課件文稿00知識(shí)庫(kù)03logical thinking

1、LOGICAL THINKING AS A CONSULTANTDURING THE COURSE OF A STUDY TEAMS ARE CONTINUALLY MOVING FROM THINKING TO DOINGThe Problem Solving ProcessOrganisingThinkingDoingGenerate hypotheses/determine analytical paths/gather informationWriteworkplanWorking Slide 2Working Slide 1Draw conclusions from dataMap

2、logical argumentFormulate mendationsFinal Slide 2Final Slide 1Provide detailedfact base for presentationGather data,do analysisSlide WritingDATA VS INFORMATIONData is .Information is .WHAT IS DATA?One competitor has significantly lower overheadsBondexs market share is 40%Bondexs corporate policies n

3、ot commonly applied across the divisionsCompetitors targeting middle segment have growing shareBondex has five divisionsData is a set of discrete pieces of informationHighLevelofAbstractionLowWHAT IS LOGIC?Argument ABondex has five divisionsCorporate policies not uniformly applied across divisionsTh

4、is is creating conflicts in the way divisional performance is reportedNeed to align performance measurement for effective comparisons of performanceLogic is the system of relationships between those pieces of informationFlow of LogicArgument BBondex has five divisionsCorporate policies not uniformly

5、 applied across divisionsThis is because some policies run counter to key divisional objectivesCorporate policies need to be redraftedIN A BROAD SENSE, ALL WRITTEN PIECES ARE LOOSELY STRUCTURED IN THE FORM OF A PYRAMIDExample Of A Written WorkBook TitleThe Zen MasterA Biography of Joe BlowChinas lea

6、ding retail strategy expertThechildprodigyWorldwide business and expert authorReaching retail heavenChapterHeadingsSubsectionsParagraphsProgressively smaller, and more easily digestible piecesALL ELEMENTS OF EFFECTIVE COMMUNICATION ARE FOUNDED ON ONE SIMPLE PRINCIPLE . tailoring the information to y

7、our audiences perspectiveWHAT IS THE COMMON PERSPECTIVE OF OUR AUDIENCES ?Your audience wants To be clear on the mended path of actionTo take in what we are saying quickly and easilyTo have confidence in the validity of the materialThis is fulfilled by Action initiatives are immediately obviousTrans

8、parently clear progression of ideasAbsolutely convincing supportBUT, IN CONVENTIONALLY STRUCTURED DOCUMENTS CONCLUSIONS ARE BURIED AT THE ENDS OF SECTIONSA Conventional StructureTitle:Chapters:Subsections:Paragraphs:Sale of the siteRelocation of plant and machineryReallocation of staffAsset Deployme

9、nt: Plant No. 7Sale of site will generate RMB x BnSOLUTION: CREATE A LOGICAL STRUCTURE - THE PYRAMIDFrom the Data .Golden Leaf Corp.Plant manager can replace retiring PM at Urumqi plantLocation provides valuable advantages to two prospective buyersPackaging machines can replace slower, low tech mach

10、ines at UrumqiOperators can be absorbed at Artux where throughput is growingCentral For Double Happiness Inc. distribution outletsHarbin HoldingsThere are three prospective buyers for the sitesThese advantages are worth between RMB and RMB to eachMixing and filling equipment can be sold to private l

11、abel suppliersSale of site will release RMB to RMB BnAdjacent to flour mill for Harbins bakery lineForemen and Chemist can be allocated to the new Beihai plantAll of No. 7 plants assets can be effectively redeployedAll staff can be retained for new positions in the new or higher capacity plantsDoubl

12、e Happiness Inc.Therefore sale of site will release between RMB and RMB Bn Most plant and machinery can be sold or relocated . to the StorylineTHE LOGICAL PYRAMID IS THE BEST STRUCTURE FOR PRESENTING INFORMATION-BASED MATERIALThe essence of the argument is consistently extracted out of the body of d

13、etailConclusions raised prominently to the top of each sectionPresenting the material in a pre-interpreted form for easy assimilationEvery conclusion is grounded in a sound logical basisCREATING A LOGICAL STRUCTURE FRAMEWORKKey message:Sections:Subsections:Paragraphs:Structure consists of a logical

14、frameworkApplied Pyramid StructureTO TEST THE SOUNDNESS OF YOUR PYRAMID STRUCTUREAre the groupings at each level mutually exclusive ?Does each summary point completely and validly summarise the components of the group below it ?Do the components of each group interrelate logically i.e. either . as a

15、 list of reasons, steps, pieces of evidence etcor. a chain of ideas that leads to a “therefore” conclusionNOW ITS YOUR TURNGolden Leaf Corp.Plant manager can replace retiring PM at Urumqi plantLocation provides valuable advantages to two prospective buyersPackaging machines can replace slower, low t

16、ech machines at UrumqiOperators can be absorbed at Artux where throughput is growingCentral For Double Happiness Inc. distribution outletsHarbin HoldingsThere are three prospective buyers for the sitesThese advantages are worth between RMB and RMB to eachMixing and filling equipment can be sold to p

17、rivate label suppliersSale of site will release RMB to RMB BnAdjacent to flour mill for Harbins bakery lineForemen and Chemist can be allocated to the new Beihai plantAll of No. 7 plants assets can be effectively redeployedAll staff can be retained for new positions in the new or higher capacity pla

18、ntsDouble Happiness Inc.Therefore sale of site will release between RMB and RMB Bn Most plant and machinery can be sold or relocatedIN LOGICAL STRUCTURES THE HEADINGS ARTICULATE THE KEY CONCLUSIONS WITHIN EACH PARTICULAR SECTIONLogic Structure For Plant No. 7Key Message:Sections:Subsections:Paragrap

19、hs:Sale of the site will release RMB Bn?All plant and machinery can be relocated at other minesAll staff can be retrained for new positions in the expanding divisionsAll of Plant 7s assets can be effectively redeployedStructure consists of a logical frameworkTHE LOGIC PYRAMID FOR PLANT NO. 7All of P

20、lant No. 7s assets can be effectively redeployedSale of site will release RMB to RMB BnMost plant and machinery can be sold or relocatedAll staff can be retained for new positions in the new or higher capacity plantsThere are three prospective buyers for the sitesThe location provides valuable advan

21、tages to two buyersThese advantages are worth between RMB and RMB to eachTherefore sale of site will release between $ and $Mixing and filling equipment can be sold to private label suppliersPackaging machines can replace slower, low tech machines at UrumqiGolden Leaf Corp.Harbin HoldingsDouble Happ

22、iness Inc.Central For Double Happiness Inc. distribution outletsAdjacent to flour mill for Harbins bakery linePlant manager can replace retiring PM at UrumqiForemen and Chemist can be allocated to the new Beihai plantOperators can be absorbed at Artux where throughput is growingHOW TO CONSTRUCT A PO

23、WERFUL PYRAMID LOGIC1.Begin by addressing the question that generated the project or module. Position the answer to that question at the top of your storyline2.Group your ideas into “MECE”Mutually exclusive . collectively exhaustive groupingsand formulate assertions which summarise each group of ide

24、as3.Map out the thought line in a logic tree4.Link the ideas within each grouping viaInductive or . deductive lines of reasoningClarity of argumentSoundness of argumentTHE LEAD THOUGHT SHOULD DIRECTLY ADDRESS THE QUESTION WHICH GENERATED THE PROJECT/MODULEProcess For Determining The Leading Thought

25、Of A PyramidWhat is the subject I am considering?What is the central question my audience poses about that subject?What is my answer to that question?My answer to that question forms the leading thought which governs my pyramid and the structure of my presentationClosure of Plant No. 7Can Plant No.

26、7s assets be redeployed effectively after closure?YesPlant 7s assets can be redeployed effectively after closure of the mineTHERE ARE TWO FORMS OF REASONING TO APPLY (I)Inductive ReasoningDeductive ReasoningA list of steps, reasons, pieces of evidence etc. for a statementWe must reduce our delivery

27、timeCustomers are demanding it-70% would pay more for less than 3 day service-60% will switch suppliers for 30% increase in speedCompetitors are providing it-Yukohmana can deliver in 1.5 days-Hawazaki can deliver in 2 daysWe must reduce costs to protect profitsWorld cotton prices will remain low for

28、 2-3 yearsWith these prices, we will be unprofitable at current cost levelsTherefore we must take steps to reduce costsTHERE ARE TWO FORMS OF REASONING TO APPLY (II)Inductive ReasoningDeductive ReasoningA series of ideas and evidence leading to a therefore conclusionCONCLUSIONS AT EACH LEVEL MUST CO

29、MPLETELY AND VALIDLY SUMMARISE THE MATERIAL LYING BELOW THEMMost plant and machinery can be sold or relocatedPlant manager can replace retiring PM at UrumqiForemen and chemists can be allocated to the new Beihai plantOperators can be absorbed at Artux where throughput is growingKey Message:Section:S

30、ubsections:All of Plant 7s assets can be effectively redeployedSale of the site will release RMB Bn?All staff can be retrained for new positions in new or higher capacity plantsLEARNINGS FOR RESULTING STRUCTURE OF PRESENTATIONSExample: A Presentation Outline. . . .1st Slide1st Slide1st SlideMarket Summary (map)Executive Summary1993 Performance Review1994 PlanMajor Issues DiscussionSuccinct summary of plans ability to improve current performanceSuccinct summary of performanceKey supporting points substantiating conclusion above and road map to following slidesSuc