工業(yè)工程精益生產(chǎn)外文翻譯(共13頁)

1、大連交通大學(xué)2015屆本科生畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）外文翻譯PAGE Literature review of JIT-KANBAN systemAbstract In this paper, JIT (Just-In-Time) -KANBAN literature survey was carried out and presented.The introductory section deals with the philosophy of JIT,and the concept involved in the push and pull system. The blocking mechani

2、sms in the kanban system are also discussed elaborately. Besides these sections, the importance of measure of performance (MOP) and the application of the same with respect to JIT-KANBAN are presented. The recent trends in the JIT-KANBAN are discussed under the heading “Special cases”. In this revie

3、w, 100 state-of-art research papers have been surveyed. The directions for the future works are also presented.1 IntroductionJust -In-Time (JIT) manufacturing system was developed by Taiichi Ohno which is called Japanese “Toyota production system”JIT manufacturing system has the primary goal of cont

4、inuously reducing and ultimately eliminating all forms of wastes (Brown et al. 5,Ohno 54, Sugimori et al. 82). Based on this principle,Japanese companies are operating with very low level of inventory and realizing exceptionally high level of quality and productivity (Richard J. Tersine 62, James H.

5、 Greene 30). JIT emphasizes “zero concept” which means achievement of the goals of zero defects, zero queues，zero inventories, zero breakdown and so on. It ensures the supply of right parts in right quantity in the right place and at the right time. Hence, the old system of material acquisition and,

6、 buyer and seller relationships are changed to new revolutionary concepts (Womack et al. 91, Womack and Jones 92, Markey et al. 45). Similarly, JIT becomes an inevitable system at plant level, which integrates the cellular manufacturing, flexible manufacturing, computer integrated manufacturing and

7、Robotics (Schonberger 63, Golhar 12).Due to the technological advancement, the conventional method of push production system linked with Material Requirement Planning (MRP) was changed to pull type JIT production system to meet out the global competition, where the work-in-process (WIP) can be manag

8、ed and controlled more accurately than the push- production system (Mason Paul 46).KANBAN system is a new philosophy, which plays a significant role in the JIT production system. Kanban is basically a plastic card containing all the information required for production assembly of a product at each s

9、tage and details of its path of completion. The kanban system is a multistage production scheduling and inventory control ystem. These cards are used to control production flow sand inventory. This system facilitates high production volume and high capacity utilization with reduced production time a

10、nd work-in-process.The objectives of this paper are as listed below1) Critical review of JIT literature.2) Segregating the different research articles of JIT.3) Exploring the recent trends in JIT-Kanban system and deriving directions for future research.In this paper, the articles are reviewed and a

11、n appropriate classification is presented.The kanban study was made elaborately, since it acts as a basic communicator and feedback agent to the JIT system. Push and pull system, principle of operation of kanban cards, Blocking mechanism, Toyotas formula, and the measures of performances (MOP) are a

12、lso discussed in this paper. The latest trends in JIT-Kanban system are also addressed separately under the heading “Special cases”. Finally, the directions for future researches are presented.6.1.1 Flow shopKanban system is widely implemented in repetitive manufacturing environment. For a single ca

13、rd operational system, Sharadhapriyadarishini et al. 77 have developed two heuristics and proved that these are more efficient. Saradhapriyadarishini et al. 78 have proposed a recursive equation for scheduling the single card kanban system with dual blocking. They proposed a heuristic with twin obje

14、ctives of minimizing the sum of total weighted time of containers and weighted flow time of part-types. Rajendran 61 has done a work on two card flow shop scheduling with n part-types. In this paper, mathematical models for time tabling of containers for different problems have been formulated. Then

15、, a heuristic was developed to minimize the sumof weighted flow time, weighted earliness, and weighted tardiness of containers. Hemamalini et al. 22 have done similar work. In this work, the heuristic developed is simulated annealing algorithm. This is compared with randomsearchmethod. In these pape

16、rs, the comparisons are done only based on mean relative percentage increase. Instead of this approach, comparisons based on complete ANOVA experiments would provide reliable inference.Peter Brucker et al. 58 have carried out research on flow shop problem with a buffer of limited capacity between tw

17、o adjacent machines. After finishing the processing of a job on a machine, either the job is to be processed on the following machine or it is to be stored in the buffer between these machines. If the buffer is completely occupied, the job has to wait on its current machine but blocks this machine f

18、or other jobs. In this paper, they determined a feasible schedule to minimize the makespan using tabu search. The results of the problem using tabu search were compared with that of benchmark instances. The comparisons are done only based on relative improvements. Instead of this approach, compariso

19、ns based on complete ANOVA experiments would provide reliable inference.6.1.2 Assembly lineAssembly lines are similar to the flow shops in which assembly of parts are carried out in a line sequence. In a multi product assembly line, the sequencing of the jobs is a challenging task. Drexl et al. 16 c

20、onsidered an assembly line sequencing mixed model problem. It is a combinatorial problem. They formulated this combinational problem as integer programming model. This model can be used only for small size problems due to the limitations of operations research software with respect to handling the n

21、umber of variables and constraints, which are present in the integerprogramming model. Xiaobo et al. 94 have considered similar work on mixed model assembly line sequencing problem with conveyor stoppages. They proposed branch and bound algorithm, and simulated annealing algorithm for finding the op

22、timal solution and sub-optimal solution of the mixed-model sequencing problem, respectively to minimize the total conveyor stoppage time. The branchand- bound method was devoted to find the optimal solution of small-sized problems, whereas the simulated annealing method was used to cope with large-s

23、cale problems to obtain a good sub-optimal solution. Future, research on simulated annealing applied to this problem can be directed to establish a better seed generation algorithm. However, the practitioner should spend considerable time in fixing the parameter called temperature (T) in the simulat

24、ed annealing algorithm by trail and error method before actually solving the problem.6.1.3 Batch production systemIn a batch production system, the switching over from one product to other product depends on many factors such as stock reaching to the threshold level, different priority schemes, econ

25、omical setups, etc. Tafur Altiok et al. 86 have dealt this issue differently for the pull type manufacturing system with multi product types. In this paper, they developed an iterative procedure to approximately compute the average inventory level of each product as finished goods using different pr

26、iority schemes. In this paper, the demand arrival process is assumed to be a poisson distribution and processing times and the set-up times are arbitrarily distributed. But, in practice, the processing times may follow other distributions, viz., normal, uniform, exponential, etc. which are not exper

27、imented in this paper. Khan et al. 35 addressed the problem of manufacturing system that procures raw materials from vendors in lot and convert them into finished products. They estimated production batch sizes for JIT delivery system and designed a JIT raw material supply system. A simple algorithm

28、 was developed to compute the batch sizes for both manufacturing and raw material purchasing policies.7 JIT integration, implementation and benefitsJust-in-time is a manufacturing philosophy by which an organization seeks continuous improvements. For ensuring continuous improvements, it is necessary

29、 for any organization to implement and integrate the JIT and JIT related areas. If it is practiced in its true sense, the manufacturing performance and the financial performance of the system will definitely improve.Swanson et al. 83 have reiterated that proper planning is essential for implementati

30、on of a JIT manufacturing system and a commitment from top management is a prerequisite. Cost benefit analysis is to be studied initially with the knowledge of key items such as the cost of conversion to a JIT system and time period of conversion. Cook et al. 11, in their case study for applying JIT

31、 in the continuous process industry, show improvements in demand forecast and decrease in lead-time variability.The relationship between implementation of TQM, TPM and JIT will lead to improvement in the manufacturing performance (Kribty et al. 37). Further Huang 23 discusses the importance of consi

32、dering the integration of TPM, JIT, Quality control and FA (Factory Automization). Imai 27 believes that TQM and TPM are the two pillars supporting the JIT production system. Kakuro Amasaka 32 proposes a new JIT management system, which helps to transfer the management technology into management str

33、ategy.Fullerton et al. 65 have conducted a study in 253 firms in USA to evaluate empirically whether the degree with which a firm implements the JIT practices affects the firms financial performance. From their study, JIT manufacturing system will reap sustainable rewards as measured by improved fin

34、ancial performance. Also, they studied the benefits of JIT implementation in 95 firms in USA. They have concluded that JIT implementation improves the performance of the system, because of resultant quality benefits, time based benefits, employees flexibility, accounting simplification, firms profit

35、ability and reduced inventory level.8 ConclusionThe growing global competition forces many companies to reduce the costs of their inputs so that the companies can have greater profit margin. There are considerable advancements in technology and solution procedures in reality, to achieve the goal of

36、minimizing the costs of inputs. JIT-KANBAN is an important system, which is used in production lines of many industries to minimize work-in-process and throughput time, and maximize line efficiency. In this paper, the authors have made an attempt to review the state-of-art of the research articles i

37、n the area “JIT-KANBAN system”. After a brief introduction to push and pull systems, different types of kanban and their operating principles, blocking mechanisms, the authors have classified the research articles under JIT-KANBAN system into five major headings, viz., empirical theory, modeling app

38、roach, variability and its effect, CONWIP and JIT-SCM. Also, the authors have provided a section for special cases under JIT-KANBAN. This paper would help the researchers to update themselves about the current directions and different issues under JIT-KANBAN system, which would further guide them fo

39、r their future researches.The directions for future researches are presented below.The flow shop as well as mixed model assembly line problems come under combinatorial category. Hence, meta-heuristics viz., simulated annealing, genetic algorithm and tabu search may be used to find solution to determ

40、ine the minimum number of kanbans and other measures. In simulated annealing algorithm, researchers can aim to device a better seed generation algorithm which will ensures better starting solution. In most of the papers, comparisons are done only based on relative improvements. Instead of this appro

41、ach, comparisons based on complete ANOVA experiments would provide reliable inferences.This algorithm developed by Elizabeth Vergara et al. 18 uses only two-point crossover genetic operators. A third genetic operator may be introduced to further improve the performance of the evolutionary algorithm.

42、 The evolutionary algorithm may be modified to handle complex supply chain problem. In JIT-SCM related research works, effort should be directed to develop simulation as well as meta-heuristics to derive results under probabilistic conditions.In the work of Sarah M. Rayan et al. 69, the application

43、of single chain analysis for multiple chain operation raises an open question whether a single WIP level should be maintained for all products or individual levels for each product. Further, most of the studies use simulation. Hence, future research shall be directed to develop improved search proce

44、dures for finding WIP levels in kanban systems. As an extension to the work of Krieg et al. 38, a decomposition algorithm can be developed for multiproduct kanban systems with state dependent setups. The adaptive approach suggested by Tardif et al. 85 may be extended for multi-stage, multi-product k

45、anban system. The work of Lai et al. 41 can be extended by including more variables and elements and conducting experiments to investigate the stability of the system under various conditions such as the sudden increase in demand and random demand, experimenting on the system behaviour of different

46、types of customer and modes of manufacturing. The nested partitioned method provided by Leyuan Shi and Shuli Men 43 can be enhanced by incorporating any one or a combination of the many other heuristics viz., elaborate partitioning, sampling, backtracking scheme, simulation, etc. Then, they can be a

47、pplied to combinatorial problems of this typeAnts colony optimization algorithm is a recent inclusion to the existing meta-heuristics viz., simulated annealing algorithm, genetic algorithm and tabu search. So, a researcher can study the solution accuracy as well as required computational time of thi

48、s algorithm for his/her JIT problem of interest, which falls under combinatorial category and compare its results with the results of the other three heuristics (meta-heuristics).Source: C.Sendil Kumar, R.Panneerselvam, 2007.“Literature review of JIT-KANBAN system”.The International Journal of Advan

49、ced Manufacturing Technology, vol.32,no.5,August.pp.393-408.中文翻譯JIT看板系統(tǒng)的文獻(xiàn)(wnxin)回顧摘要(zhiyo)：在本文(bnwn)中，通過對JIT（實(shí)時）看板文獻(xiàn)的調(diào)查提交相關(guān)的報(bào)告。報(bào)告介紹部分JIT處理的理念以及概念包含了推式及拉式系統(tǒng)這些內(nèi)容，同時，對看板系統(tǒng)中的阻塞機(jī)制也進(jìn)行精心地討論。在后面各節(jié)中，介紹JIT看板的應(yīng)用程序和性能（MOP）在實(shí)施中的重要性。此外，文章也討論了JIT最近出現(xiàn)的“特殊情況”的現(xiàn)象。最后，本文通過對100個先進(jìn)國家的研究論文進(jìn)行調(diào)查，提出了未來的發(fā)展方向。1 介紹被日本稱為實(shí)時 （JI

50、T） 制造系統(tǒng)的“豐田生產(chǎn)方式”由大野耐一開發(fā)的。JIT制造系統(tǒng)是以不斷減少和最終清除各種各樣的廢物為主要目標(biāo)（布朗等人 5，大野54，蘇格莫里等人82）?；谶@一原則，日本企業(yè)保持非常低的庫存，實(shí)現(xiàn)極高的質(zhì)量和生產(chǎn)率（理查德特斯恩62，詹姆斯H格林30）的經(jīng)營水平。JIT強(qiáng)調(diào)“零概念”，這意味著零缺點(diǎn)、零隊(duì)列、零庫存、零故障等目標(biāo)需要實(shí)現(xiàn)。它可以在適當(dāng)?shù)奈恢煤瓦m當(dāng)?shù)臅r間，確保供應(yīng)正確數(shù)量的部件。在此基礎(chǔ)上，把重大收購，舊系統(tǒng)更改以及買方和賣方的關(guān)系作為新的革命理念來研究（沃馬克等，沃馬克91，和瓊斯92，馬凱等人45）。同樣，JIT在工廠運(yùn)營中成為不可避免的制造系統(tǒng)，該系統(tǒng)擁有單元制造，柔性

51、制造，計(jì)算機(jī)集成制造和機(jī)器制造（舍恩伯格63，格蘭翰12）。技術(shù)的進(jìn)步以及滿足全球競爭的需要，將傳統(tǒng)的推動生產(chǎn)系統(tǒng)與物料需求計(jì)劃（MRP）結(jié)合，形成拉式JIT生產(chǎn)系統(tǒng)。在那種情況下，可以對拉式制造系統(tǒng)生產(chǎn)的制品（WIP）進(jìn)行良好的管理和控制（梅森保羅46）?？窗逑到y(tǒng)是一個新的理念，在JIT生產(chǎn)系統(tǒng)中起著重要作用?？窗寤旧习诿總€生產(chǎn)階段，是一種在完成裝配中需要很多細(xì)節(jié)信息的塑料卡。同時，看板系統(tǒng)也是一個需要多階段生產(chǎn)計(jì)劃和庫存控制的系統(tǒng)。這些塑料卡用來控制生產(chǎn)過程中多余的庫存。系統(tǒng)看板的使用可以提高產(chǎn)量和利用率，減少在工作過程中的生產(chǎn)時間。 本文的目標(biāo)是如下所示：（1）嚴(yán)格審查JIT文獻(xiàn)（

52、2）在不同文章中，研究JIT的區(qū)別（3）探討JIT看板系統(tǒng)的最新趨勢和未來研究方向本文在精心審查和研究的基礎(chǔ)上對提出的看板進(jìn)行適當(dāng)?shù)姆诸?，因?yàn)樽鳛橐环N在代理人使用它后需要進(jìn)行反饋的JIT系統(tǒng)。本文還討論看板卡，豐田公式，攔截機(jī)制，如何實(shí)施看板應(yīng)用程序和性能（MOP）的措施和推拉系統(tǒng)的工作原理，也包括文章中JIT看板系統(tǒng)最新“特殊情況”的處理。最后，對未來的研究提出了方向。6.1.1 流水作業(yè)(zuy)看板系統(tǒng)是在重復(fù)(chngf)生產(chǎn)環(huán)境中廣泛實(shí)施。單卡看板業(yè)務(wù)(yw)系統(tǒng)可以分成兩個被證明具有很高效率的啟發(fā)式（薩拉德哈勃利亞達(dá)等人77）。同時，他們提出單卡看板業(yè)務(wù)系統(tǒng)與雙阻塞的遞歸方程（薩拉

53、德哈勃利亞達(dá)等人78），還提出利用啟發(fā)式部分加權(quán)流量時間的總和計(jì)算最小化總加權(quán)時間。然而，他在兩個單卡流水車間做了N個啟發(fā)式部分類型的調(diào)度工作（拉基杰萊61）。本文針對不同的問題，例如以盡量減少計(jì)算在加權(quán)時間早到和加權(quán)時間遲到這兩種模型下的加權(quán)總和為目標(biāo)而開發(fā)了一種啟發(fā)式算法，提交不同的數(shù)學(xué)模型報(bào)告。另外，他們也做了類似的工作（赫馬馬利尼等人22）。在這項(xiàng)工作中，開發(fā)的啟發(fā)式算法被稱為模擬退火算法。通過與其他算法的比較，在相對的基礎(chǔ)上只能得到平均增幅，而不是基于在實(shí)驗(yàn)的基礎(chǔ)上用完整的方差比較分析得出可靠的推論。他們對兩個相鄰的計(jì)算機(jī)之間關(guān)于容量有限的緩沖區(qū)流水作業(yè)問題進(jìn)行了研究（彼得布魯克等人

54、58）。在計(jì)算機(jī)上完成作業(yè)的處理后，接著，要處理在指定計(jì)算機(jī)之間的緩沖區(qū)中存儲的任務(wù)。如果緩沖區(qū)被完全占用，那當(dāng)前計(jì)算機(jī)上作業(yè)只有在阻止這臺機(jī)器的其它工作情況下實(shí)施。在本論文中，他們已確定一個可行的時間表，用來盡量減少在最大完工時間里使用禁忌搜索。使用禁忌搜索產(chǎn)生的問題可以通過比較基準(zhǔn)來反映結(jié)果。該比較基準(zhǔn)只是基于相對改善，而不是在實(shí)驗(yàn)的基礎(chǔ)上通過完整的方差比較分析得到可靠的推論。6.1.2 裝配線商店在經(jīng)營某些部分時進(jìn)行類似流動裝配線組裝的排序。在有多產(chǎn)品組裝線情況下，排序工作是一項(xiàng)艱巨的任務(wù)。它被認(rèn)為是一種混合模式裝配線排序問題，也是一個組合的問題，他們制定了這個整數(shù)規(guī)劃模型組合解決相應(yīng)的

55、問題（蒂萊爾等16）。該模型只可用于解決小規(guī)模問題，是因?yàn)橛邢嚓P(guān)處理變量的限制，這也是目前運(yùn)籌學(xué)軟件受到整數(shù)規(guī)劃模型組合的限制。然而，他們已經(jīng)考慮到類似混流裝配線排序有輸送時停頓問題現(xiàn)象出現(xiàn)，提出了尋求最優(yōu)解和次優(yōu)的混合模式排序問題的解決方案，在總補(bǔ)時階段分別采用分支和模擬退火算法使得排序最小化（劉曉波等人94）。分支定界算法是專門尋找最優(yōu)解解決小型問題，而模擬退火法處理規(guī)模大的問題取得了良好的次優(yōu)的解決方案。今后，規(guī)模大的問題適用于模擬退火研究，同時，還可以建立一個更好的遺傳算法。不過，實(shí)際上在確定之前，學(xué)者應(yīng)該花費(fèi)相當(dāng)長的時間對模擬退火算法錯誤方法進(jìn)行跟蹤并且得出解決參數(shù)調(diào)用限度的問題。6

56、.1.3 批量生產(chǎn)系統(tǒng)在一個批次的生產(chǎn)體系中，從一種產(chǎn)品轉(zhuǎn)換到其他(qt)產(chǎn)品依賴實(shí)現(xiàn)增值的水平，不同的優(yōu)先配置計(jì)劃，合理的經(jīng)濟(jì)設(shè)置等許多因素。他認(rèn)為拉式制造系統(tǒng)可以處理產(chǎn)品多種不同類型的問題（塔夫艾提克等86）。在本論文中，他們制定了使用一個不同的迭代過程來計(jì)算近似每個產(chǎn)成品庫存平均水平的優(yōu)先配置計(jì)劃。還要求被假設(shè)處理的時間和設(shè)置時間是任意泊松分布的。但是，在實(shí)踐中，處理時間可能跟隨其他(qt)的分布，如正常，均勻，指數(shù)等，這些不屬于本文研究。他們討論了關(guān)于不少廠商從采購原料，并轉(zhuǎn)換成成品的產(chǎn)品這過程中的制造系統(tǒng)問題，估計(jì)JIT在配送系統(tǒng)中生產(chǎn)批量的大小，設(shè)計(jì)了JIT的原料供應(yīng)體系（漢等35）。就這樣一個簡單的算法被