【高考英語(yǔ)】2020-2022屆三年上海市浦東新區(qū)高三模擬試卷專項(xiàng)突破專題02 閱讀理解（含解析）

1、PAGE 第PAGE 頁(yè)碼21頁(yè)/總NUMPAGES 總頁(yè)數(shù)21頁(yè)【高考英語(yǔ)】2020-2022屆三年上海市浦東新區(qū)高三模擬試卷專項(xiàng)突破專題02 閱讀理解上海市浦東新區(qū)2022屆高三一模英語(yǔ)試卷Section BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the on

2、e that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)For 38-year-old Justin Herald, the journey to wealth began one Sunday morning at a church in Sydneys northwest, when he was involved in a quarrel with a member of the church choir. You have an attitude problem,

3、she told him.The accusation rked something in him, and he borrowed $50 from his brother to have four T-shirts printed with the slogan: I dont have an attitude problem; you have a perception problem.It was the best $50 I ever spent, laughs Herald. By the end of the morning, he had sold three of the f

4、our T-shirts. With the money he made, he had another six printed, then 12, then 24. That first year the earning were $98,000, he says.His business, Attitude Inc., is now a multi-million-dollar company with a wide range of products selling in 3,500 stores across Australia. His business was due to not

5、 just clever marketing - the public loved the slogan - but also he has to admit that in those days there was very little competition in his sector of the clothing industry, and he was in the right place at the right time.The media spotlight also helped, with people paying attention to Heralds likeab

6、le personality and infections passion for his business: the night of one TV appearance, 187 stores rang to get his products into their stores.Herald sold the business three years ago, by which time it was turning over $30 million a year, and now spends his time as a motivational speaker. His message

7、: anyone can be financially successful if they set their mind to it. You have to have a lot of stickability, because not everything is going to work the way you plan it.Still living in Castle Hill with his wife and two children, Herald believes too many successful people become caught up in the trap

8、pings of wealth. I have lived here since I left school at 16, he says. In this area, you dont forget where you came from.56. Why does Herald think it was the best $50 he ever spent?A. Because that sum of money covered the cost of four T-shirtB. Because that sum of money showed his accusation was wro

9、ng.C. Because he received that sum of money when he was in need.D. Because he gained more than expected from that sum of money.57. According to Herald, the success of his business resulted from _.A. good timing and cooperationB. business sense and luckC. fierce competition and passionD. family backg

10、round and motivation58 The underlined word stickability （paragraph 6） is closest in meaning to _.A. competenceB. conscienceC. persistenceD. fortune59. The best title for the passage might be _A. Attitude Pays OffB. No Bravery, No GainsC. Start a BusinessD. Never Too Old to Challenge Yourself(B)The s

11、mell, the warmth, the distinct taste a good cup of coffee is what gets us through the day and helps us to unwind at the end of it. And in walks the Pod Coffee Machine. This skillful kitchen device is here for convenience.ProsCons Usually quite small-sized Cheap to buy some cost as little as 40. Good

12、 for occasional coffee drinkers, as the sealed pods keep coffee fresh. More expensive per think thanBean-to-cup coffee or beans. Coffee pods create waste, as many pods are plastic.To ensure that you get the best fix of caffeine, weve rounded up a list of what we consider the best pod coffee machines

13、 in mind.Hamilton Beach (49976) Pod Coffee MachineNespresso Pixie Espresso Pod CoffeeTwice as nice! Whether its for a quick cup on the go or a coffee date with friends, this not beverage maker gives you the option to select a single serving or to brew up a whole pot. Humble in appearance, this multi

14、-serve pod coffee maker comes with another added bonus; use the loose coffee grounds option if you prefer a brand that does not come in a pod. 21, 017 ratings$104.99 $124.87Currently unavailable. We dont know when or if this item will be back in stock.MachineDesigned to please, not only is this mach

15、ine small enough to fit in the smallest of kitchens, but the 19-bar high-pressure pump also ensures that each pod is released to ensure master-style results. Heating up in only 25 seconds, this single-serve kitchen buddy will have your cup of coffee ready in less than 2 minutes. 613 ratings$159.95Ne

16、spresso Inissia Original Pod Coffee MachineThis PREMIUM CHOICE model is ideal for small households who enjoy novel coffees that are prepared in no time at all. Or you can prepare the coffee for the go. Buy Aldi coffee pods to cut the price of your daily brew and save a dollar.And theyre all compatib

17、le (兼容) with Nespresso machines. 3676 ratings$149.95Only 10 left in stock. Order soon.$66.75 (6 Second-hand)Keuring K55 / K-Classic Pod CoffeeMachineIf the strength or weakness of your coffee is one of your greatest concern, then this machine might come in quite handy. The smaller the pot, the stron

18、ger the coffee. 2.665 ratings$118.26 $121.4360. According to the passage, pod coffee machines attract people _.A. who want to bring convenience to their kitchen lifeB. who are keen on the typical taste of Bean-to-cup coffeeC. who attach importance to the light weight of plastic machinesD. who pay at

19、tention to their carbon footprints on the environment61. If the customers is exceptionally mindful of the price, which of the following will be a good deal?A. Hamilton Beach (49976) Pod Coffee Machine.B. Nespresso Inissia Original Pod Coffee Machine.C. Nespresso Pixie Espresso Pod Coffee Machine.D.

20、Keuring K55 / K-Classic Pod Coffee Machine.62. _ is perfect for an extended family who prefer high-quality coffee.A. Hamilton Beach (49976) Pod Coffee MachineB. Nespresso Inissia Original Pod Coffee MachineC. Nespresso Pixie Espresso Pod Coffee MachineD. Keuring K55 / K-Classic Pod Coffee Machine(C)

21、Deep below the ground, radioactive elements break up water molecules（分子）, producing ingredients that can fuel subsurface life. This process, known as radio-lysis（輻射分解）, has sustained bacteria in isolated, water-filled cracks on Earth for millions to billions of years. Now a study published in Astro-

22、biology shows that radiolysis may have supported life in the Martian subsurface.Dust storms, rays in the universe and solar winds ruin the Red Planets surface. But below-ground, some life might find refuge. The environment with the best chance of habitability on Mars is the subsurface, says Jesse Ta

23、rnas, a planetary scientist at NASA. Examining the Martin underground could help scientists learn whether life could have survived there. And the best subsurface samples available today are Martin meteorites（隕石）that have crash-landed on Earth.Tarnas and his colleague evaluated the mineral makeup and

24、 radio-active element abundance in the Martin surface using satellite and rover data. They input these data into a computer model that simulated（模擬）radiolysis to see how efficiently the process would have generated hydrogen gas and other chemical ingredients that can sustain the underground bacteria

25、. The researchers report that if water was present, radiolysis in the Martin subsurface could have sustained life for billions of years and perhaps still could today.Scientists previously studied Mars radiolysis, but this marks the first estimate using Martin rocks to quantify the planets subsurface

26、 habitability. Tarnas and his colleagues also evaluated the potential richness of life in the Martin underground and found that as many as a million bacteria could exist in a kilogram of rock.The most habitable meteorite samples analysed appeared to be made of a rock type called regolith breccia. Th

27、ese are thought to come from the southern highlands of Mars, which is the most ancient area on Mars, Tarnas says.Underground life as described by this research, would require water and it remains unknown if groundwater exists on the planet, says Lujendra Ojha, a planetary scientist at Rutgers Univer

28、sity. Determining whether the Martin subsurface contains water will be an important next step, but this investigation helps to motivate that search. Ojha says, Where there is groundwater, there could be life.63. Scientists believe the Martian subsurface might be habitable probably because _.A. the M

29、artin surface absorbs rays in the universeB. radio-lysis may exist in the Martian undergroundC. radiation combines ingredients for subsurface life to surviveD. cracks in Martian meteorites overflow with bacteria64. Whats the purpose of using Martian meteorites?A. To measure the Martian habitability

30、below-groundB. To simulate the process of producing hydrogen.C. To help life find shelter from solar windsD. To explore the source of hydrogen gas.65. What can be inferred from the last 3 paragraphs?A. Tarnas was the first to study Mars radiolysis.B. The Martian underground proved to be rich in bact

31、eria.C. The southern highlands of Mars are the most habitable.D. The existence of groundwater is key to the investigation findings.66. The passage is mainly concerned with _.A. the reason for no life on the Martian surfaceB. the source of data for the study of Martian habitabilityC. the possibility

32、of Mars sustaining life through radiationD. the richness of radioactive elements below the Martian surface上海市浦東新區(qū)2021屆高三一模英語(yǔ)試卷(A)At the 4th Street Photo Gallery on the comer of the Bowery, many photos are strung together like clothes on a laundry line. There are portraits of Muhammad Ali and Jean-Mi

33、chel Basquiat, plus a series of cityscapes detailedly captured over 60 years by Alex Harsley, a neglected but talented New York photographer. The city has been Mr Harsleys home since 1948, when, aged ten, he moved there from South Carolina. He took his first photograph ten years later, and became th

34、e first black photographer to work for the citys district attorneys office. His vivid pictures freeze moments in New Yorks evolution from the 1950s to the present, “It could start with the smell of something burning/ he says of his method. And then you see a family sitting on the steps of a funeral

35、home sadly looking at the firemen going through their routine.” Some of the scenes in the collection were captured from the window of his old apartment in Harlem; they include images of black activists, streets submerged in snow and shots of the Crown Heights riots of 1991. A.D. Coleman, a photograp

36、hy critic, says Mr. Harsley has been able to capture the lives of minority groups by making himself “invisible”. His aim has been to assemble these fragments(片段) into an extended history of the city. Mr. Harsleys gallery is a time capsule. For decades, it is also a hub for the citys artistic underwo

37、rld. In the 1970s New Yorks photography scene was flourishing, but exclusive. As Mr. Harsley puts it, “a number of great artists were swept aside” because they lacked connections. Helping talent became part of his mission. In 1971 he established The Minority Photographers, an organization that helps

38、 up-and-coming artists exhibit their work. He opened his gallery two years later; many photographers have had their first shows there.56. How does the author describe Alex Harsley in the first paragraph? A. undervalued but expert B. gifted but exclusive C. unknown but devoted D. gifted but awkward 5

39、7. What does the underlined sentence mean? A. His pictures show freezing weather in New York from the 1950s to the present. B. His pictures capture the cheerful moments in New York since the 1950s. C. His pictures record some historic occasions of New York over the past decades. D. His pictures illu

40、strate the vivid lives of minority groups in New York over the past decades. 58. Why does Mr. Harsley make himself invisible? A. To assemble the minority groups of the city. B. To highlight the lives of minority groups. C. To help promising artists attract more public attention. D. To build connecti

41、ons between the minority groups and himself. 59. How did Mr. Harsley help the other artists? A. He excluded those who looked down upon the unknown artists. B. He set an organization displaying their works. C. He established the connections between up-and-coming artists and famous ones. D. He reduced

42、 the rents of the gallery where their photography works were shown. (B)TROUBLESHOOTING For possible malfunctions as described below, please contact Customer Services at 1-800-2020-123 PROBLEM POSSIBLE CAUSE SOLUTIONThe coffee is not hot. The cups were not preheated. Warm the cups by rinsing them wit

43、h hot water (N.B. you can use the hot water function).Coffee does not come out of the spouts. The spouts are blocked. Clean the spouts with a toothpick.The coffee does not come out of the spouts, but from around the service door. The holes in the spouts are clogged with dry coffee dust. The coffee g

44、uide inside the service door is blocked and cannot swing. Clean the spouts with a toothpick, sponge or hard bristled kitchen brush.Thoroughly clean the coffee guide,particularly near the hinges.The frothed milk has large bubbles. The milk is not cold enough or is not semi-skimmed. You should ideally

45、 use skimmed or semi-skimmed milk at refrigerator temperature (about 5 C). If the result is not as you wished, try changing brand of milk.The milk is not frothed(起泡). Cappuccino maker dirty. Clean as described in the section “Cleaning the cappuccino maker after use”.Steam delivery stops A safety dev

46、ice stops steam delivery after 3 minutes. Wait, then activate the steam function again.The appliance does not come on. It is not plugged into the mains socket. The main switch(A2) is not turned on. Plug into the mains socket Place the main switch in the I position.60. If the appliance doesnt work, w

47、hich of the following may be the cause? A. It has been used for many years. B. It is not plugged into the socket. C. Its temperature is too high. D. Its spouts are blocked. 61. According to the table, which of the following is true? A If coffee taste bitter, you may add some milk and sugar. B If cof

48、fee is delivered too slowly, you may wait and activate the function again. C. coffee doesnt come out of spouts, you may check them with a toothpick. D. If milk is not frothed, you may use semi-skimmed milk. 62. Where is the passage probably taken from? A. A coffee bean package. B. A cappuccino coffe

49、e machine booklet. C. A cappuccino coffee machine advertisement. D. A coffee machine quality report.(C)That easterners and westerners think in different ways is not mere prejudice. Many psychological studies conducted over the past two decades suggest Westerners have a more individualistic, analytic

50、 and abstract mental life than do East Asians. Several hypotheses (假設(shè)) have been put forward to explain this. One, that modernization promotes individualism, falls at the first hurdle: Japan, an ultra-modem country whose people have retained a collective outlook. A second, that a higher rate of infe

51、ctious disease in a place makes contact with strangers more dangerous, and causes groups to turn inward, is hardly better. Europe has had its share of plagues; probably more than either Japan or Korea. That led Thomas Talheim of the University of Virginia and his colleagues to look into a third sugg

52、estion: that the crucial difference is agricultural. The basic West crop is wheat; the Easts rice. Before the mechanization of agriculture a farmer who grew rice had to spend twice as many hours doing so as one who grew wheat. To organize labour efficiently, especially at times of planting and harve

53、sting, rice-growing societies as far apart as India, Malaysia and Japan all develop co-operative labour exchanges which let neighbors stagger their farms schedules in order to assist each other during these crucial periods. Since, until recently almost everyone alive was a farmer, it is a reasonable

54、 hypothesis that such a collective outlook would dominate a societys culture and behaviour, and might prove so deep-rooted that even now, when most people earn their living in other ways, it helps to define their lives. Mr. Talheim realized that this idea is testable. Large areas of Asia, particular

55、ly in the north, depend not on rice, but on wheat. That, as he explains in a paper in Science, let him and his team put some flesh on this theorys bones. The team gathered almost 1,200 volunteers from all over Asia and asked them questions to assess their individualism or collectivism. The answers b

56、ore little relation to the wealth of a volunteers place of origin. There was a striking correlation, though, with whether it was a rice-growing or a wheat-growing area. This difference was marked even between people from neighbouring counties with different agricultural traditions. Undoubtedly, Talh

57、eims hypothesis has pointed to a direction worth further exploration. Viewing the message from modernized countries such as Japan, Korea and Singapore, which still hold on to collectivism, perhaps we can say: Asian values-with their principles of mutual support and collective action-are only Asian b

58、ecause back in ancient times, farmers in many parts of that continent found rice a more suitable crop to grow than wheat. 63. According to the second paragraph, which statement does die author most probably agree with? A. The first hypothesis fails to justify Japans ever-keeping collectivism as well

59、 as the second. B. The exposure to plague outbreaks increases the probability of the Europeans to turn back to individualism. C. Modernized Japan stays close to collectivism as firmly as Europe maintains individualism in the times of plague. D. Neither modernization, as with Europe, nor the once pre

60、vailing plague, as with Japan, gives any evidence that promotes individualism. 64. What does the underlined word “stagger” probably mean? A. arrange events so that they do not happen at the same time B. help something to develop more strongly because its about to collapse C. plan or organize somethi