今年的大眾傳媒的影響和力量

1、.：.；Activity 1The power and influence of the media群眾傳媒的影響和力量Two hundred years ago = 1 * GB3 , = 2 * GB3 it took several weeks for the news of the important Battle of Trafalgar to reach London. Nowadays, you can watch a terrorist = 3 * GB3 attack as it happens anywhere in the world. The communication

2、s revolution means = 4 * GB3 that we are constantly bombarded with = 5 * GB3 instant = 6 * GB3 news. This has great advantages, but it also raises = 7 * GB3 important questions.兩百年前，重要的特拉法加戰(zhàn)役的音訊到達(dá)倫敦要花好幾周的時(shí)間。今天，他可以在事發(fā)當(dāng)時(shí)看到世界上任何一個(gè)地方正在發(fā)生的恐懼襲擊。通訊革命意味著我們正不斷地遭到即時(shí)新聞的轟擊。這有益處，但也引發(fā)了一些問題。 = 1 * GB3 ago通常都跟普經(jīng)過去時(shí)

3、連用；另外還有l(wèi)ast *，如：I lived here ten years ago, but now I am living in the city.I bought a colour TV last week, but it is not working now. = 2 * GB3 句型 “It takes(took) sb. some time to do sth. 做某事需求某人多少時(shí)間如：It will take me a month to finish the task. 我將要一個(gè)月來完成這個(gè)義務(wù)。It took me an hour to go to school from

4、home.我從家到學(xué)?；艘粋€(gè)小時(shí)。這個(gè)句型有時(shí)候可以用動(dòng)詞 spend 來表達(dá)，如上面兩個(gè)句子：I will spend a month on the task.I spent an hour going to school from home. = 3 * GB3 ist 后綴，表示什么人： artist藝術(shù)家, tourist游客,feminist 女權(quán)主義者，specialist 專家，chemist 化學(xué)家； = 4 * GB3 mean:What do you mean? 他什么意思？Dont laugh, I mean it. 不要笑，我是說真的不是開玩笑。He means tr

5、ouble. 他存心鬧事。Your friendship means a lot to me. 他和我的友誼對(duì)我意義艱苦。 = 5 * GB3 be bombarded with 受轟炸的，受包圍的 = 6 * GB3 instant 快速的，立刻的：instant food 快餐，instant photo 即拍即有的相片 = 7 * GB3 raise舉起，提起，升起及物動(dòng)詞，后面需帶賓語, rise升起，提高不及物動(dòng)詞，后面不帶賓語如：He raised his voice so that everyone could hear him. 他把聲音提高以使得每個(gè)人都能聽得到他。The s

6、un is rising( from the east).太陽正從東方升起來。這里from the east 是一個(gè)狀語，并非rising的賓語。 He raised himself to shake hands with the doctor.他站起來跟醫(yī)生握手。The doctor rose to greet him.那個(gè)醫(yī)生站起來跟他打招呼。Satellites have = 1 * GB3 enabled immediate reporting worldwide. A reporter can send the news to a network like CBS News and

7、within seconds it can be all over the world. They send electronic reports that go straight into the newspaper or onto the TV screen. Reporters can now also transmit images through = 2 * GB3 their mobile phones. = 3 * GB3 Consequently, live, “on-the-spot reporting has become the norm and TV viewers c

8、an get a much better idea of what a natural disaster, a conflict or an interesting scientific discovery is like.衛(wèi)星使全球報(bào)道成為能夠。一位記者能將新聞傳到如哥倫比亞新聞網(wǎng)這樣的網(wǎng)絡(luò)上，那么只需幾秒鐘全世界都會(huì)知道這那么新聞。衛(wèi)星將電子報(bào)道直接傳送到報(bào)紙或電視屏幕。記者們?nèi)缃窨梢越?jīng)過挪動(dòng)來傳輸圖象。其結(jié)果是，現(xiàn)場(chǎng)報(bào)道成為了一種規(guī)范?？措娨暤娜藗兛梢郧宄亓私庖环N自然災(zāi)禍、一場(chǎng)沖突或一項(xiàng)有趣的科學(xué)發(fā)現(xiàn)是什么樣的。 = 1 * GB3 en-當(dāng)前綴，“置之中：encage 關(guān)入籠中； 配

9、以: enchain; 致使：enlarge 放大，使擴(kuò)展， enrich 使富有，endanger 使瀕臨危險(xiǎn)； in或加強(qiáng)的意思：enregister 登記，enbed 在床上 = 2 * GB3 through 穿過，貫穿；從頭到尾，徹底 He was running through the street. 他跑著穿過條條街道。The sunlight goes through the window. 陽光穿過窗口。I havent read through the book yet. 我還沒看完這本書。Youre through now. 他的接通了。We have been frie

10、nds so long I know you through and through. 我們是多年的朋友，我對(duì)他非常了解。be through with sb. 終了了shes through with her new boy-friend. 她跟新男朋友吹了。 = 3 * GB3 consequently ， as a result 表示因果關(guān)系的銜接詞In recent years, several changes have occurred = 1 * GB3 in the ownership of news media. Networks 原文省略了which are owned by

11、 large companies and governments have become bigger and very powerful. These networks such as BBC News 24 are hungry for = 2 * GB3 news and have huge audiences. However, there can only be a limited number of such networks and their ownership is a big issue.近幾年來，新聞媒體的一切權(quán)發(fā)生了一些變化。大公司和政府所擁有的網(wǎng)絡(luò)正越來越強(qiáng)大。這些網(wǎng)

12、絡(luò)，例如英國廣播公司的新聞24，正盼望得到新聞，擁有龐大的受眾。但這樣強(qiáng)大的新聞網(wǎng)的數(shù)量是有限的，而它們的一切權(quán)問題是有爭(zhēng)議的。 = 1 * GB3 happen, take place, occur 都有“發(fā)生之意，都是不及物動(dòng)詞或短語，不能用于被動(dòng)語態(tài)。但occur還有“存在、被發(fā)現(xiàn)、出現(xiàn)occur是比較正式的用語，可用于詳細(xì)或籠統(tǒng)的事物，通常指按方案或規(guī)律在較為確定的時(shí)間“發(fā)生的事，在表示詳細(xì)的事物時(shí)，可與happen換用。如：Im afraid that this would occur during my absence.= Im afraid that this would hap

13、pen during my absence.恐怕這事會(huì)在我不在時(shí)發(fā)生。但是，假設(shè)表示“某想法出如今人的頭腦之中，這時(shí)不能用happen替代。Dose it ever occur to you that I am sometimes thinking?我時(shí)不時(shí)想的那件事他是不是也曾再他頭腦中出現(xiàn)過？happen常指詳細(xì)事件的發(fā)生，特別指那些偶爾的或未能預(yù)見的“發(fā)生。比如：New things are happening all around us.我們身邊總有新事發(fā)生。Happen還可表示“碰巧；恰好之意。如：It happened that I had no money on me.我剛好沒錢

14、了。take place通常指“(某事)按方案進(jìn)展或按方案發(fā)生。比如：Great changes have taken place in China since.中國發(fā)生了翻天覆地的變化。此外take place還有“舉行之意。如：The meeting will take place next Friday.會(huì)議將在下周五舉行。 = 2 * GB3 be hungry for sth. 盼望某事物 I am hungry for yourSome companies = 1 * GB3 not only own TV and radio networks but newspaper grou

15、ps as well. Who decides what news to publish and what sort of “spin to put on it? Is it always objective? There are now “spin doctors who manipulate the news, emphasizing certain(某個(gè)，某些) parts and not others and as a result, much of it is not neutral. Therefore, the question of control of the media m

16、atters very much. = 2 * GB3 In some cases, the media companies are more powerful than governments. They can even influence elections. So the question is should they be controlled and id so, by whom?一些公司不僅擁有電視和廣播這樣的新聞網(wǎng)，也有報(bào)業(yè)集團(tuán)。那么由誰來決議公布哪些新聞并賦予這些新聞什么方式的言論導(dǎo)向呢？這些決議能夠總是客觀的嗎？如今有一些言論支配者經(jīng)過強(qiáng)調(diào)新聞中某些部分而不是其他部分來支配

17、新聞。最終，大部分的新聞都不能夠堅(jiān)持中立的立場(chǎng)。所以群眾媒體的控制權(quán)問題就變得很重要。某些情況下，媒體公司比政府強(qiáng)大。他們甚至可以影響大選。接下來的問題是：這樣一些媒體公司應(yīng)該遭到監(jiān)控嗎？假設(shè)答案是一定的，由誰來監(jiān)控他們呢？Activity 10Poll reveals TV news too negative民意檢驗(yàn)顯示電視新聞太消極 A recent Time / CNN poll in the USA has discovered that 75% of people agreed that the news media is “sensationalist = 1 * GB3 , 63

18、% found it “too negative and 73% said they are “skeptical about the accuracy of the news they are receiving.最近一期的時(shí)代周刊/美國有限新聞的民意檢驗(yàn)顯示75%的人贊同新聞媒體具有“煽動(dòng)性，63%的人以為它“太消極，73%的人表示對(duì)所收到新聞的“準(zhǔn)確性表示疑心。留意這段里時(shí)態(tài)的運(yùn)用和數(shù)字的表達(dá)。 = 1 * GB3 sense 覺得，視覺、聽覺、味覺v. mon sense 常識(shí)She has a keen sense of hearing. 她的聽覺很敏銳。What you say m

19、akes no sense. 他說的話沒有道理。make sense 有意義、有道理、講得通I can sense that she doesnt like the idea. 我能覺得到她不喜歡這個(gè)主意。Sensation 感受，覺得Massage produces wonderful sensations. 按摩可產(chǎn)生溫馨的覺得。Some sensation is coming back to my arm. 我的胳膊逐漸恢復(fù)了一些知覺。sensational 驚動(dòng)的，群情激動(dòng)的a sensational crime 駭人聽聞的罪案sensationalism, sensationalis

20、t = 2 * GB3 skeptical “對(duì)主張，許愿等持疑心態(tài)度，不信任的be skeptical of / about ; Suspicious “對(duì)有疑心 I am suspicious of his intention. 我對(duì)他的目的懷有戒心。 Scientists remain skeptical about the value of the research program. 科學(xué)家們對(duì)此項(xiàng)研討的意義持疑心態(tài)度。Local news programmes in the USA are = 1 * GB3 so dominated by stories of violence a

21、nd crime that other topics like government, education and the environment = 2 * GB3 are left with little airtime(廣播時(shí)間). Network broadcaster John Walters = 3 * GB3 claimed, “This lack = 4 * GB3 (shortage) of information has resulted in negative feelings towards the media.美國地方新聞節(jié)目充斥著暴力和犯罪故事。因此，其他方面如政府

22、、教育和環(huán)境的報(bào)道所占的播出時(shí)間那么很少。有線新聞播音員約翰 沃爾特聲稱， “信息的缺失導(dǎo)致人們對(duì)群眾媒體的負(fù)面心情。 = 1 * GB3 so that 太 以致 She is so beautiful that he fell in love with her at first sight. 她是如此美麗以致他看到她的第一眼就愛上她了。 = 2 * GB3 be left with 剩余，留下He was left with nothing. 他什么東西也沒有了。 = 3 * GB3 claim 要求 ：claim ownership of the land 要求這塊土地的擁有權(quán)索賠：cl

23、aim the insurance 索取保險(xiǎn)金聲稱，斷言：She claims she is related to the Queen. 她聲稱和女王有親戚關(guān)系。claim sth. back 索回 = 4 * GB3 lack 缺乏，短少不用于被動(dòng)語態(tài)v. n.They lacked the money to send him to university. 他們沒錢送他上大學(xué)。lack for sth. (need sth. ) 需求某事物They lacked for nothing. 他們什么也不缺。The project had to be cancelled for lack of

24、funds. 工程因資金缺乏而取消。Crime reports, which often serve as lead stories, make up = 1 * GB3 an average of 30.2% of news time on local TV news programmes in the USA. Media researcher Bob Smith reported, “53% of crime reports are about murder, but it is one of the least frequently = 2 * GB3 committed crimes

25、. Another media study = 3 * GB3 revealed that 42% of all local TV news broadcasts are stories about crime, disaster and war.有關(guān)犯罪的報(bào)道通常是頭條新聞，它們?cè)诿绹牡胤叫侣劰?jié)目中占用了平均30.2%的新聞時(shí)間。媒體研討員鮑勃史密思報(bào)道，“53%的犯罪報(bào)道是有關(guān)兇殺的，但兇殺只是較少實(shí)施的犯罪之一。另一項(xiàng)媒體研討顯示42%的地方電視新聞是有關(guān)犯罪、災(zāi)難和戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)的。 = 1 * GB3 make up 組成，構(gòu)成；彌補(bǔ)，化裝I will make up for you los

26、t.我會(huì)彌補(bǔ)他的損失。She spent half an hour making up before going out.她在出門前花了半個(gè)小時(shí)化裝。1consist of, be made up of, be composed of 這三個(gè)動(dòng)詞短語，雖然都表示“由構(gòu)成的意思，但 consist of 多用于提到一切參與構(gòu)成的成分時(shí)；而 be made up of 那么多用于細(xì)分一種構(gòu)造或該構(gòu)造的某一部分時(shí)；be composed of 常用于提到構(gòu)成某一構(gòu)造的資料時(shí)，或用于參與構(gòu)成的部分沒有數(shù)量限制時(shí)。例：The committee consists of ten members. 這個(gè)委員

27、會(huì)由十人組成。Animal bodies are made up of cells. 動(dòng)物的身體是由細(xì)胞組成的。Tissue is composed of cells/組織是由細(xì)胞組成的。2make up; compose 表示哪些部分組成了某個(gè)構(gòu)造。例：The forebrain, the midbrain and the hindbrain make up of the brain. /前腦、中腦和后腦組成了大腦。The pons, the cerebellum and the medulla oblongata composed the hindbrain. /腦橋、小腦和延髓組成了后腦。 = 2 * GB3 commit 犯Commit suicide, murdeOne possible reason for this is that local television news is ratings driven. Some market research suggests that viewers like to see stories of crime and violence, which inc