out the fire with a tank of water.He put out the fire with a bag of sand.解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第五段第二句話(huà)，Steve撕下自己的襯衫，用它來(lái)?yè)錅纾≧onnie雙腿上的）火焰。答案BWhat does the underlined w

34、ord“shrapnel in Paragraph 6 mean?A branch of a tree.A small piece of metal.A wave of the explosion.The heat of the explosion.解析詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)下文 shrapnel from the fuel tank explosion broke a tooth可知是“油箱爆炸產(chǎn)生的金屬片打碎了一顆牙”。答案BWhich of the following can be the best title of this passage?Heroes: The CoopersHeroes

35、: Roadside FlamesAccidents on the Icy RoadAccidents in the Ditch解析確定文章標(biāo)題。綜觀(guān)全文，A, C, D三項(xiàng)不夠全面；而B(niǎo)項(xiàng)即表明事故，也表明了事故中竭力營(yíng)救他人的英雄。答案BAstronauts aboard the space station Celebrated a space first on Wednesday by drinking water that had been recycled from their urine and sweat and water that condenses from exhaled

36、 air. They said “cheers” , clicked drinking bags and toasted NASA workers on the ground who were sipping their own version of recycled drinking water.The recycling system is needed for astronaut stations on the moon and Mars. It also will save NASA money because it won t have to ship up as much wate

37、r to the station by space shuttle or cargo rockets.Besides, it s importan t as the spacestation is about to expand from three people living on board to six.The recycling system had been brought up to the space station last November by space shuttle Endeavour, but it couldn t be used until samples we

38、re tested back on Earth. So when it came time to actually drink up, NASA made a big deal of it.Ihe three man cruw stood, holding their drinks Emd ccngrEi tula ted unginenrs in two NASA centers that worked on the system.“This is something that had been the stuff of science fiction , “ Barratt said be

39、fore taking a small mouthful.The taste is worth trying.”NASA deputy space shuttle manager LeRoy Cain called it“a huge milestone .The new system takes the combined urine of the crew from the toilet, moves itto a big tank, where the water is boiled off, and the vapor is collected. The restof the urine

40、 is thrown away. The water vapor is mixed with water from air condensation, and then it goes through filters. Whensix crew members are aboard it can make about six gallons from urine in about six hours.“Some people may find the idea of drinking recycled urine distasteful, but it is also done on Eart

41、h with a lot longer time between urine and the tap said Marybeth Edeen, the space station s national lab manager.The technology NASA developed for this system has already been used for quickwater purification after the 2004 Asian tsunami, Edeen said.“We are happy to have this water work through the

42、system-we re happy tohave it work through our systems , “ Barratt said.語(yǔ)篇解讀本文講的是國(guó)際空間站宇航員試飲尿液循環(huán)水。According to the text, the recycling system is important because.it makes traveling to the moon for the common person possiblewith it NASA won t need to ship any water up to the space stationit can help t

43、o meet the need for more water after the crew are expandedit protects the environment in space by reducing the amount of waste解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的it s important as the space station isabout to expand from three people living on board to six” 可知 C項(xiàng)正確。答案CWhat is the RIGHT time order of the following events

44、?The samples of the recycled water were tested on Earth.Astronauts celebrated the space first of making water from urine.The recycling system was brought up to the space station.The technology for the system was used to quickly purify water.A. a , d , c, b B. a, c, b, dC. d a c b D. d c a b解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段的The technology NASA developed for thissystem has already been used for quick water purification after the 2004 Asiants