2022年《跨文化交際》網(wǎng)上作業(yè)題及答案

1、0859 跨文化交際第 1 批 填空題 10. Like the Japanese, the Chinese also prefer written _ that would appear too general to American or French negotiators. 參考答案： 10. agreements 填空題 9. The differences in feminine and masculine styles of communication frequently lead to in cross-gender interaction.參考答案： 9. gender 填

2、空題 8. Edward Hall alerts us to the invisible aspects of culture and nonverbal communication, which he calls as dimension ” .參考答案： 8. silentlanguage ” and hidden 填空題 7. People from cultures schedule several activities at the same time, and time for them is more flexible and more human-centered. 參考答案：

3、 7. P-time 填空題 6. communication expresses meaning or feeling without words.參考答案： 6. Nonverbal 填空題 5. Beauty is only _ deep. 參考答案： 5. skin 填空題 4. Understanding and appreciation of differences among cultures in cognitive processing and problem solving is a major step toward successful _ communication.

4、 參考答案： 4. intercultural 填空題 3. There is nothing more embarrassing than ones compliments hurting others _ to different cultural values. 參考答案： 3. due 填空題 2. The purpose of the greeting is to _ social contact, not to transfer information. 參考答案： 4. establish 填空題 1. In daily verbal communication, there a

5、re many _ ways one must observe in order to maintain smooth cross-cultural interaction.參考答案： 1. routine 判定題 10. High uncertainty and anxiety hinder effective intercultural communication to a different extent.參考答案：正確 判定題 9. The Eastern view of the universe is characteristically dualistic, materialist

6、ic, and lifeless while the Western view is profoundly holistic, dynamic, and spiritual. 參考答案：錯誤- 1 - 判定題 8. Due to the cultural differences, interpreting in intercultural encounters is possible but difficult. 參考答案：正確 判定題 7. Cultural differences can generate positive impacts on negotiation as people

7、can learn from each other.參考答案：錯誤 判定題 6. A lady might be feminine, masculine or a combination of both. 參考答案：正確 判定題 1 5. Environment is one of the five study areas that nonverbal communication covers. 參考答案：正確 判定題 4. Dragon” means the same to the Westerners as 龍” to the Chinese. 參考答案：錯誤 判定題 3. Sometim

8、es the Chinese way of showing modesty must be considered as fishing for compliments. 參考答案：正確 判定題 2. All cultures require and value politeness, but the ways in which politeness is achieved may vary significantly. 參考答案：正確 判定題 1. All people of the same nationality will have the same culture. 參考答案：錯誤第 2

9、 批 論述題 Define the following terms: 1. Nonverbal communication2. Body language/Kinesics 3. world view4. the Judeo-Christian tradition- 2 - 5. knowledge6. stereotype參考答案：1. Nonverbal communication is the process by which nonverbal behaviors are used, either singly or in combination with verbal behavio

10、rs, in the exchange and interpretation of messages within a given situation or context. 2. Body language refers to the meaning representing devices as facial expressions and eye behaviors, gestures, and postures. A comprehensive world view or worldview is the fundamental 3. cognitive orientation of

11、an individual or society encompassing natural philosophy; fundamental existential and normative postulates; or themes, values, emotions, and ethics 4. Judeo.Christian sometimes written as Judaeo.Christian refers to a set of beliefs and ethics held in common by Judaism and Christianity. It is a commo

12、n term in American cultural and political rhetoric. 5. Knowledge is defined by the Oxford English Dictionary as i expertise, and skills acquired by a person through experience or education; the theoretical or practical understanding of a subject; ii what is known in a particular field or in total; f

13、acts and information; or iii awareness or familiarity gained by experience of a fact or situation. 6. A stereotype or stereotypes is a commonly held public belief about specific social groups or types of individuals. The concepts of stereotype and prejudice are often confused with many other differe

14、nt meanings. Stereotypes are standardized and simplified conceptions of groups based on some prior assumptions. 第 3 批 論述題 Define the following terms. 1. nonverbal communication 2. culture shock 3. gender 4. stereotype 5. body language參考答案：1. Nonverbal communication is the process by which nonverbal

15、behaviors are used, either singly or in combination with verbal behaviors, in the - 3 - exchange and interpretation of messages within a given situation or context.2. Culture shock is precipitated by the anxiety that results from losing all our familiar signs and symbols of social intercourse. The m

16、ain cause re shock is displacement from our home” culture. This lack of of cultu common experiences and familiar surroundings creates varying degrees of consequences.3. Gender and sex are not synonymous. Sex is determined by genetics and biology, while gender is produced and reproduced by society. S

17、ocieties create meanings of gender; in turn, individuals become gendered as they embody social prescriptions in their personal identities.4. Stereotype is a complex form of categorization that mentally organizes our experiences and guides our behavior toward a particular group of people. There are a

18、 number of reasons that stereotypes, as a form of classification, hamper intercultural communication.5.Body language refers to the meaning representing devices as facial expressions and eye behaviors, gestures, and postures. 論述題 Analyze the following cases ,and then answer the given questions.Case 1

19、 How would you explain the Directors behavior toward Katherine. How would you make the Director understand why Katherine felt frustrated and angry. Katherine came to Beijing in 1998 and found a job as an English teacher in a foreign language institute. Soon after her classes began, she found that he

20、r students showed no interest in her teaching style. Quite a few of them avoided attending her class. She was feeling quite upset and discouraged so she decided to ask the Director, Prof. Wang reviewed his timetable and suggested they meet at ten o clock on Thursday morning. When Thursday came, Kath

21、erine arrived at Prof. Wang office at the exactly ten o clock finding him talking with another teacher in Chinese. Seeing that she had come, Prof. Wang smiled and gestured her to sit down. Katherine sat down and the professor excused himself and continued to talk with the other teacher. After five m

22、inutes, he finished his - 4 - conversation, and apologized to Katherine, and began to focus his attention on her situation. Prof. Wang showed great concern and asked her what the problem was. Just as she was discussing her problem, another Chinese teacher interrupted, with a form that required the D

23、irector s signature. The Director smiled, apologized to Katherine again, and turned to talk with the Chinese teacher in Chinese. Katherine became impatient, and wondered why their discussion should be interrupted since she had made an appointment. Also, she was upset and frustrated that they continu

24、ed to speak Chinese in front of her. Although their talk continued, she was apparently unhappy about what had happened. Case 2 Why does Jay refuse to ask his professor or classmen to clarify the directions for his paper. Jay is having difficulty in writing a paper for his communication class, becaus

25、e hes not sure what the professor wants. When he mentions this to his friend Ellen, she suggests he ask the professor or a classmen to clarify directions. Jay refuses, saying I can figure it out on my own” .參考答案：2. In this case, Jays unwillingness to ask others for help in understanding his assignme

26、nt is a sign of his masculine emphasis on independence. As some scholars point out rather humorously, men invariably resist asking directions when they are lost in the road while women do not hesitate to ask strangers for help. What we have discussed about gender identity help us understand this dif

27、ference. Because women initially develop identity within the first relationships have an undertone of danger-they could jeopardize independence. So Jays refusal to ask others for help reflects the masculine emphasis on maintaining autonomy and not appearing weak or incompetent. Unless Ellen realizes

28、 this difference between them, Jays behavior will continue to baffle her. 填空題 10. One of the most fundamental ways culture shapes our being is through explicit and implicit _ about our relationship to the nature of the universe and to the non-human natural world. - 5 - 參考答案： 10. teachings 填空題 9. Nat

29、ive speakers need to admit that difficulty in understanding _ also occurs among native speakers and reminds non-native speakers to be open about explanations given. 參考答案： 9. humor 填空題 8. The American _ is to conduct business in an efficient manner, while compromises may be part of the outcome. 參考答案：

30、8. norm 填空題 7. The differences in feminine and masculine styles of communication frequently lead to 參考答案： 7. misunderstanding 填空題 _in cross-gender interaction.6. communication expresses meaning or feeling without words.參考答案： 6. Nonverbal 填空題 5. Understanding and appreciation of differences among cul

31、tures in cognitive processing and problem solving is a major step toward successful _ communication.參考答案：5. intercultural 填空題 4. Compliments and compliment responses are an _ part of daily verbal communication.參考答案： 4. essential 填空題 3. Being unaware of the difference, intercultural communication _ o

32、ccurs here and there.參考答案： 3. breakdown 填空題 2. When communicating with each other, each person _ and sends messages, and in turn receives and decodes messages.參考答案： 2. encodes 填空題 1. Intercultural competence requires sufficient knowledge, suitable _, and skilled actions.參考答案： 1. motivations 單項題 10.

33、The Chinese phrase 學(xué)問分子 ” has the same meaning as intellectual” .A： T B： F - 6 - 參考答案： B 單項題 9. Although cultural stereotype has its limitations over-generalization, it still contributes to a persons cultural cognition. A： T B： F 參考答案： A 單項題 8. It is very important for nonnative speakers to learn to

34、 communicate incomprehension through idiomatic expressions as well as nonverbal gestures. A： T B： F 參考答案： A 單項題 7. We should avoid unconsciously adopting our cultural rules and norms in communication in the American or British context. A： T B： F 參考答案： A 單項題 6. In Asian cultures, signed agreements ar

35、e far less important than keeping the interdependent, interwoven organizations involved in a good relationship. A： T B： F 參考答案： A 單項題 5. The first and last principle for effective cross-gender communication is suspending judgment.A： T B： F - 7 - 參考答案： A 單項題 4. The social functions of Chinese and Eng

36、lish compliments are roughly the same. A： T B： F 參考答案： A 單項題 3. There are as many similarities as dissimilarities between English proverbs and Chinese proverbs.A： T B： F 參考答案： B 單項題 2. The Chinese way of showing concern is usually appreciated by the Westerners.A： T B： F 參考答案： B 單項題 1. Culture is a s

37、tatic entity while communication is a dynamic process. A： T B： F 參考答案： B第 4 批 判定題 8. It is very important for nonnative speakers to learn to communicate incomprehension through idiomatic expressions as well as nonverbal gestures. 參考答案：正確 判定題 7. We should avoid unconsciously adopting our cultural rul

38、es and norms in communication in the American or British context. 參考答案：正確- 8 - 判定題 5. The first and last principle for effective cross-gender communication is suspending judgment.參考答案：正確 判定題 4. The social functions of Chinese and English compliments are roughly the same. 參考答案：正確 判定題 2. The Chinese w

39、ay of showing concern is usually appreciated by the Westerners.參考答案：錯誤 判定題 1. Culture is a static entity while communication is a dynamic process. 參考答案：錯誤 判定題 9. Although cultural stereotype has its limitations over-generalization, it still contributes to a persons cultural cognition. 參考答案：正確 論述題 An

40、alyze the following casesCase 1 Why did the two Korean interpreters teachers trousers.continue to study the Chinese female In 1987, a delegation consisting of four Chinese English experts went to Pingyong Foreign Language University to train faculty to be top-level simultaneous interpreters for the

41、13 th International Youth Festival. Of the four experts, two were men and two were women. The two men were dressed in suits with ties and the two women were typically dressed in trousers and their typical business clothes. An authority from Pingyong Foreign Language University and two Korean interpr

42、eters greeted them at the Pingyong Railway Station. Surprisingly, while exchanging a few formal remarks, the two interpreters eyes consistently observed the two Chinese female teachers trousers. The younger teacher, sensed something and repeatedly checked their trousers and shoes to see if they were

43、 dirty or marked. About half an hour later, they arrived at the hotel where they would be staying during their mission. The two interpreters showed each - 9 - of them to their rooms to give them an opportunity to freshen up before the formal introductions. In a couple of minutes, the four Chinese te

44、achers gathered in one of the rooms, where the head of the university and the two interpreters introduced themselves further and briefed them on the training program. While talking, the two interpreters seemed to continue to study the two female teachers trousers. At first, they thought that the Kor

45、ean interpreters were too embarrassed to look straight in the eyes of a woman. Later this assumption was proved wrong. The four Chinese teachers remained a bit puzzled and did not know what was going onCase 2 Could you explain to Dick why Chen Liang walked into the cafeteria without waiting for him？

46、After graduating from Beijing International Studies University, Chen Liang pursued an MA program at a university in Boston, the U.S. Early in the program, he made friends with some of the American friends, Dick, asked Chen to join him in the university cafeteria. On their way they ran into Dicks gir

47、lfriend, Lisa, who was on her way to a lecture. Walking shoulder to shoulder, Dick and Lisa carried on an intimate conversation, as if they hadnt seen each other for ages. Meanwhile, Chen Liang was walking behind them, not taking part in the conversation. When they were nearing the cafeteria Lisa sa

48、id she had to leave for the lecture. Dick turned away and walked off toward the cafeteria. When Dick looked up, he saw Chen waking into the cafeteria. Dick was puzzled as to why Chen didnt wait for him, and went to the cafeteria alone. 參考答案：1. Comment: this is a typical cultural clash between Chines

49、e and Westerners. There is a great difference in the concept of appointment and its behavior pattern in different cultures. To Americans, an appointment is a confirmation to meet at a precise time. If an appointment is scheduled, both parties should respect the appointment time, it should not be int

50、errupted by other things or people. In addition, Westerners are good - 10 - timekeepers; they adhere strictly to schedules. However, Chinese view appointment in a more flexible manner. They are more causal about commitments. This difference in attitudes toward appointment was the roof of Katherine s

51、 unhappiness. Since the Director made a ten o clock appointment, he should have tried to avoid any interruption. However, when Katherine arrived on time, the Director was still talking with another teacher. When their meeting finally began, it was interrupted again. There is no wonder Katherine beca

52、me frustrated and angry. 2. Suggested answer:In public, the norms of expressing ones feeling and affections toward the opposite sex vary across culture. In Asia and some countries around the Mediterranean Sea, it is acceptable to have body contact between the same sexes in public, but not between th

53、e opposite sexes, especially in front of the friends. Chen left because he felt awkward witnessing them hugging and kissing. This shows that Dick knows nothing about the natural response of the Chinese to certain behaviors. Similarly, Chen Liangs behavior shows that he is also in the dark about Amer

54、ican behaviors. 填空題 9. In broad terms, nonverbal communication covers four areas: time language temporal language or chronemics, space language spatial language or proxemics, languagebody movement or kinesics, and paralanguage voice modulation. 參考答案：9. body 論述題 Define the following terms.1. nonverba

55、l communication 2. economic globalization 3. gender 4. linear time 5. intercultural communication competence參考答案：1. Nonverbal communication is the process by which nonverbal behaviors are used, either singly or in combination with verbal behaviors, in the exchange and interpretation of messages with

56、in a given situation or context.- 11 - 2. No country is the dominant economic force in the world. Economic expansion in globalization has resulted in multinational corporations participating in joint ventures, licensing agreements and other international business arrangements. 3. Gender and sex are

57、not synonymous. Sex is determined by genetics and biology, while gender is produced and reproduced by society. Societies create meanings of gender; in turn, individuals become gendered as they embody social prescriptions in their personal identities.4.The West views time either as an arrow or as a moving river that comes from a distant place in the past and goes to an equally distant place in the future. In this linear view of time, history is goal-directed and gradually