新標(biāo)準(zhǔn)大學(xué)英語(yǔ)(第二版)綜合教程 精讀1 課后參考翻譯

1、新標(biāo)準(zhǔn)大學(xué)英語(yǔ)綜合教程1課后參考翻譯Unit 1英譯漢：Today, a gap year refers mostly to a year taken before starting university or college. During their gap year, American students either engage in advanced academic courses or do some volunteer work to improve their knowledge, maturity, decision-making, leadership, independ

2、ence, self-sufficiency and more, thus improving their rsums before going to college. British and European students, however, take a much more holiday-style approach to the gap year by generally working for 36 months and then travelling around the world before college begins. This is intended to expa

3、nd their minds, personal confidence, experiences and interests prior to college. It is a much less structured approach than taken in the United States, and is generally viewed by parents as a formative year for young adults to become independent and learn a great deal of responsibility prior to enga

4、ging in university life.參考譯文：如今，間隔年最為普遍的含義是指上大學(xué)前的一年。在這一年中，美國(guó)學(xué)生或是學(xué)習(xí)高級(jí)學(xué)術(shù)類課程，或是做一些志愿服務(wù)，以此來提高自己的知識(shí)水平、成熟度、決策力、領(lǐng)導(dǎo)力、獨(dú)立性、自給自足以及多方面的能力，力求在上大學(xué)之前讓自己的簡(jiǎn)歷變得更加完善。然而，英國(guó)和歐洲的學(xué)生更傾向于把間隔年當(dāng)作假期來看待。他們通常用3-6個(gè)月的時(shí)間打打工，然后利用剩余的時(shí)間在大學(xué)開學(xué)前環(huán)球旅行。這樣，在上大學(xué)前，他們可以增長(zhǎng)見識(shí)，提升自信，豐富閱歷，培養(yǎng)興趣。與美國(guó)的間隔年不同，英國(guó)和歐洲的做法沒有那么周密的安排。家長(zhǎng)們通常把間隔年看作是年輕人成長(zhǎng)起來的一年，他們?cè)陂_始

5、大學(xué)生活之前變得獨(dú)立，并學(xué)會(huì)承擔(dān)很多責(zé)任。漢譯英：今天，很多中國(guó)的大學(xué)非常重視培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的創(chuàng)新意識(shí)和創(chuàng)業(yè)精神（entrepreneurship）。很多知名大學(xué)與多家公司建立長(zhǎng)期的合作關(guān)系。這些公司會(huì)定期從大學(xué)中錄用合格的畢業(yè)生。此外，有些校友還創(chuàng)建啟動(dòng)資金，支持學(xué)生創(chuàng)辦自己的企業(yè)。一些大學(xué)的校長(zhǎng)表示，創(chuàng)業(yè)與學(xué)習(xí)并不矛盾，鼓勵(lì)學(xué)生創(chuàng)業(yè)可以幫助他們將專業(yè)知識(shí)應(yīng)用于實(shí)踐，提升自身的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力(competitiveness）。參考譯文：Today, many Chinese universities attach great importance to cultivating innovation awa

6、reness and entrepreneurship. Many prestigious universities establish long-term relationships with a lot of companies. These companies recruit qualified graduates from the universities on a regular basis. Whats more, some alumni even create start-up funds to support students in starting their own bus

7、iness. The presidents of some universities say that doing business and studying are not in conflict and that encouraging students to set up businesses can help them put their specialized knowledge into practice and raise their competitiveness.比如，把冰糖和梨放在一起蒸是很好的藥膳，可以起到潤(rùn)肺（moisten lung）、化痰（dissolve phle

8、gm）、止咳（arrest cough）的作用。For example, pear steamed with rock sugar is a medicated diet, good for moistening the lung, dissolving phlegm and arresting cough. 藥膳不僅具有藥物的療效，還具有食物的美味。Chinese medicated diets have not only the efficiency of medicine, but also the delicacy of food. 藥膳是中國(guó)人日常飲食的重要組成部分，現(xiàn)在就連外國(guó)人也

9、開始喜愛、接受中國(guó)藥膳。They are an important part of Chinese peoples daily meals. Even people from other countries have come to love and consume Chinese medicated diets.Unit 2英譯漢：Table manners are the rules of etiquette that should be observed by diners. In the UK, the host or hostess takes the first bite afte

10、r all food is served and everyone is seated. Food should always be tasted before salt and pepper are added. It is acceptable to take some butter from the butter dish with a butter knife and put it onto a side plate. This prevents the butter in the dish from gathering bread crumbs as it is passed aro

11、und. It is impolite to reach over someone to pick up food or other items. Diners should always ask for items to be passed along the table to them. Food should always be chewed with the mouth closed. It is rude to eat noisily. Talking with food in ones mouth is also seen as very impolite. When someon

12、e has finished eating, they should place the knife and fork together on the plate and place the napkin unfolded on the table.參考譯文：餐桌禮儀是就餐者必須遵守的禮儀規(guī)范。在英國(guó)，要等到所有的飯菜端上桌、所有的就餐者都就座后，男主人或女主人才帶頭開始吃。應(yīng)該在嘗過飯菜之后再加鹽和胡椒?？梢杂命S油刀從黃油盤中取一些黃油放在小寸盤子中，這樣可以防止黃油在盤子傳遞的過程中粘上面包屑。不要探起身子隔著人去拿食物或其他東西，這樣做不禮貌。就餐者應(yīng)請(qǐng)同桌的人把需要的物品遞過來。嚼飯菜

13、的時(shí)候一定要閉著嘴, 吃飯吧唧嘴不禮貌。而且邊吃東西邊說話也是很不禮貌的行為。吃完后，應(yīng)該把刀叉放在盤子上，把用過的餐巾展開放在餐桌上。漢譯英：中國(guó)藥膳（Chinese medicated diet）源遠(yuǎn)流長(zhǎng)，是中國(guó)寶貴的文化遺產(chǎn)，也是中醫(yī)養(yǎng)生學(xué)的重要內(nèi)容。藥膳對(duì)預(yù)防疾病和強(qiáng)身健體有著顯著的功效。比如，把冰糖和梨放在一起蒸是很好的藥膳，可以起到潤(rùn)肺（moisten lung）、化痰（dissolve phlegm）、止咳（arrest cough）的作用。藥膳不僅具有藥物的療效，還具有食物的美味。藥膳是中國(guó)人日常飲食的重要組成部分，現(xiàn)在就連外國(guó)人也開始喜愛、接受中國(guó)藥膳。參考譯文：Chines

14、e medicated diets have a long history. They are part of the valuable cultural heritage of China and an important part of Chinese health study. Medicated diets have a notable effect on the prevention of diseases and improvement of physical fitness. For example, pear steamed with rock sugar is a medic

15、ated diet, good for moistening the lung, dissolving phlegm and arresting cough. Chinese medicated diets have not only the efficiency of medicine, but also the delicacy of food. They are an important part of Chinese peoples daily meals. Even people from other countries have come to love and consume C

16、hinese medicated diets.中國(guó)的父母歷來重視孩子的教育。Chinese parents pay a lot of attention to their childrens education. 他們認(rèn)為，如果孩子做事時(shí)能得到大人適當(dāng)?shù)闹笇?dǎo)，就會(huì)更愿意完成復(fù)雜的工作，因此， “手把手教”被視為教育孩子的最佳方式。They hold that children are more willing to accomplish complicated tasks if adults can give them proper guidance. Therefore, “teaching

17、 by giving step-by-step directions” is taken as the best way to educate children. 近年來，受西方教育觀念的影響，中國(guó)的父母開始注重培養(yǎng)孩子的獨(dú)立性和創(chuàng)造力。In recent years, under the influence of Western ideas of education, Chinese parents are beginning to give more priority to fostering independence and creativity in children. 他們鼓勵(lì)孩子參

18、加興趣班學(xué)習(xí)繪畫或音樂，希望孩子通過不斷的學(xué)習(xí)和探索而獲得全面的發(fā)展。They encourage their children to attend interest classes to learn painting or music. They hope that their children will become all-round individuals by constantly learning and exploring.Unit 4英譯漢：In the United States, the vast majority of Americans live with people

19、 to whom they are related by blood or marriage. Most American couples have two or three children, though larger families are not unusual. Typically, the family consists of parents and their minor children. Middle-aged and elderly people generally do not live with their married children. However, par

20、ents usually keep in close contact with their grown children. On holidays, members of the larger family group grandparents, aunts, uncles, and cousins often dine together. In the past, very few people would have liked living with their parents beyond childhood. But recently, more and more young Amer

21、ican people have been returning home after graduating from college. Some of them decide to stay home and save money while working hard toward the day they can establish a home of their own. This is a practical decision, as so much work academic and professional is needed today in order to become sel

22、f-sufficient.參考譯文：在美國(guó)，絕大多數(shù)美國(guó)人都與有血緣關(guān)系或婚姻關(guān)系的人一起生活。大部分美國(guó)夫妻有兩三個(gè)孩子，雖然更大的家庭也并不少見。一個(gè)美國(guó)家庭通常包括父母及未成年子女。中老年人一般不跟已婚子女住在一起。不過，父母常常與成年子女保持密切的聯(lián)系。假期的時(shí)候，大家庭的成員（包括祖父母、姨媽 / 姑姑、舅舅 / 叔叔及堂 / 表兄弟姐妹們等）經(jīng)常一起聚餐。過去，孩子長(zhǎng)大后很少有人愿意跟父母住在一起。但是近年來，越來越多的美國(guó)年輕人大學(xué)畢業(yè)后回家與父母同住。有些人決定住在家里，一邊努力工作一邊攢錢，直到有一天他們有能力自立門戶。這是一個(gè)現(xiàn)實(shí)的決定，因?yàn)楝F(xiàn)在一個(gè)人要想實(shí)現(xiàn)自給自足就需要

23、在學(xué)業(yè)和職業(yè)上付出大量的努力。漢譯英：中國(guó)的父母歷來重視孩子的教育。他們認(rèn)為，如果孩子做事時(shí)能得到大人適當(dāng)?shù)闹笇?dǎo)，就會(huì)更愿意完成復(fù)雜的工作，因此， “手把手教”被視為教育孩子的最佳方式。近年來，受西方教育觀念的影響，中國(guó)的父母開始注重培養(yǎng)孩子的獨(dú)立性和創(chuàng)造力。他們鼓勵(lì)孩子參加興趣班學(xué)習(xí)繪畫或音樂，希望孩子通過不斷的學(xué)習(xí)和探索而獲得全面的發(fā)展。參考譯文：Chinese parents pay a lot of attention to their childrens education. They hold that children are more willing to accomplish

24、 complicated tasks if adults can give them proper guidance. Therefore, “teaching by giving step-by-step directions” is taken as the best way to educate children. In recent years, under the influence of Western ideas of education, Chinese parents are beginning to give more priority to fostering indep

25、endence and creativity in children. They encourage their children to attend interest classes to learn painting or music. They hope that their children will become all-round individuals by constantly learning and exploring.Unit 5英譯漢：Social networking sites are an important part of life in the US. Abo

26、ut two-thirds of American adults online use social media platforms such as Facebook, Twitter, MySpace or LinkedIn. Connecting with family members and friends is a primary consideration in their adoption of social media tools. Some media users go to these sites in order to stay in touch with current

27、friends and family members, while others try to connect with old friends theyve lost touch with. Sharing hobbies or interests, making new friends, reading comments by public figures and finding potential romantic partners are also among the reasons for using social networking sites. Social networkin

28、g sites can also serve as information networks where people share information with other users. Instead of searching through a news source such as the website of The New York Times or ESPN that caters to all people, a person can check their Twitter account and find out about their favourite teams sc

29、ores and news.參考譯文：社交網(wǎng)站是美國(guó)人生活的重要組成部分。有大約三分之二的美國(guó)成年網(wǎng)民使用像臉書、推特、我的空間或領(lǐng)英這樣的社交媒體平臺(tái)。與家人和朋友聯(lián)系是他們使用社交媒體工具的首要因素。一些社交媒體用戶到這些網(wǎng)站上去是為了與現(xiàn)在的朋友和家人保持聯(lián)系，有的人則是為了聯(lián)系已失去聯(lián)系的故友。分享共同的興趣愛好、結(jié)交新朋友、閱讀公眾人物的評(píng)論、尋找潛在的浪漫情緣也是人們使用社交網(wǎng)站的原因。社交網(wǎng)站也可以用作信息網(wǎng)站，人們可以在社交網(wǎng)站上與網(wǎng)友分享信息。要想了解自己喜愛的球隊(duì)的比賽得分和消息，人們可以登錄他們的推特賬戶去查看，而不用搜索面向大眾群體的信息網(wǎng)，如紐約時(shí)報(bào)的官網(wǎng)或娛樂與體育

30、節(jié)目電視網(wǎng)。漢譯英：最近的調(diào)查顯示，中國(guó)手機(jī)網(wǎng)民的數(shù)量超過電腦網(wǎng)民，網(wǎng)民的手機(jī)上網(wǎng)率高達(dá)85.8。手機(jī)已成為繼電視、廣播、報(bào)紙、雜志之后的第五大媒體。中國(guó)人通過手機(jī)上網(wǎng)，享受微博、微信、播客（podcast）等新媒體所帶來的便利與好處。新媒體生動(dòng)、實(shí)時(shí)、互動(dòng)的特點(diǎn)吸引了大批的年輕人。微信朋友圈讓人們能夠經(jīng)常與朋友互動(dòng)交流，而播客則滿足了人們表達(dá)自我、張揚(yáng)個(gè)性的需要。參考譯文：A recent survey indicated that the number of people accessing the Internet by mobile phone has overtaken the nu

31、mber of Internet users on computers. Online access on mobile phones has risen to 85.8%. The mobile phone has become the fifth mass medium after the traditional four media: television, radio, newspapers and magazines. With online access by mobile phone, Chinese people are enjoying the convenience and

32、 benefits of all kinds of new media like MicroBlog, WeChat, and podcasts. The vividness, real-timeness and interactivity of such media have attracted many young people. While WeChats circle of friends enables people to communicate and interact frequently with friends, podcasts meet peoples need for

33、self- expression and displaying individuality.unit 8英譯漢：Yoga is a physical, mental and spiritual practice or discipline originated in India. But B. K. S. Iyengar ( 艾揚(yáng)格) is believed to be the person who helped make yoga popular in the West. Iyengar was born into a poor family. His childhood was plagu

34、ed by malaria, influenza and tuberculosis. Doctors predicted he would not live past 20. After being introduced to yoga at the age of 16, it took the young man six years to fully regain his health. In 1952 the violinist Yehudi Menuhin ( 耶胡迪 梅紐因) met Iyengar in India and then brought him to London. Iyengar t