語法復習主從復合句

1、 主 從 復 合 句定語從句 （Attributive Clause）名詞性從句（Noun Clause）狀語從句（Adverbial Clause）主從復合句:關系代詞：關系副詞：that （主、賓、表；可指人或物）which（主、賓、表、定；只指物）who （主、賓；只指人）whom （賓；只指人） whose（定；可指人或物） as （主、賓、表） but（主、賓）when （時間狀語）where （地點狀語）why （原因狀語）定語從句 （Attributive Clause）as的用法:1. 引導非限制性定語從句, 其先行詞多為整個主句; as位置比較靈活, 可位于主句前或主句后，還

2、可以插入主句中。Eg.) As we all know (=_ ), smoking does harm to health.=Smoking does harm to health, as we all know.=Smoking, as we all know, does harm to health.= _ is known to all _ smoking does harm to health.As is known to allItthat2. 若先行詞前有_ 作修飾語, 通常用as 作關系代詞。Eg.) Last term our maths teacher set so dif

3、ficult an examination problem _ none of us worked out. Last term our maths teacher set so difficult an exam problem _ none of us worked it out. You should give the watch to Lily. This watch is the same _ she lost yesterday. Im going to buy the same watch _ he bought the other day. ( that; as; which;

4、 like )the same, so, suchasthatthatasit “介詞+關系詞 ” 引導定語從句:Eg.) The palace _ I often pay a visit dates from the 17th century. The students, most _ are from the north, are not used to the winter in Shanghai. We all stood on the top of the high building, _ we could see the whole city.A. to which B. from

5、 that C. from where D. which to whichof whom介詞的選擇: 一看先行詞; 二看與從句謂語動詞的搭配; 三看整個句子的意思.關系代詞作定語： 例: He wont want to eat it unless hes really hungry, in _ case hell eat almost anything. A. what B. that C. whose D. whichEg.) Tom spent four years in college, during _ time he learned French. I called him by t

6、he wrong name, for _ mistake I should apologize.A mental patient is one _ mind is diseased.The students are working hard at English, _ _ _ _ is known to all. whichwhichwhosewhose importance importance/ the importance of which / of which the判斷關系代詞和關系副詞:Eg.) I still remember the day _ / _ _ we first m

7、et. Ill never forget the day _ we spent together. That is the reason _ he explained to us for his action. The reason _ / _ _ he was fired was _ ( because, that ) he was careless. I like to take my vacation in the mountain, _ is quiet and beautiful. I like to take my vacation in the mountain, _ there

8、 are many plants.whenon which (that/which)(that/which)whyfor whichthatwhichwhereIs there a bus stop around which I can take a No. 3 bus?_whereEg.) You are saying that everyone should be equal, and this is _ I disagree. (NMET 2004)A. why B. where C. what D. howwhere 用法知多少: Where bees are, there is ho

9、ney. ._ others are weak, he is strong. Its none of your business where I spend my vacation. 地點狀語從句名詞性從句Ex.) Finally we reached _ was once an old temple _ the villagers used as a school. A. where; that B.what; where C. what; which D. there; whichWhere名詞性從句（Noun Clause） 主語從句 （Subject Clause）表語從句 ( Pre

10、dicative Clause) 賓語從句 （Object Clause）同位語從句 （Appositive Clause）Noun clause:We all have a firm belief that hard work can make up for a lack of intelligence.Women are playing an important role in what used to be considered “mens territory”.Did it ever occur to you that we should move to a warm climate?

11、Thats where a change is needed.that hard work canmake up for a lack of intelligence.whatused to be considered “mens territory”that we should move toa warm climatewhere a change is needed同位語從句主語從句表語從句賓語從句從句必須使用陳述語序名詞性從句中的“that”Eg.) It happened that it was raining heavily.I wish that she would underst

12、and me.The reason was that he felt unwell.The news that we have been invited to the conference is encouraging. (比較: The news that he heard is a rumor.)There is no doubt that he is an excellent scholar.Word came that he would arrive late.同位語從句:Eg.) He told me that he enjoyed his stay here and he want

13、ed to settle down.We took it for granted the expenses would be low.I promised if anyone come to set me free, I would make him king over the earth.They told me once again this would never happen again.he never did such a thing I simply cant believe.在名詞性從句中, 我們要掌握that的三個要點: 1. 無詞義; 2. 在從句中不作任何成分; 3. 可

14、省略或不可省略的情況。1. 在_ 從句中, that一般均不可以省略。thatThatthatthatthat2. 在賓語從句中主語、表語和同位語, 在下列情況中that不可以省略：what從句的功能:Eg.) I dont understand ( ) all he has said mean.( ) was once regarded impossible has become a reality.Our hometown is not ( ) it used to be. I have no idea ( ) we should do next.Years of hard work ma

15、de her ( ) she is now.After years of hard work, she was made ( ) she is now.whatwhatWhatwhatwhatwhatOur hometown is not what it used to be.= Our hometown is not the same _ it used to be.= Our hometown is different from _ it used to be.= Our hometown is not the one _ it used to be.aswhatthatwhat從句的功能

16、:Eg.) I dont understand ( ) all he has said mean.( ) was once regarded impossible has become a reality.Our hometown is not ( ) it used to be. I have no idea ( ) we should do next.Years of hard work made her ( ) she is now.After years of hard work, she was made ( ) she is now.whatwhatWhatwhatwhatwhat

17、Ex.)The small mountain village _ we spent our holiday last month lies in _ is now part of Hubei.A. which; where B. where; what C. that;which 注意: 1. 在很多情況下, what不能簡單地譯為“什么”, 應根據(jù)具體語境, 具體理解。 2. what 和whatever引導名詞性從句的區(qū)別: what可以表示the thing(s) 等特指含義; 而whatever相當于anything that, 強調(diào) “無論什么” 。 Its generally co

18、nsidered unwise to give a child _ he or she wants.Eg.) Are you still thinking about yesterdays game? Oh, thats _ makes me feel excited. whateverwhatHoweverno matter + wh-/ how 與 wh-ever/however的區(qū)別:Eg.) No matter who knocks, dont open the door. No matter how hot it is, he will not take off his coat.

19、Ill just say whatever comes to my mind. Whatever (= What ever ) are you doing there?Whoever狀語從句（Adverbial Clause）時間狀語從句地點狀語從句原因狀語從句方式狀語從句結(jié)果狀語從句目的狀語從句條件狀語從句讓步狀語從句比較狀語從句時間狀語從句 when, while, as ; the moment/minute/instant; immediately/directly/instantly; hardly/scarcely when; no soonerthanbefore, after;

20、until/till, notuntil;as soon asevery/each/any/next/last time/the first timeonce, since地點狀語從句 原因狀語從句where, whereverbecause, since, as; now (that), in that, seeing (that)方式狀語從句結(jié)果狀語從句 目的狀語從句條件狀語從句讓步狀語從句比較狀語從句as; as if, as thoughso/such that ; such that ;so thatin order that, so that, for fear that, les

21、t, in caseif, unless; in case; as/ so long as; on condition that; provided/providing; supposing/suppose; given; when, whilealthough, though; no matter +wh-/how, wh-ever/however; even if, even though; when, while，whether; than, asalthough/ as /though的用法:Which of the following is right? _A child as he

22、 is, he can tell right from wrong.Child as he is, but he can tell right from wrong.Child though he is, yet he can tell right from wrong.Child although he is, he can tell right from wrong._ (盡管我很喜歡它), I will not buy the dress._ (盡管他會嘗試), he might fail again.Much as / though I like itTry as/though he

23、wouldsince的用法: Arent you a college student? _. Its two years since I was at college.No, I am B. Yes, I am C. No, Im not D. Yes, Im notuntil & not untilEg.) It was until last year that he _.came to realize the importance of learning Englishworked as a physics teacher at a middle schoolset out to buil

24、d a new house of his ownleft his hometown for a new startA friend is never known until needed.一詞多譯的“before”:Eg.) All things are difficult before they are easy.It was a long time before I got to sleep again.It wont be long before we meet again.She had struggled to her feet before I ran over to her.Lock your bike before it gets stolen.I would shoot myself before I apologized to her.when 的典型用法:Eg.) When I called on her, she was playing the piano.2. 常用于be doing / be (just) about