高考英語寫作-轉(zhuǎn)換表達(dá)方式

1、Its a really good idea to visit colleges before you apply because their websites can all start to look and sound the same. Nothing will give you the sense of what it will actually be like to live on a college campus （校園）like visiting and seeing for yourself the dorms, classrooms and athletic equipme

2、nt and, of course, the students. It seems a little crazy once senior year hits to find the time to visit college campuses, and it can also be pricey if the schools you are applying to happen to be more than a car ride away. But keep in mind that you are making a decision about the next four years of

3、 your life, and do all the research you can to make s ure you are making the right one.Theres no excuse not to visit the schools in your local area. In fact, a lot of college applications even ask if you have visited campus, and obviously, if you live across the country that wont be as much of a pos

4、sibility, but if you live nearby, go check it out!If campus visits arent going to happen before you apply, at the very least you should find some time between applying and getting your acceptance letters to visit the schools youd like to attend. It can save you a lot of heartache if you rule out now

5、 the things that you dont like about certain campuses, things that you wouldnt know unless you actually visit.Now, if time and money are making it impossible, then check out the online college fairs at CollegeWeekLive. If s a chance to chat online with admissions officers, students, and college coun

6、selors （ 顧問 ）,and it wont cost you a penny! You can register for its online college fair at . While visiting an online college fair cant take the place of an actual campus visit, it can be a very useful tool that along with all your other research will help you make an informed decision about which

7、colleges or universities youd like to attend.重構(gòu)前：If s a really good idea to visit colleges and do all the research you can to make sure you are making the right one before you apply.重構(gòu)后： To make a correct decision, you are strongly advised to visit your ideal colleges before your application.重構(gòu)方式： 語

8、意轉(zhuǎn)換：to make sure you are making the right one 轉(zhuǎn)換為 To make要點2重構(gòu)前：In the early 16th century, people thought that dirt on the skin was a means to block out disease and a particular danger was thought to lie in public baths.重構(gòu)方式：句式變換：主動句People thought變被動 句was thought語意轉(zhuǎn)換：a means to block out disease 轉(zhuǎn)化為

9、a barrier against disease明確指代：people明確為the French andthe English重構(gòu)后：In the early 16th century, dirt on the skin was thought to be a barrier against disease, so the French and the English refused to take a bath.溫馨提示；重構(gòu)句子的第一原則是客觀精確地表達(dá)原 文要點，即在正確理解原文的基礎(chǔ)上，用 自己的語言把原文要點表達(dá)清楚，不能因 為變換表達(dá)方式而添加自己的觀點，當(dāng)然 也不能刪減了原文中

10、的主要信息，甚至改 變了原文表達(dá)的意思。簡言之，要做 到不增不減不變”。重構(gòu)前：There is nothing fixed about attitudes to dirt.重構(gòu)后：Attitudes towards dirt are varied.重構(gòu)方式：句式變換：there be句型變?yōu)橹飨当斫Y(jié)構(gòu)反向表達(dá)：no fixed轉(zhuǎn)化為varied溫馨提示：重構(gòu)句子的首要目的就是簡化句子，把長句變短句，使表達(dá)更加緊 湊、概括，符合概要寫作語言的特點。每個句子的重構(gòu)方式并不唯一，都可以有多種重構(gòu)轉(zhuǎn)換方式，根據(jù)你的喜好、 能力、上下句的連貫等因素選擇即可。比如這個要點句子你也可以重構(gòu)為“People

11、 have mixed opinions towards dirt.、There is different attitudes to dirt.、Attitudes towards dirt have been changing over time”等。重構(gòu)前：Scientifically speaking, cleaning away dirt is good to health. Clean water supply and hand washing are practical means of preventing disease.重構(gòu)后：People have been told th

12、at washing off dirt can prevent disease since the 18th century.重構(gòu)方式：高度概括：重構(gòu)前的要點里的兩句話表達(dá)的是一個意思，概括為一 句即可抽象變具體：把抽象的good to health替換為具體的prevent disease 語意轉(zhuǎn)換：把 Scientifically speaking 變換為 People have been told that 溫馨提示：雖然我們已經(jīng)把某段的要點提煉出來了，但在重構(gòu)句子時不能只關(guān)注 要點而脫離原文，因為有時候只有加上原文中的某些信息，重構(gòu)出來的句子才能 講得通，比如這里的People hav

13、e been told that的現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)，只有加上since the 18th century才能讓人豁然開朗。重構(gòu)前： Attitudes to dirt still differ hugely nowadays. An American immunologist （免 疫學(xué)家）encourages children to play in the dirt to build up a strong immune system. And the position is gaining some ground.重構(gòu)后： However, nowadays, some scientists

14、still believe that exposure to some dirt is helpful to our immune system.重構(gòu)方式：邏輯銜接：加上了邏輯銜接詞however、nowadays still語意轉(zhuǎn)換：to play in the dirt 轉(zhuǎn)換為 exposure to some dirt； build upa strong immune system 轉(zhuǎn)換為 is helpful to our immune system溫馨提示：概括性很強或者表達(dá)很籠統(tǒng)、指代不明確的主題句在重構(gòu)句子時可 以刪去，比如這里的 Attitudes to dirt still

15、differ hugely nowadayso段與段之間、句與句之間都是有邏輯關(guān)系的，在重構(gòu)句子的過程中，有時候把 邏輯詞加進(jìn)去，體現(xiàn)出邏輯關(guān)系來可能會給重塑句子帶來便利，比如這里加進(jìn)來 的 however nowadays still o使用抽象名詞代替從句、動詞詞塊等作主語，可以使句子變得更簡練、更地道, 比如這里的 exposure to some dirto重構(gòu)句子時，變換句式可通過使用主被動互換、特殊句式（強調(diào)句、倒裝句、省 略句等）、with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)、非謂語動詞、主從復(fù)合句等來完成。重構(gòu)句子時，長句變短句可通過簡單句變復(fù)合句、復(fù)合句變簡單句、從句變非 謂語、短語變單詞、承前省略等方

16、式來完成。重構(gòu)句子時，同義詞替換時一般要把簡單的詞匯換成高級詞匯、短語，但要避 免使用生僻、晦澀的詞匯，也不能因為高級詞匯造成不準(zhǔn)確的表達(dá)。當(dāng)然，也可 以把原文中的高級詞匯換成簡單、好用的簡單詞匯。重構(gòu)句子時還需對主題句和支撐性信息進(jìn)行進(jìn)一步整合，找到兩者之間的邏輯 聯(lián)系，使用恰當(dāng)?shù)倪B接詞進(jìn)行連接、合并。Attitudes towards dirt are varied. In the early 16th century, dirt on the skin was thought to be a barrier against disease, so the French and the E

17、nglish refused to take a bath. People have been told that washing off dirt can prevent disease since the 18th century. However, nowadays, some scientists still believe that exposure to some dirt is helpful to our immune system.People have mixed opinions towards dirt on our skin.（要點 1） For a long tim

18、e in history, people of some European countries，such as France， believed that dirt protected people from getting ill.（要點 2） However, people began to change their attitudes to dirt about 200 years ago. People have been told that washing dirt of four body can keep ushealthy.（要點 3） However, some scient

19、ists believe that exposure to some dirt may help our in mune system（要點 4）Technology is forever changing the way we get our news. Many people now get a lot of their news on electronic devices, instead of traditional media, such as newspapers, television or radio. An increasing number of people also r

20、eport turning to social media for information.Now, there is a new technology that could greatly change the way we get the news: computer-created news readers. Recently, China launched what it called AI news presenters.The news readers, supported by machine learning technology, are based on two real-

21、 life Chinese newsmen. One is able to present newscasts in English, and the other, in Mandarin Chinese. Reports said machine learning was used to examine video images and sounds of the two newsmen. Similar technology has been used to create video products known as “deepfhke videos. n A “deepfhke is

22、a video that looks real, but was electronically changed.Its said that the AI presenters will be a great improvement to the news team because they can work 24 hours a day on its website and on social media. One of the presenters even promised to work tirelessly to keep people informed. Some machine l

23、earning experts said the system showed off Chinas latest progress in voice recognition, text-to- speech technology and data analysis.Others wondered about the effects robots might have on employment and workers. Some people argued that only low-level jobs requiring heavy labor will be easily replace

24、d by robots. Others praised the technology as a way for companies to make money from low-cost labor machines. Some businesses have experimented with similar technology for possible use in news operations.Britains BBC recently released a video that used machine learning to make it look like one of it

25、s news readers speaking different languages. The London-based company that developed the system says its goal is to remove the language barrier for many different kinds of video across the Internet. Also, Amazons working on Alexa smart speaker system to create a special news reader voice. Amazon is

26、reportedly preparing to launch Alexas news reader voice in the near future.Thanks to the development of technology, we get our news on electronic devices and social media.Recently, China launched a new technologynews readers or AI news presenters. Based on two real-life newsmen, the news readers pre

27、sent newscasts in English and Chinese.A Its said that the AI presenters, able to work tirelessly and showing off Chinas latest progress will be a great improvement to the news team.Others wondered about the effects robots might have on employment and workers bad to workers, while good to companies.B

28、ritains BBC released a video and Amazon is preparing to launch Alexas news reader. 或 Some businesses, like BBC and Amazon, have experimented with similar technology for possible use in news operations.For many high school students, giving an in-class presentation is an approach to their growth. Teac

29、hers will call up students, one by one, to present their work in front of the class, and, though it is often tense, many people say it has helped turn them into more confident public speakers. Some educators also credit it with building leadership skills and increasing students confidence and unders

30、tanding of materials.But in the past few years, students have started calling for an end to in-class presentations as they show discrimination against those with anxiety. This week, a tweet posted by a 15-year-old high school student declaring “Stop forcing students to present in front of the class

31、and give them a choice not to received more than 130, 000 retweets and nearly half a million likes.In fact, being a high schooler nowadays is more stressful than ever. Students are burdened with extra hours of homework. They stay up every night till 1: 00 a.m. finishing homework on their third Red B

32、ull. Anxiety is increasing at a faster rate thandepression as the leading mental-health issue affecting teenagers, a recent study in the Journal of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics found.These students want more options. They say that every student has unique strengths and should be allowed t

33、o present their work in ways that speak to those strengths. This might mean presenting alone in front of the teacher, or choosing between several alternatives like producing a piece of art or an essay for private judgment instead of presenting their work orally.Educators have begun to take it seriou

34、sly. Some agree teachers should listen to students and hear their voices and respond to that. If students* feelings are ignored, they might just walk away. However, not everyone is convinced. Some hold the view that pushing students out of comfort zones is a big part of what they should do as some s

35、tudents are deathly afraid to do it.Giving an in-class presentation is an approach to their growth, because many people say it helped them, and educators also credit it.But in the past few years, students have started calling for an end to in-class presentations as they show discrimination against t

36、hose with anxiety.Being a high schooler nowadays is more stressful than ever, burdened with extra hours of homework and anxiety is becoming the leading mental-health issue.These students want more options; that is, they should be allowed to present their work in ways that speak to those strengths.So

37、me educators agree teachers should listen to students and hear their voices and respond to that. However, some hold the view that pushing students out of comfort zones is a big part of what they should do.a correct decision； Its a really good idea to visit colleges 轉(zhuǎn)換為 you are strongly advised to vi

38、sit your ideal colleges詞性變換：before you apply 轉(zhuǎn)換為 before your application 溫馨提示：重構(gòu)句子時，注意前后句子的語氣、表達(dá)的情感強度等要保持一致, 比如重構(gòu)前句子中的really就用重構(gòu)后的strongly體現(xiàn)出來了。重構(gòu)前： Visit the schools in your local area because a lot of college applications even ask if you have visited campus.重構(gòu)后：Its required by many colleges to vis

39、it the local campus.重構(gòu)方式：句式轉(zhuǎn)換：主動句a lot of college叩plications even ask if you轉(zhuǎn)換為 Its required by many colleges to短語縮為單詞：the schools in your local area 縮為 the local campus溫馨提示:重構(gòu)句子的首要目的就是簡化句子,把長句變短句，使表達(dá)更加緊湊、 概括，符合概要寫作語言的特點。重構(gòu)前：If campus visits arent going to happen before you apply, at the very least

40、you should find some time between applying and getting your acceptance letters to visit the schools youd like to attend because it can save you a lot of heartache.重構(gòu)后：If you cant make it before your application, you should visit schools before the offer letters have arrived to avoid unnecessary trou

41、ble.重構(gòu)方式： 語意轉(zhuǎn)換：campus visits arent going to happen 轉(zhuǎn)換為 you can,t make it； getting your acceptance letters 轉(zhuǎn)換為 the offer letters have arrived句式變換：原因狀語從句because it can save you a lot of heartache轉(zhuǎn)換為動詞 不定式 to avoid unnecessary trouble重構(gòu)前： Now, if time and money are making it impossible, then check out

42、the online college fairs at CollegeWeekLive. It can be a very useful tool that along with all your other research will help you make an informed decision about which colleges or universities youd like to attend.重構(gòu)后： Neither time or money permitting, you can visit College Weeklive to acquire the impo

43、rtant information and decide on your ideal schools.重構(gòu)方式：語意轉(zhuǎn)換：check out the online college fairs at CollegeWeekLive 轉(zhuǎn)換 為 you can visit College Weeklive句式變換：條件狀語從句if time and money are making it impossible轉(zhuǎn)換為獨立 主格結(jié)構(gòu) Neither time or money permitting詞性變換：make an informed decision 轉(zhuǎn)換為 decide on抽象變具體:It c

44、an be a very useful tool 轉(zhuǎn)換為 to acquire the important information使用上義詞：colleges or universities 轉(zhuǎn)換為 shools溫馨提示：簡單說來，上義詞是對事物的概括性、抽象性說明；下義詞是事物的 具體表現(xiàn)形式或更為具體的說明。animal和dog、cat、tiger為上義詞與下義詞的 關(guān)系。To make a correct decision, you are strongly advised to visit your ideal colleges before your application. Its

45、 required by many colleges to visit the local campus. If you cant make it before your application, you should visit schools before the offer letters have arrived to avoid unnecessary trouble. Neither time or money permitting, you can visit College Weeklive to acquire the important information and de

46、cide on your ideal schools.Parents everywhere praise their kids. Jenn Berman, author of The A to Z Guide to Raising Happy and Confident Kids, says, Weve gone to the opposite extreme of a few decades ago when parents tended to be more strict. By giving kids a lot of praise, parents think theyre build

47、ing their childrens confidence, when, in fact, it may be just the opposite. Too much praise can backfire and, when given in a way thats insincere, make kids afraid to try new things or take a risk for fear of not being able to stay on topwhere their parents9 praise has put them.Still, dont go too fa

48、r in the other direction. Not giving enough praise can be just as damaging as giving too much. Kids will feel like theyre not good enough or that you dont care and, as a result, may see no point in trying hard fbr their accomplishments.So what is the right amount of praise? Experts say that the qual

49、ity of praise is more important than the quantity. If praise is sincere and focused on the effort not the outcome, you can give it as often as your child does something that deserves a verbal reward. “We should especially recognize our childrens efforts to push themselves and work hard to achieve a

50、goal J says Donahue, author of Parenting Without Fear: Letting Go of Worry and Focusing on What Really Matters. One thing to remember is that its the process not the end product that matters.”Your son may not be the best basketball player on his team. But if hes out there every day and playing hard,

51、 you should praise his effort regardless of whether his team wins or loses. Praising the effort and not the outcome can also mean recognizing your child when she has worked hard to clean the yard, cook dinner, or finish a book report. But whatever it is, praise should be given on a case-by-case basi

52、s and be proportionate（相 稱的）to the amount of effort your child has put into it.重構(gòu)前： By giving kids a lot of praise, parents think theyre building their childrens confidence, but in fact, too much praise can backfire and, when given in a way thats insincere, make kids afraid to try new things or take

53、 a risk for fear of not being able to stay on top where their parents praise has put them.重構(gòu)后： Contrary to the common assumption that much praise will boost childrens confidence, overpraise tend to have opposite effects.重構(gòu)方式：高度概括：人們的傳統(tǒng)觀念”多表揚會增強孩子的自信心”與現(xiàn)實 情況“過多的表揚會損壞孩子的自信心”恰恰相反，故在重構(gòu)時選用了 contrary to和o

54、pposite；用tend to來概括過多表揚帶來危害的傾向。同義替換：用boost替換了 build； overpraise替換了 too much praise條件狀語。溫馨提示：高度概括可以采用的幾種方式：長句變短句、短句變短語、短語變單 詞、兩句變一句、描述性變概括性表達(dá)。重構(gòu)前： Not giving enough praise can be just as damaging as giving too much. Kids will feel like theyre not good enough or that you dont care and, as a result, ma

55、y see no point in trying hard for their accomplishments.重構(gòu)后： Lack of praise also harms kids confidence, motivation and enthusiasm.重構(gòu)方式：抽象名詞作主語：抽象名詞Lack of praise替換Not giving enough praise,使表達(dá)更簡潔有力。高度概括：一個小詞also表達(dá)出了 as damaging as giving too much的意思；三 個名詞confidence, motivation and enthusiasm表達(dá)出了孩子所受的

56、危害。溫馨提示：高度概括既需要學(xué)生們讀懂讀透句子，又需要學(xué)生們具有豐富的詞匯 儲備。重構(gòu)前： The quality of praise is more important than the quantity. Its the process not the end product that matters.重構(gòu)后： What counts in praise isnt quantity but quality, which means that kids effort outweighs the outcome.重構(gòu)方式：句式變換：兩個并列的簡單句合成為一個主從復(fù)合句，使表達(dá)更緊 湊。同義替

57、換：important 替換為 count； the end product 替換為 the outcome； matter 替換為outweigho溫馨提示：表 “重要”的幾個形容詞 important, necessary, essential, significant, crucial, vital；表“重要”的動詞matter,count是不及物動詞，outweigh為及物動 詞，“比重要，比有分量，重構(gòu)前： But whatever it is, praise should be given on a case-by-case basis and be proportionate（相

58、稱的）to the amount of effort your child has put into it.重構(gòu)后：Praise for kids need to be based on actual situation and efforts made by the kids.重構(gòu)方式：同義替換：be based on actual situation 替換了 on a case-by-case basiso 句式轉(zhuǎn)換：定語從句your child has put into it轉(zhuǎn)換非謂語made by the kids作后 置定語。溫馨提示：on acase-by-case basis意為

59、“根據(jù)實際情況”。on a .basis是個非常常 見、好用的表達(dá)，有時候就相當(dāng)于一個副詞，比如：onadailybasis=daily, on a regular basis二regularlyContrary to the common assumption that much praise will boost childrens confidence, overpraise tend to have opposite effects. Lack of praise also harms kids confidence, motivation and enthusiasm. What counts in praise isnt quantity but quality, which means that kids effort outweighs the outcome. Praise for kids need to be based on actual situation and efforts made by the kids.Getting rid of dirt, in the opinion of