人教版新高考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí)課件名詞、形容詞和副詞

1、核心語法必備專題三名詞、形容詞和副詞英 語2022高中總復(fù)習(xí)優(yōu)化設(shè)計GAO ZHONG ZONG FU XI YOU HUA SHE JI內(nèi)容索引要點精講破疑解難對點演練精準(zhǔn)提升要點精講破疑解難重點一名詞考點1名詞的數(shù) 1.可數(shù)名詞中規(guī)則的復(fù)數(shù)變化(1)一般情況下, 在詞尾直接加-s: bookbooks, mouthmouths, househouses, girlgirls。(2)以-s, -x, -ch, -sh結(jié)尾的名詞, 在詞尾加-es: glassglasses, boxboxes, matchmatches, brushbrushes。(3)以輔音字母加-y結(jié)尾的名詞, 變y為i

2、再加-es: citycities, countrycountries, partyparties, factoryfactories。(4)以-o結(jié)尾的名詞變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)時, 常在詞尾加-s, 但下列名詞要加-es: heroheroes, echoechoes, potatopotatoes, tomatotomatoes。*下列以-o結(jié)尾的名詞既可以加-es, 也可以加-s: mosquitomosquitos(mosquitoes), volcanovolcanos(volcanoes)。(5)以-f或-fe結(jié)尾的名詞變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)時, 一般需要把f或fe去掉后加-ves: selfselves,

3、 lifelives, thiefthieves, wifewives, knifeknives, leafleaves, shelfshelves, wolfwolves, halfhalves。*下列單詞可在其后直接加-s, 如beliefbeliefs, roofroofs等; 下列以-f結(jié)尾的名詞既可以去掉f加-ves, 也可以直接加-s, 如handkerchiefhandkerchiefs(handkerchieves), scarfscarfs(scarves)。2.可數(shù)名詞中不規(guī)則的復(fù)數(shù)變化 情況例詞變內(nèi)部元音manmen, womanwomen, footfeet, mous

4、emice, goosegeese, toothteeth詞尾加-en或-renoxoxen, childchildren單復(fù)數(shù)同形fish, sheep, deer, means, series,Chinese, Japanese, Swiss3.合成名詞的復(fù)數(shù)變化合成名詞在變成復(fù)數(shù)時, 通常只將里面所含的主體名詞變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù), 如果沒有主體名詞, 則將最后一部分變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)。如 son-in-lawsons-in-law, passer-bypassers-by, grown-upgrown-ups; forget-me-notforget-me-nots。4.常考的不可數(shù)名詞(1)表示物質(zhì)的不可

5、數(shù)名詞: baggage/luggage, cash, meat, paper等。(2)表示抽象概念的不可數(shù)名詞: work, knowledge, luck, scenery, traffic等。(3)其他常考的重點不可數(shù)名詞: advice, equipment, fun, furniture, progress, news等。考點2名詞的格與名詞做定語名詞所有格用來表示名詞之間的所有關(guān)系, 可分為of所有格(如a waste of time浪費時間), s所有格(如the boys book)以及雙重所有格(如a friend of my brothers)等。如果不清楚句意和結(jié)構(gòu), 考

6、生就容易將名詞所有格與名詞做定語的用法混淆。名詞做定語時可以用來修飾另一個名詞, 表示材料、類別、用途等, 做定語的名詞有以下三種情況: (1)一般用單數(shù)形式。如a stone bridge, a meeting room, an exercise book, a shoe shop。(2)man, woman要與所修飾的名詞的數(shù)保持一致。如a woman teacher, two women teachers。(3)sports, sales, clothes, goods, arts, customs等用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如a sports club, a goods train, a custo

7、ms officer, a sales manager。重點二形容詞和副詞考點1形容詞和副詞的基本用法1.形容詞和副詞的句法功能詞性功能例句形容詞在句中做定語、表語、補語和狀語(說明主語的狀態(tài)、性質(zhì)和特征等)Optimistic, she is the sort of lady to spread sunshine to people through her smile.樂觀的她是那種通過微笑把陽光傳遞給他人的女士。 副詞在句中做狀語, 修飾動詞(短語)、形容詞、副詞、介詞短語和句子等I couldnt find my way out, so I stayed there all along.

8、 我找不到出去的路, 因此我一直待在那里。提示有些副詞如fortunately, luckily, surprisingly, honestly, actually, personally 等做評注性狀語時, 往往修飾整個句子, 對整個句子進(jìn)行說明或解釋, 以表示說話人的態(tài)度與看法。這類詞通常位于句首, 常用逗號與句子分開。Surprisingly, no one in the class could work out the problem.令人驚訝的是, 班里沒人能解決這個問題。2.常用的連接性副詞(完形填空中?？? though一般用于句末, 意為 “然而, 可是”, 表示轉(zhuǎn)折besid

9、es意為 “此外, 而且”, 表示遞進(jìn)meanwhile意為 “在此期間, 與此同時”, 表示兩個動作同時發(fā)生however意為 “然而”, 表示讓步和轉(zhuǎn)折, 常用逗號與句子其他成分隔開therefore/thus/consequently意為 “因此, 所以”, 表示結(jié)果instead意為 “反而, 卻”, 表示相反moreover/furthermore/additionally意為 “此外”, 表示承接關(guān)系anyway/anyhow意為 “盡管, 即使這樣”, 表示讓步考點2比較等級的用法高考對形容詞和副詞比較等級的考查主要體現(xiàn)在兩個方面: 一是通過標(biāo)志詞than或表示比較意義的語境推出

10、用比較級或最高級; 二是考查一些固定結(jié)構(gòu)中比較級和最高級的用法。1.比較等級用法的固定句型(1)同級比較: as+形容詞/副詞的原級+as。其否定形式是 “not as/so+形容詞/副詞的原級+as”。Although he was disabled, he tried to lead as normal a life as possible.雖然他是殘疾人, 但他盡可能去過正常的生活。(2)比較級結(jié)構(gòu): 形容詞/副詞的比較級+than; more/less+多音節(jié)或某些雙音節(jié)的形容詞或副詞+than。常見的修飾比較級的詞有any, much, even, far, by far, a lo

11、t, a great deal等。The book is far more interesting than the books I have ever read.這本書比我以前讀的書有趣多了。(3)最高級結(jié)構(gòu): the+形容詞的最高級(+名詞)+比較范圍(in/of/among短語); one of the+形容詞的最高級+名詞復(fù)數(shù)。常用來修飾最高級的詞有by far, almost以及序數(shù)詞等。Jacks parents wanted him to have the best possible education.杰克的父母想讓他接受盡可能最好的教育。2.比較級的常用句型(1)結(jié)構(gòu) “比較

12、級+and+比較級” 或 “more and more+原級” 表示 “越來越”。The tickets are getting less and less expensive here.這里的票越來越便宜了。(2)結(jié)構(gòu) “the+比較級., the+比較級.” 表示 “越, 就越”。The more you listen and read, the better you write and speak.你聽和讀得越多, 你寫和說得就越好。(3)結(jié)構(gòu) “the+比較級+of(the)+名詞/代詞” 表示 “(兩者中)較的”。Of the two cameras, I would prefer

13、the smaller one, which is very easy for me to carry.這兩個照相機中, 我更喜歡較小的一個, 它很容易攜帶。3.比較級形式表達(dá)最高級的含義(1)結(jié)構(gòu) “否定詞+比較級” 表示最高級含義。Your story is perfect; Ive never heard a better one before.你的故事太完美了, 我從來沒有聽過比這更好聽的故事。(2)比較級在以下幾種結(jié)構(gòu)中均表示最高級含義: 比較級+than+any other+可數(shù)名詞單數(shù); 比較級+than+all the other+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù); 比較級+than+any of

14、 the other+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)。The Yangtze River is longer than any other river/than all the other rivers/than any of the other rivers in China.長江比中國的其他任何一條河都長。4.倍數(shù)表達(dá)法常見的倍數(shù)表達(dá)句型主要有: (1)A is+倍數(shù)+比較級+than+B(2)A is+倍數(shù)+as+原級+as+B(3)A is+倍數(shù)+the+名詞(size, length, height等)+of+B(4)A is+倍數(shù)+what引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句Smoking is harmful to

15、peoples health, killing seven times more people each year than traffic accidents.吸煙有害健康, 每年因抽煙而喪命的人比死于交通事故的多7倍。對點演練精準(zhǔn)提升.單句語法填空1.This evenings (perform) will begin at 9:00 p.m.2.The ring is one of her most treasured (possession).3.So with a group of (equal) eager young graduates, I went on my journey

16、.4.These parks contribute to a much (good) environment. 5.In fact, many people are willing to pay a little (high) price for the things that are friendly to the environment. performancepossessionsequallybetterhigher6.Jack is the (bright) pupil in the class.7.The airport added staff members to ensure

17、the (safe) of passengers and also released its travel tips recommending passengers to plan ahead to avoid heavy traffic around the holiday.8.People travel to other countries, learn other languages and cultures and gain new (experience).brightestsafetyexperiences.微語法填空1.As a child growing up in Engla

18、nd, James was always (excite) by thunderstorms. Now, he runs straight towards them as a “storm chaser”. Specialising in hurricanes and (volcano), James travels the world to shoot pictures of Earths most extreme weather events. The pictures are used by TV news channels around the world. Its a (danger

19、) job, though. He has almost been hit by flying window frames twice in the past 18 (month). However, he says the chase is always worth it for the places he has been to and the brilliant people he has met along the way.答案 excited解析 設(shè)空處在句中做表語, 修飾人, 表示 “激動的; 興奮的”, 故填形容詞excited。 答案 volcanoes解析 根據(jù)設(shè)空處前面的hurricanes提示可知, 此處應(yīng)用名詞復(fù)數(shù), 故填volcanoes。答案 dangerous解析 設(shè)空處在句中修飾名詞job, 應(yīng)用形容詞做定語, 表示 “危險的”, 故填dangerous。答案 months解析 month是可數(shù)名詞, 根據(jù)空前的18可知, 此處應(yīng)用名詞復(fù)數(shù), 故填months。2.For (thousand) of years, people have been trying to predict the weather. In ancient China, people rec