英文翻譯單片機(jī)MCS發(fā)展應(yīng)用

1、The development and application of MCS-51MCS-51 single-chip was productedin the United States INTE companies in 1980, and compared with MCS-48 single-chip the structure of it has more advanced and more powerful, in the original basis of the circuit an increase of more units and directive amounted to

2、 111, MCS-51 single chip can be regarded as very successful product, until now, MCS-51 series or compatible single-chip applications is still the mainstream product, colleges and universities and professional schools, training materials remained in line with the MCS-51 single-chip, as the theoretica

3、l foundation for learning. We also carry out the representation of system models to explain. The range of MCS-51 single-chip 8031,8051 and 8751 mainly includes products such as GM, its main function is as follows: 8-bit CPU 4kbytes program memory (ROM) 128bytes of data memory (RAM) 32 Article I / O

4、port 111 command line. Most of the 21 single-byte instruction register 2 dedicated programmable timer / counter interrupt source 5, a two-priority, full-duplex serial communication port to external data memory address space for external 64kB program memory address space for 64kB-bit addressing logic

5、 operation function 40PinDIP dual in-line package Single +5 V Power Supply MCS-51 with its typical structure and improve the special registers of the bus centralized management, operation of a large number of logic functions and bit-oriented control rich instruction set, called for the generation of

6、 crew, the other single-chip microcomputer for later laid the foundation for the development. Because of its superior performance and improve the structure, resulting in the subsequent many manufacturers use or make reference to more than its architecture, there are many of the worlds largest maker

7、of electrical and enriched and developed the MCS-51 microcontroller, such as PHILIPS, Dallas, ATMEL, etc. well-known semiconductor companies are compatible with the introduction of the MCS-51 microcontroller products, and even Chinas Taiwan WINBOND also compatible with the development of C51 (it use

8、d to be referred to as MCS-51 If there is no special statement C51, both with the mean MCS-51 Series single-chip) microcontroller varieties. C51 obtained in recent years the development of rapid, C51 origin INTEL as a result of the company was busy developing high-end PC and not on the microprocesso

9、r to continue to develop their own single-chip, and by other manufacturers to its development, is the most typical PHILIPS and ATML company, PHILIPS mainly to improve its performance, based on the original development of the high-speed I / O port, A / D converter, PWM (pulse width modulation), WDT a

10、nd other enhancements, and low-voltage, micro-power consumption, extended serial bus (I2C) and control network bus (CAN) and other functions be improved. PHILIPS Corporation C51 in the development of low-power, high speed and enhanced functionality made many contributions to the development of its f

11、irst major C51 single-chip, they save 83Cxx and 87Cxx series of parallel expansion bus, suitable for control of household appliances as a category of single-chip microcomputer of the economy. ATMEL Corporation AT89Cxx introduced C51 range of compatible single-chip, to be perfectly Flash (non-volatil

12、e flash memory technology) EEPROM with 80C51 core combine the use of C51 is still the overall structure and command system, Flash can be anti-erasable program memory can effectively reduce the development costs and allow for repeated use of single-chip microcomputer. Siemens also use the core of C51

13、, C500 series has introduced single-chip, while maintaining compatibility with the C51 instructions under the premise of the performance of their products has been further improved, especially in the anti-interference performance, electromagnetic compatibility and communication control bus unique fu

14、nctions, and their products are commonly used in the working environment of the occasion. Also applies to the field of telecommunications and home appliance control. WINBOND Taiwan companies have also developed a series of C51-compatible microcontroller, and its products typically have a wealth of f

15、eatures, but also to its high quality and low price in the market also has a certain amount of points.8051 is MCS-51 series single-chip representation of products. It integrated a powerful central processing unit, including the instruments used in multiplication and division hardware, control regist

16、ers 21 dedicated, 4kB the program memory, 128 bytes of data memory, 4 groups of 8 parallel port, two 16-bit can be programming timer / counter, a full-duplex serial port, as well as the Boolean processor. MCS-51 has a relatively large address space, address line width of 16, or external data memory

17、and program memory addressing an area of 216 = 64kB, which is controlled as a single-chip is relatively large, which at the same time available on the I / O port access. In addition. MCS-51 modular structure, can be easily added to and deleted a module and instructions can be pin-compatible products

18、. Thus easy to form a serialized products. MCS-51 as a result of the almost perfect integration of the 8-bit central processing unit, processing, and central processing unit in a convenient and flexible integration of a dedicated register, the hardware increases, subtraction, multiplication, divisio

19、n, and Boolean logic processor and a variety of computing and transfer of command, which will provide a great convenience. MCS-51 instruction set of near-perfect command system contains comprehensive data transfer instructions, and improve operations of arithmetic and logic instructions, easy to ope

20、rate and control the logic of commands, the programming is very flexible and convenient. MCS-51 single-chip operate frequency is the 2-12MHz, when the oscillation frequency is 12MHz, a machine cycle is 1us should be said that the pace is relatively fast. Perfect in 8051 integrates the various interr

21、upt sources, the user can very easy to control and use of its functions, the scope of the application makes it up, it can be said to meet the vast majority of applications. MCS-51 make the main parts of micro-computer to be integrated in a heart-chip, making data transmission distance significantly

22、shorter, higher reliability, more pieces of the operating speed. Since the fall of the chip micro-computer, the functional components in the chip layout and structure of the optimization, to enhance anti-interference ability, work is also relatively stable. Therefore, in the industrial measurement a

23、nd control system, the use of single-chip is the ideal choice. Typical single-chip embedded systems, it is the best low-end device control system.MCS-51 requiring a lower level of the development environment, software is very rich in resources to introduce the features of books and software desirabl

24、e everywhere, simply equipped with a PC (personal computer - the computer is basically no configuration required), a simulation programmer to achieve product development, the early use of DOS software version, with the popularity of Windows software, almost all now use the Windows version, and a wid

25、e range of software, an array, the many varieties of single-chip, The C51 is the most abundant environmental resources, which to a great C51 user convenience.MCS-51applications ：Single-chip widely used in instruments and meters, household appliances, medical equipment, aerospace, specialized equipme

26、nt and the intelligent management in areas such as process control, can be divided into the following broad areas:1. In the smart application of instrumentation MCS-51 is small size, low power consumption, control, and expansion flexibility, miniaturization and ease of use, widely used in instrument

27、ation, the combination of different types of sensors, can be realized, such as voltage, power, frequency, humidity, temperature, flow , speed, thickness, angle, length, hardness, element, measurement of physical pressure. MCS-51 makes use of digital instrumentation, intelligence, miniaturization and

28、 functional than the use of electronic or digital circuitry even stronger. For example, precision measurement equipment (power meter, oscilloscope, and analyzer).2. In the industrial control MCU can constitute a variety of control systems, data acquisition system. Such as factory assembly line of in

29、telligent management, intelligent control of the lift, all kinds of alarm systems, and computer networks constitute a secondary control system. 3. In the application of household appliances can be said that almost all home appliances are using the MCS-51 control, electric rice from favorable, washin

30、g machines, refrigerators, air conditioners, color TV and other audio video equipment, electronic weighing and then equipment, all kinds, everywhere. 4. In the field of computer networks and communication applications in general have a modern MCS-51 communication interface, can be easily carried out

31、 with computer data communications, computer networks and in inter-application communications equipment to provide an excellent material conditions, now Basically, all the communications equipment to achieve a MCS-51 microcomputer intelligent control, from the mobile phone, telephone, mini-program-c

32、ontrolled switchboards, building automated communications system call, the train wireless communications, and then you can see day-to-day work of mobile phones, Mobile communications, such as radios. 5. MCS-51 medical equipment in the field of application of single-chip microcomputer in medical devi

33、ces have a wide range of purposes, such as medical ventilator, various analyzers, monitors, ultrasonic diagnostic equipment and hospital call systems. In addition, single-chip microcomputer in the industrial, commercial, financial, scientific research, education, defense aerospace and other fields h

34、ave a wide range of uses.Since the birth of MCS-51 after it entered the human life, such as washing machines,refrigerators, electronic toys, household appliances, such as Shoulu MCS-51, improved intelligence, increased functionality, much like people. SCM will make human life more convenient, comfor

35、table and colorful. Comprehensive above, the MCS-51 has become a computer development and application of an important aspect. On the other hand, the importance of MCS-51application also is that it fundamentally changed the traditional control system design concepts and design methods. From the past

36、must be digital or analog circuits to achieve the most functional, it is now MCS-51 software can be used to achieve the method. This software instead of hardware control technology, known as micro-control technology, is a traditional control technology revolution.MCS-51的發(fā)展和應(yīng)用MCS-51單片機(jī)是美國(guó)INTE公司于1980年

37、推出的產(chǎn)品，與MCS-48單片機(jī)相比，它的結(jié)構(gòu)更先進(jìn)，功能更強(qiáng)，在原來(lái)的基礎(chǔ)上增加了更多的電路單元和指令指令數(shù)達(dá)111條，MCS-51單片機(jī)可以算是相當(dāng)成功的產(chǎn)品，一直到現(xiàn)在，MCS-51系列或其兼容的單片機(jī)仍是應(yīng)用的主流產(chǎn)品，各高校及專業(yè)學(xué)校的培訓(xùn)教材仍與MCS-51單片機(jī)作為代表進(jìn)行理論基礎(chǔ)學(xué)習(xí)。我們也以這一代表性的機(jī)型進(jìn)行系統(tǒng)的講解。MCS-51系列單片機(jī)主要包括8031、8051和8751等通用產(chǎn)品，其主要功能如下：8位CPU 4kbytes 程序存儲(chǔ)器(ROM) 128bytes的數(shù)據(jù)存儲(chǔ)器(RAM) 32條I/O口線 111條指令，大部分為單字節(jié)指令 21個(gè)專用寄存器 2個(gè)可編程定

38、時(shí)/計(jì)數(shù)器 5個(gè)中斷源，2個(gè)優(yōu)先級(jí)一個(gè)全雙工串行通信口外部數(shù)據(jù)存儲(chǔ)器尋址空間為64kB 外部程序存儲(chǔ)器尋址空間為64kB 邏輯操作位尋址功能雙列直插40PinDIP封裝單一+5V電源供電。MCS-51以其典型的結(jié)構(gòu)和完善的總線專用寄存器的集中管理，眾多的邏輯位操作功能及面向控制的豐富的指令系統(tǒng)，堪稱為一代“名機(jī)”，為以后的其它單片機(jī)的發(fā)展奠定了基礎(chǔ)。正因?yàn)槠鋬?yōu)越的性能和完善的結(jié)構(gòu)，導(dǎo)致后來(lái)的許多廠商多沿用或參考了其體系結(jié)構(gòu)，有許多世界大的電氣商豐富和發(fā)展了MCS-51單片機(jī)，象PHILIPS、Dallas、ATMEL等著名的半導(dǎo)體公司都推出了兼容MCS-51的單片機(jī)產(chǎn)品，就連我國(guó)的臺(tái)灣WINB

39、OND公司也發(fā)展了兼容C51(人們習(xí)慣將MCS-51簡(jiǎn)稱C51如果沒(méi)有特別聲明，二者同指MCS-51系列單片機(jī))的單片機(jī)品種。近年來(lái)C51獲得了飛速的發(fā)展，C51的發(fā)源公司INTEL由于忙于開發(fā)PC及高端微處理器而無(wú)精力繼續(xù)發(fā)展自己的單片機(jī)，而由其它廠商將其發(fā)展，最典型的是PHILIPS和ATML公司，PHILIPS公司主要是改善其性能，在原來(lái)的基礎(chǔ)上發(fā)展了高速I/O口，A/D轉(zhuǎn)換器，PWM(脈寬調(diào)制)、WDT等增強(qiáng)功能，并在低電壓、微功耗、擴(kuò)展串行總線(I2C)和控制網(wǎng)絡(luò)總線(CAN)等功能加以完善。 PHILIPS公司在發(fā)展C51的低功耗，高速度和增強(qiáng)型功能上作了不少貢獻(xiàn)，當(dāng)初主要由其來(lái)發(fā)

40、展C51單片機(jī)，他們的83Cxx和87Cxx系列省去了并行擴(kuò)展總線，適合于作為家用電器類控制的經(jīng)濟(jì)型單片機(jī)。 ATMEL公司推出的AT89Cxx系列兼容C51的單片機(jī)，完美地將Flash(非易失閃存技術(shù))EEPROM與80C51內(nèi)核結(jié)合起來(lái)，仍采用C51的總體結(jié)構(gòu)和指令系統(tǒng)，F(xiàn)lash的可反擦寫程序存儲(chǔ)器能有效地降低開發(fā)費(fèi)用，并能使單片機(jī)作多次重復(fù)使用。 Siemens公司也沿用C51的內(nèi)核，相繼推出了C500系列單片機(jī)，在保持了與C51指令兼容的前提下，其產(chǎn)品的性能得到了進(jìn)一步的提升，特別是在抗干擾性能，電磁兼容和通信控制總線功能上獨(dú)樹一幟，其產(chǎn)品常用于工作環(huán)境惡劣的場(chǎng)合。亦適用于通信和家用

41、電器控制領(lǐng)域。 還有臺(tái)灣的WINBOND公司亦開發(fā)了一系列兼容C51的單片機(jī)，其產(chǎn)品通常具備豐富的功能特性，而且與其質(zhì)優(yōu)價(jià)廉在市場(chǎng)也占有一定的分額。 8051是MCS-51系列單片機(jī)中的代表產(chǎn)品，它內(nèi)部集成了功能強(qiáng)大的中央處理器，包含了硬件乘除法器、21個(gè)專用控制寄存器、4kB的程序存儲(chǔ)器、128字節(jié)的數(shù)據(jù)存儲(chǔ)器、4組8位的并行口、兩個(gè)16位的可編程定時(shí)/計(jì)數(shù)器、一個(gè)全雙工的串行口以及布爾處理器。MCS-51具有比較大的尋址空間，地址線寬達(dá)16條，即外部數(shù)據(jù)存儲(chǔ)器和程序存儲(chǔ)器的尋址范圍達(dá)216=64kB，這作為單片機(jī)控制來(lái)說(shuō)已是比較大的，這同時(shí)具備對(duì)I/O口的訪問(wèn)能力。此外，MCS-51采用模

42、塊化結(jié)構(gòu)，可方便地增刪一個(gè)模塊就可引腳和指令兼容的新產(chǎn)品。從而容易使產(chǎn)品形成系列化。 由于MCS-51集成了幾乎完善的8位中央處理單元，處理功能強(qiáng)，中央處理單元中集成了方便靈活的專用寄存器，硬件的加、減、乘、除法器和布爾處理機(jī)及各種邏輯運(yùn)算和轉(zhuǎn)移指令，這給應(yīng)用提供了極大的便利。 MCS-51的指令系統(tǒng)近乎完善，指令系統(tǒng)中包含了全面的數(shù)據(jù)傳送指令、完善的算術(shù)和邏輯運(yùn)算指令、方便的邏輯操作和控制指令、對(duì)于編程來(lái)說(shuō)，是相當(dāng)靈活和方便的。 MCS-51單片機(jī)的工作頻率為2-12MHz，當(dāng)振蕩頻率為12MHz時(shí)，一個(gè)機(jī)器周期為1us這個(gè)速度應(yīng)該說(shuō)是比較快的。 8051中集成了完善的各種中斷源，用戶可十分方便地控制和使用其功能，使得它的應(yīng)用范圍加大，可以說(shuō)它可以滿足絕大部分的應(yīng)用場(chǎng)合。 MCS-51把微型計(jì)算機(jī)的主要部件都集成在一塊心片上，使得數(shù)據(jù)傳送距離大大縮短，可靠性更高，運(yùn)行速度更塊。由于屬于芯片化的微型計(jì)算機(jī)，