英語(yǔ)考研必備作文作文

1、概述：考研寫作五大訓(xùn)練法第一部分：簡(jiǎn)單詞匯升級(jí)第二部分：寫作常用詞匯總、結(jié)r布望大家多多總結(jié)補(bǔ)充）第三部分：帝用寫作句式第四部分：胡敬高分作文300句精選第五部分：寫作掇板第六部分：自己精選的范文第七部分：權(quán)或楔擬題的范文第八部分：例文斛群文章柩架概述：考研寫作五大訓(xùn)練法1精摟：仔細(xì)閱讀危文，欣賞并標(biāo)出精彩的用詞和句型，體會(huì)上下文中表達(dá)的精妙，提高對(duì)精彩語(yǔ)言的 致威度，要多寫，多記。02背誦：背精彩詞匯，背精彩句型，皆掙彩句子，背精彩框架，背精彩段落，通過背誦完成從欣賞 到掌握的過程，別人的變成自己的。3默寫：將背過的句子，段落默寫下來，檢查核對(duì)，看看是否精確掌握了每一個(gè)詞匯。04互澤：美文一

2、中文；中文關(guān)文，與原文核查核對(duì)，發(fā)現(xiàn)自已不足，糾正提嵩。使自己逐步寫 出規(guī)范的語(yǔ)言，達(dá)到和原文作者相收的水平。5效仿：在范文中學(xué)到的單詞，詞組，句型，柩架放在新的語(yǔ)境下模仿創(chuàng)作，建句寫作。在新的作文 中保留一定陽(yáng)光點(diǎn)。第一部分：簡(jiǎn)單詞匯升級(jí)（陽(yáng)光詞匯得分點(diǎn)）It is very important that- extremelyTeacher and students are as well asOne important point is being left out- vital / essentialThe advantages derived from A is more import

3、ant than the disadvantages of B -carry more weight thanThe most important reason is fundamentalA may be better than B be superior toThere is no doubt that it has 什s drawbacks as well as good points meritsIt may produce a great rise in considerable / drasticThere is every possibility that chanceLike

4、anything else,讓 has also 什s problem disadvantagesWhen the advantages and disadvantages are weighed, the most striking findings are clear. obvious / apparentAlthough the belief is that-a current study reveals that the popular view is that-, commonly-acceptedA resent study indicates thatsurvey / inves

5、tigationA new survey show thatindicate / demonstrateMost of us have been taken in by the notion thatThe majority of peopleNow in many countries, most of people-a significant proportions of the pubicSome people may say that argueAt first glance, it may seem a good idea- praiseworthyTo assume that .is

6、 nonsense. Far from being proveThe decline mainly comes from the 2ct stems fromThe success is because of several factorslargely attributable toA number of factors could lead to the failure- account forNo amount of sacrifice can make up for-, compensate forThe smallest improvement can bring about- sl

7、ightestIt is almost impossible that-* inconceivableOne of the burning questions our society face confrontNow more and more people are coming to realize-people in growing numbersGenerally speaking, studying too hard may be harmful to students-It goes w什hout saying thatThe question of -has now arisen

8、as noteworthy- issueThere is no effective approach to the problem of but-might be useful beneficialThe future is not qidte encouraging prospectHowever right the arguments may be, soundHe makes an excuse to avoid trouble fabricatesHe had great success in achievementsLet us pray for the sick, the old

9、and the poor- needyShe couldn t stop laughing at. resist.1 am surprised at his statement that-, be amazed atThe best treatment for grief is hard work remedyHe took a vow to give up alcohol abstain fromHe was sure to fail the exam if he doesn t do any revision was bound toWe feel sorry for his suffer

10、ings agonyGreat progress have been made in the field of leapsHe couldn, t explain his absence from school account forGet rid of all errors from the typescript eliminateAll our efforts were unsuccessfully- in vainFind out the thing you want to keep. Sort outHe has asked the physician about his health

11、 consultThe boy enjoys basketball-, is crazy aboutYou d better watch that 能llow. keep an eye onParents often develop their children* s taste for music, cultivate51.1 feel unable to talk with anyone about anything converse52. Your help is necessary for the success of the project indispensable1 hope t

12、o stop commuting every day long toIt changed his whole way of life modeThey live in a large room spaciousWe walk backwards and forwards on the lawn strollThey came in groups in twos and threes危害 harm-endanger/damage/threaten獲得 get obtain/acquire/derive from60、斛決 solve-settle/resolve/tackle61、問題/危機(jī)/文

13、難 problem-difficulty/crisis/disaster62, 著名的 famous -distinguished/prestigious63、充足的 enough-sufficient/adequate/abundant64、出色的 good/greatremarkable/marvelous/impressive65、嚴(yán)重的 bad serious/severe/grave66、快樂的 happydelighted/ingood mood/in high spirits67、彳艮多的 many-innumerable/countless/a large number of6

14、8、表明，揭示：Show -indicate reveal reflect, demonstrate, imply, suggest, illustrate第二部分：寫作常用詞匯總、結(jié)一、圖表寫作帝用詞匯：表格圖 table ；圖表 chart； diagram graph column楮述：show; describe; illustrate; reveal; represent數(shù)字 figure;數(shù)據(jù) statistic;百分比 percentage;比例 proportion一般 have 10%; at 20%; over 40% 在面收上 in area最高 peaks; reach

15、ed a peak/high point最低 bottomed out; reached the bottom變化 increase; jump; rise; climb; decrease; fall; drop; decline; reduce; fluctuate: remain; steady; stable; stay; same程度 sudden/suddenly; rapid/rapidly; dramatic/dramatically; significant/significantly; sharp/sharply; steep/steeply: gradual/gradua

16、lly; slow/slowly; slight/slightly; stable/stably; almost; nearly;approximately; exactly; precisely； increase by /decrease by （寫 出變化幡度）合計(jì) 200 美元 add up to $200 總數(shù)達(dá)：add up to占世界總?cè)虢痰?0% make up 20%of次增加 到 rose/grew/dimbed from-to增加到grew up to增至最高蜂：Rise to a high of減少利decrease t。跌至最低谷：drop to a low of相當(dāng)

17、于的 3 倍 three times as -.as大幅度增長(zhǎng) increase sharply 飛速rapidly； sharply； steeply 高居榜首 Top the list/head the chart餅狀圖/圓形圖（pie chart） 穩(wěn)圖下降steady decline 由組成：consist of/be made up of /be composed of 占 44%上匕例：account for/make up 44 percent 住居第一:rank the first 僅次于 is second t。居第二位：in second spot 例數(shù)第一 is the

18、last one第二大部份 rank the second/the second largest section與.相比：compared with A 與 B 成比例 A be in proportion to B差不多：About/around/roughly 多達(dá) as many as正好：Exactly/precisely 水平：level off樁狀圖（barchart；遞,增：on the rise/increase 急劇 上升：grow sharply;遞減：on the decline/decrease曲線圖（graph/chart/diagramjO; increase/gr

19、ow/rise/climb/goup段少：decrease decline I fall/ reduce1 go down聯(lián)都顯著伏懶：sharply I dramatically / significantly / rapidlyconsiderably / enormously / profoundly /substantially糧嘛 steadily I gradually/slightly髏上升修：on an increase /on the decline保擇不受：remain stable! remain steady remain unchanged上升后魏聘:reach a

20、plateau達(dá)到蹴懈：reach the loooeakfall to the bottom次赤 fluctuate rise and fall達(dá)到了： reach，approach / add up to amount to /increase to / decrease to就發(fā)生的變5 1998 sawwitnessed a sharp increase in -是 199眸的冷：was twice as many as that in 1998從圖表上看：From these graphs得到結(jié)論：draw a conclusion二、社會(huì)熱點(diǎn)詞匯（成功，誠(chéng)信，團(tuán)結(jié)，和平，環(huán)境，住房

21、，交通，就業(yè)，教育，網(wǎng)絡(luò)） 人口爆炸 population explosion計(jì)劃生育birth control加 強(qiáng)執(zhí)班 strengthen law enforcement officers大學(xué)兒童 dropout student掃 盲 eliminate ilHteracy脫貧政常 shake off poverty and set out on a road to prosperity人才 外流brain drain腐 敗和 受 賄 corruption and bribery浮 旁 風(fēng)tendency toward boasting and exaggeration青少年犯罪 juv

22、enile delinquency可持 續(xù)發(fā)展 sustainable development安居工程 housing project for low-income urban residents素質(zhì) 教育 education for all-round development知識(shí) 產(chǎn)權(quán)intellectual property fights拜 金主 義money worship保護(hù) 生態(tài);環(huán) 境preserve the ecological environment產(chǎn) 品科技 含量 technological element of product大學(xué)生創(chuàng) 業(yè)university student

23、s* innovative undertaking打 假crake down on counterfeit goods/fake products盜版VCD pirated VCD惡性循環(huán)vicious circle復(fù)合型人才 inter-disciplinary talent共 同 富裕common prosperity基因工程genetic engineering基本國(guó)情 fundamental realities of the country教書育人 impart knowledge and educate people精神文明 建設(shè) promote cultural and ideol

24、ogical progress經(jīng) 濟(jì)全球化 economic globalization； economic integration科教興 國(guó) rely on science and education to rejuvenate the nation兩個(gè)文明一起抓place equal emphasis on material and ethical progress民工 migrant laborer申辦具運(yùn)會(huì) bid for the Olympic Games雙嬴局面 win-win situation實(shí)事求是 seek truth from facts: be true to fact

25、s實(shí)現(xiàn)中華民族偉大復(fù)興bring about a great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation 首創(chuàng) 精神pioneering spirit團(tuán)隊(duì)希神teem spirit信息高 速公路information super highway經(jīng)濟(jì)不景 氣economic recession經(jīng) 濟(jì) 簫 條economic depression價(jià)格體條price system存品價(jià)格commodity prices價(jià)格養(yǎng)數(shù)price index企業(yè) 管 理business management商業(yè)伙伴 business partners經(jīng) 濟(jì) 復(fù)蘇 economic r

26、evival傷 害 索賠injury claims獷大請(qǐng)費(fèi)市場(chǎng)tap the consumer market全球化過程 globalization process貿(mào)易順差 surplus in trade一批子交易package deal點(diǎn)擊point and click網(wǎng)上經(jīng)著web business網(wǎng)上 文化online culture吸取世界文明 成果assimilate the achievements ofcivilizations over the world依法 治國(guó) manage state affairs according to law憂 患 意 識(shí)awareness of

27、 unexpected development與時(shí)俱迷advance with times因 材 施教teach students according to their aptitude義務(wù)教育 compulsory education知識(shí) 經(jīng)濟(jì)knowledge-based economy振興中華 make China powerful and strong；畬裕 affluence平衡預(yù)算balanced budget繁茶boom購(gòu)買力 buying power競(jìng)爭(zhēng) competition生活費(fèi)用cost of living通貨緊縮deflation充分就業(yè) full employment

28、全球經(jīng)濟(jì) global economy手動(dòng)密集型的labor-intensive生產(chǎn)力 productivity質(zhì)量管理quality control人工智能artificial intelligence (Al)病秦virus販賣違禁bootlegging虐待兒童child abuse酒后駕威drunk driving貧 污 embezzlement偽透 forgery作文*用詞匯和短語(yǔ)斛決問題crack the nuts大家公認(rèn) it is universally acknowledged that全力以赴 bring one* s talent into full play半畬生活enr

29、ich our lifeir 大視燈broaden my horizon突囹因唯 make breakthrough out of difficulty越來越 be increasingly +adj;be on the rise: the growing number of人們認(rèn)為 it is generally /widely believed/held/agreed that許多問題 a host of/a multitude of problems引起人們 的注意attract general/public/world attention to 5th.意 tx 列 there is

30、a growing awareness that; awaken sb. to the fact適應(yīng)新的形勢(shì)變-(tadapt/adjust/accommodate oneself to new environment/change接觸各種思想be exposed to new ideas/experience獲得 成功achieve/accomplish success提出觀點(diǎn) advance/put forward/come up w什h arguments/ideas產(chǎn) 生影響 have/exert a profound influence on life/personality;hav

31、e a dramatic/undesirable effect on較好地駕馭生活 be a better pilot of one* s life剝 奪機(jī)會(huì) deprive oneself of the chance/right控制 我們 的環(huán)境 take/gain increasing control over our owe environment對(duì)彳艮好的 了 解have a better understanding/appreciation ofhave a new perspective on； provide an insight into婦某種因素考慮叱去 take sth.

32、into account/consideration；give much thought to品味人生/自由/者 春savor the life/freedom/youth培 恭對(duì)的信 *develop/foster one* s confidence in道求學(xué)習(xí) 或職 業(yè)pursue one* s professional career/ academic支流經(jīng)膾 share experience/ideas/problems/knowledge發(fā)揮，起到 余極作 用play an important/active/great role/part面 臨因難危險(xiǎn)be confronted w

33、ith danger/difficulty: in the face of阻礙了 成功 stand in the way of success; be an obstacle/barrier to持相反/合理的 no matter how互粕沖 突in conflict with each other造成巨 大，員失和文難bring about a lot of losses and disasters死于嬸癟 die of lung cancer產(chǎn) 生 文難性的影響exert a disastrous effect on全球氣候 global climate山 洪爆發(fā)mountain tor

34、rents break out淹沒農(nóng)田 flood farmland席卷sweep混濁不清 unclear and impure深 受其害 suffer a great deal from人口 飛 速增長(zhǎng) there has been a rapid increase in the population條取不同的忠度take different attitudes如何 對(duì)將財(cái) 富與幸 福how to approach wealth and happiness?機(jī)械與 電子產(chǎn) 品machinery and electronic goods占 47% account for 47.7%吸去 dru

35、gtaking人均收入迅.速提高average personal income increase rapidly人口的出生率已經(jīng)大大下降 there has been a great decline in birth rates兒童教育child education熱門話題hot topic教育專 .educational expert也視暴力對(duì)青少年行為有很大的影響力violence on TV has a great influence on young adults behavior人民生活改善the improvement in people* s living conditions改

36、,革 開放政策the reform and opening-up policy國(guó) 民經(jīng)濟(jì)正在迅速發(fā)展there has been a rapid expansion of national economy出生率 已線得到控制the birth rate has been put on the control生態(tài)環(huán)境破壞destruction of ecological balance大量 次伐樹 木cut down large numbers of trees對(duì)的生存造,成顯著的威脅 cause the most significant threat to the survival of 日益

37、增 長(zhǎng)的需 求ever-increasing demand向 政府呼吁appeal t。the government京立一名，基金set up a foundation保護(hù)森林資源 protect forest resources依法產(chǎn) 您punish severely by the law鼓勵(lì)市民 encourage city-residents一個(gè)更美好更光明的未來a much better and brighter future從失敗中吸取教訓(xùn)draw useful lessons from喪失信心并退卻了 lose heart and give in人民對(duì)符的看法我然不同 people

38、 are quite different from each other in their opinions on-無可否認(rèn)there is no denying the fact that極其嚴(yán) 重的問題extremely serious problem空先污染air pollution采取有 力指趨take strong measure to deal with眾所周知as is known to all假冒偽劣商品 fake and inferior commodities現(xiàn)代技術(shù)modern technology計(jì)算機(jī) 的發(fā)明 invention of computers極其 復(fù)雜的工

39、作extremely complicated work法制教育law education為 了維護(hù)社會(huì)治安in order to keep law and order應(yīng)該 接受法 律教育 should be supposed to get a law education越來越多 的人increasing number of people保護(hù)樹木的重要性the importance of the protection of trees購(gòu) 物中心 shopping centers滿足人民日益增長(zhǎng)的需 求meet the growing needs of people或許 可 以毫不 夸張的 說it

40、 would be no exaggeration to say that缺乏淡水lack of fresh water權(quán)衡利 弊 weigh up the pros and cons事物總是一分為二everything has two sides從正反兩方面來辯論debate the matter pro and con工業(yè)公司 industrial company做出了 重要貢 故have made great contribution to工業(yè)的發(fā)展the development of industry造成了許多公害 pose a host of public hazards導(dǎo) 致了嚴(yán)

41、重的后果 lead to grave consequences交通事故 traffic accidents死亡率/出生率death rates; birth rates醫(yī)療保健的改,單the improvement in medical care假冒偽劣甫品 fake and inferior products危 害 人 民健康endanger people* s health期特你 的佳音 I m looking forward to your favorable reply賞識(shí)他 的非凡的能力 appreciate his exceptional ability對(duì)外開放 open the

42、door to the outside world取得顯著 成績(jī)make remarkable results合 資企業(yè)joint ventures從外部投濟(jì)受益非淺benefits a lot from the outside investment外 商 投密企業(yè)foreign-invested venture 外 密 foreign capital享有許多優(yōu)忠政策enjoy preferential policies高 科技產(chǎn) 業(yè)high-tech enterpriseT 揖 x /laid-off workers隨著女革開放的貫徹執(zhí)行with the reform and opening

43、 up policy being implemented現(xiàn)代化家用也爆up-to-date household appliances帶來許多問題brings about a lot of problems方便和4手造convenient and comfortable和的關(guān)條 the relationship between小沙丘sand hills標(biāo)題上寫著the caption reads水土保持water and soil conservation沙謨化 desertification趕走drive sb. away與戰(zhàn)斗fight against任由忠勢(shì)發(fā)展let this situa

44、tion go as it isit 受破壞suffer a great destruction煙草生 產(chǎn)和酒 賽 cigarette production and consumption大大超過substantially exceeds經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展economic development公共 交通public transport流行，4 A 4 A prevalence暴利的,利河4厚的lucrative沒收 confiscate前景光明的promising請(qǐng) 耗精 力 energy-consuming成熟 maturity體形，身材figure流行的，時(shí)尚的faddy提供譽(yù)養(yǎng)nourish卡路

45、里calorie饑餓 starvation營(yíng)養(yǎng)不 malnutrition威脅 intimidate多余的redundant唯 以 抗拒 的irresistibly貿(mào)易洽談business negotiation房地產(chǎn) real estates人才招聘job-hunting信息安全information security大勢(shì)所趨the wave of the future一時(shí)沖 動(dòng)an impulse activity全新的產(chǎn)brand-new剌激spur請(qǐng)費(fèi)者customer家戶client上司 superior官 方發(fā)言人authorized spokesman盲目 追逐時(shí) 態(tài) follo

46、w some fashion blindly形成不 羨的生活可卷be tempted into an unhealthy lifestyle廣告宣 傳單 leaflets and handouts勢(shì)不兩立poles apart上網(wǎng)沖浪surf on the internet虛 假信 息fake and exaggerated動(dòng)搐信心shatter confidence抓住機(jī)遇seize the opportunity通風(fēng)的ventilated大城市 metropolis空調(diào) air-conditioning; air-conditioner;（,空調(diào)機(jī)）氯利昂freon制冷劑 refriger

47、ant腫瑞tumor運(yùn)遠(yuǎn)超過far surpass左右為唯dilemma溫 安效應(yīng)greenhouse effect不斷發(fā)展 ever-accelerated不可思議miraculous天見預(yù)報(bào)weather forecastA 擊 鼠標(biāo)dick the mouse鑒定 identify手動(dòng)強(qiáng)度labor intensity產(chǎn) 生 也 酬輻射generate electromagnetic radiation基因圖 譜the mapping of human genes保 護(hù) 知識(shí) 產(chǎn) 權(quán)protect intellectual property成人教育才。職業(yè)教育 adult educati

48、on and vocational education懲 治 4 敗combat corruption第 三產(chǎn)業(yè) tertiary industry多 級(jí)化超勢(shì)the trends towards multi-polarity 改革 開放政策the policies of reform and open-up高 新技術(shù)開發(fā)區(qū) new and high-tech industrial development zone合法權(quán)益lawful rights and interests宏現(xiàn) 經(jīng)濟(jì)模 式macro-economic mode后起之秀 promising young people基礎(chǔ)設(shè)拘，基

49、礎(chǔ)工業(yè)和支柱產(chǎn)業(yè)infrastructure, basic industries and pillar industries 集裝笳運(yùn)輸container traffic假 冒偽方 fake and poor quality commod什ies健身房 gymnasium, fitness center精品店boutique經(jīng) 濟(jì)技術(shù) 開發(fā)區(qū) economic and technological development zone經(jīng)濟(jì)特 區(qū) special economic zone就業(yè)培訓(xùn) vocational training科學(xué)工業(yè)園區(qū) science-based industrial p

50、ark科教興 國(guó) rev什alizing the nation through science and education可持 續(xù)發(fā)展 sustainable development高 等 院才支 institution of higher education私人開辦 的公司 privately owned companies公共衛(wèi)生public health機(jī)關(guān)集體 government and social institution太陽(yáng)能 solar energy信息網(wǎng)絡(luò) information network承擔(dān) take over功能 function體力勞動(dòng) physical labo

51、r代價(jià)太高h(yuǎn)igh cost宇宙飛行space flight新 的發(fā)現(xiàn)discoveries與 日俱增 increase every day妨礙hinder統(tǒng)計(jì)教學(xué)statistics鄉(xiāng) 鎮(zhèn)企業(yè) township enterprise生活質(zhì)量 the quality of life偏遠(yuǎn).地區(qū)remote areas文化素質(zhì) cultural qualities推動(dòng) give a push to促進(jìn) 逐步 promote progress唐代 Tang Dynasty概念 concept女進(jìn)教和學(xué) improve teaching and learning按 分散 according to th

52、e grades符真機(jī) fax machines個(gè)體經(jīng) s* 者 self-employed businessmen工 作 安排 work arrangement電子郵件electric mail工 作 場(chǎng) 所 working place總產(chǎn)值 general output of跟上時(shí)代的步伐keep pace with the times獲取知W只的重要祟道 an important channel to acquire knowledge 每隔一段時(shí)間 at short intervals落后 backward外語(yǔ)能力 foreign language ability恢復(fù) restore統(tǒng)

53、一考試 unified test培養(yǎng) train, cultivate地區(qū)性的regional摟 寫因難 difficulties for employment就業(yè)機(jī)會(huì) opportunities for employment受過康好教育 well-educated未受教育uneducated遺憾的是 it is a pity that造成 了國(guó)唯 cause some difficulties急需 need badly中 國(guó) 政府 the government of China投資環(huán)境 environment for investment集中力量 concentrate on鼓勵(lì) encou

54、rage技術(shù)改造 technological transformation進(jìn) 口貨物 imported goods進(jìn)口或出 o import ,export創(chuàng) 收外匯 earn foreign exchange競(jìng)爭(zhēng)廠商 competition manufacturers活躍市場(chǎng) enliven the market逐,步建立 gradually establish造成扳 大cause a loss to破列為 be listed as全國(guó)人民代表大會(huì)the National People* s Congress制定法律make a law十分重 視attach importance to基本國(guó)

55、 fundamental national policies大力 發(fā)展strive to develop社區(qū)服務(wù)community service社會(huì)福利 事業(yè)social welfare system高屋京筑high-rising building住房 建Jnhousing construction不吸煙者nonsmokers從長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn),的觀點(diǎn)看in the long run古代中國(guó)ancient China長(zhǎng)時(shí)間的閉關(guān)政策be closed and self-fettered for a long time境況 circumstance必然 結(jié)論inevitable conclusion爭(zhēng)取外

56、援 win foreign aid閉關(guān)自守 Closed-door policy資本 capital項(xiàng)目 items/projects遇險(xiǎn)的成分element of risk承擔(dān) 風(fēng)險(xiǎn)bear the risk of世界銀行The World Bank計(jì)算方?jīng)Q method of calculation估算 estimate局 F艮性 limitation經(jīng) 濟(jì) 結(jié)構(gòu) economic structure指示說明 instruction, directionit 求 眼南 利 益 pursue one s short-term interest原料raw materials重 工 jkheav

57、y industry裝配和修理assemble and repair大型，中型，小型 large-size, medium-size, small-size合理 的發(fā)展rationally developed長(zhǎng)處，短處strong point, week point各 級(jí)政府government of all levels各行各業(yè)的 人們 people from all trades and professions祖先 ancestors長(zhǎng)江流城Yangtze river basins鴉片戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)The Opium War連續(xù)十年for ten years running雨量 measure, e

58、valuate財(cái)政資助financial support山 區(qū) mountain areas發(fā) 電 produce electricity取代 replacei 張 hold, state共同管理jointly manage一律平等be all equal牟 取任何暴利 seek excessive profits靈活的flexible領(lǐng) 導(dǎo)和組 織guide and organize充分發(fā)揮的點(diǎn)板性bring one s initiative into full play普遍規(guī)律general lawr 大農(nóng)忖vast rural areas推廣spread杷應(yīng) 用于生 產(chǎn)applyduct

59、ion第三世界 the third world維護(hù) 民族4支立defend national independence國(guó)家主權(quán)state sovereignty政治彳女立 political independence鞏固 back up, consolidate苦難經(jīng)歷hard experience, sufferings實(shí)踐 practice改.transformation中國(guó)的國(guó)情 China s own conditions人力褥源 manpower, human resources資金不足short of funds圍繞focus on經(jīng)濟(jì)赦率 economic efficiency降

60、低生產(chǎn) 成本lower production cost生產(chǎn)力 productive forces務(wù)動(dòng)生產(chǎn)率 labor productivity巨 大發(fā)展have made a big advance對(duì)榜treat.4-improve認(rèn)真執(zhí)行 faithfully implement中外合密企業(yè)joint ventures獨(dú)立自主independence自力更生 self-reliance對(duì)有利 beneficial to加強(qiáng) strengthen實(shí)行 implement, carry out自信心confidence和平共 處coexist peacefully經(jīng)濟(jì)差 跑economic g