國(guó)外土壤環(huán)境質(zhì)量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)概況

1、目錄 TOC o 1-5 h z HYPERLINK l bookmark2 o Current Document 保護(hù)對(duì)象的多樣性1. HYPERLINK l bookmark4 o Current Document 暴露方式的多樣性1. HYPERLINK l bookmark6 o Current Document 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的多樣性1. HYPERLINK l bookmark8 o Current Document 美國(guó)土壤環(huán)境質(zhì)量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)體系 3. HYPERLINK l bookmark24 o Current Document 美國(guó)土壤環(huán)境質(zhì)量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)體系的特點(diǎn) 3. HYPERLINK l

2、 bookmark34 o Current Document 美國(guó)通用土壤篩選值 4. HYPERLINK l bookmark40 o Current Document 美國(guó)生態(tài)土壤篩選值 5. HYPERLINK l bookmark42 o Current Document 美國(guó)人體健康土壤篩選值 6. HYPERLINK l bookmark50 o Current Document 美國(guó)土壤篩選值的制定方法 8. HYPERLINK l bookmark62 o Current Document 荷蘭土壤環(huán)境質(zhì)量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)體系1.0 HYPERLINK l bookmark68 o Cur

3、rent Document 加拿大土壤環(huán)境質(zhì)量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)體系1.1 HYPERLINK l bookmark70 o Current Document 澳大利亞土壤環(huán)境質(zhì)量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)體系1.3 HYPERLINK l bookmark72 o Current Document 瑞典土壤環(huán)境質(zhì)量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)1.3.巴西圣保羅州土壤環(huán)境質(zhì)量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)1.4 HYPERLINK l bookmark74 o Current Document 德國(guó)土壤環(huán)境質(zhì)量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)中的特色1.4國(guó)內(nèi)土壤環(huán)境質(zhì)量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)1.5. HYPERLINK l bookmark76 o Current Document 土壤修復(fù)相關(guān)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)1.5. 1 保護(hù)對(duì)象

4、的多樣性人體健康生態(tài)系統(tǒng)a 植物：農(nóng)作物、其它植物 b 野生動(dòng)物：哺乳類動(dòng)物、鳥類 c 無脊椎動(dòng)物 d 生物過程地下水暴露方式的多樣性皮膚接觸直接攝入間接攝入呼吸吸入地下水飲用標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的多樣性通用標(biāo)準(zhǔn)按土地用途分類標(biāo)準(zhǔn)按暴露方式分類標(biāo)準(zhǔn)土地修復(fù)污染物清除 指標(biāo)金屬的可忽略風(fēng)險(xiǎn)濃度(mg/kg)金屬的警示值(mg/kg)金屬的行動(dòng)干預(yù)值(mg/kg)比利時(shí)捷克荷蘭斯洛伐克奧地利比利時(shí)捷克德國(guó)斯洛伐克瑞典奧地利比利時(shí)捷克荷蘭斯洛伐克As1230292920406550301550300705550Ba60016050010006252000Be50.0431520203030Cd0.20.50.800

5、.8231020511030201220Cr3413010013050125450400250250250520500380800Cr （六價(jià)）2.54.215Hg0.050.40.30.3292.520251056101010Pb25808585100195250400150300500700300530600Ni2460353570150180140100150140300250210500Zn230150050070071025007203000 指標(biāo)有機(jī)物的可忽略風(fēng)險(xiǎn)濃度(mg/kg)比利時(shí)捷克荷蘭斯洛伐克苯0.10.030.01乙苯0.10.040.0021甲苯0.10.030.00

6、07二甲苯0.20.030.0007萘0.050.01蒽0.10.1苯并芘0.010.10.1三氯乙烯0.10.01PCB0.020.02美國(guó)土壤環(huán)境質(zhì)量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)體系美國(guó)國(guó)家土壤環(huán)境質(zhì)量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)體系的組成a 通用土壤篩選值(Generic SSLs)b 生態(tài)土壤篩選值(Eco-SSLs)c 人體健康土壤篩選值d 土壤放射性核素篩選值美國(guó)區(qū)系(region)土壤環(huán)境質(zhì)量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)體系美國(guó)各州的土壤環(huán)境質(zhì)量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)體系美國(guó)土壤環(huán)境質(zhì)量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)體系的特點(diǎn)科學(xué)性系統(tǒng)性完整性互補(bǔ)性美國(guó)通用土壤篩選值美國(guó)EPA通用土壤篩選值1（見附件）通用土壤篩選值2CAS 號(hào)Compound（化合物）Ingestion(攝入量)(mg/kg

7、)Inhalation (吸入)Fugitive particulate (mg/kg)Migration to ground water(地下水遷移)20 DAF (mg/kg)1 DAF (mg/kg)無機(jī)物7440-36-0銻 Sb3150.37440-38-2砷 As0.47502917440-39-3鋇 Ba55006.9E 051600827440-41-7鈹 Be0.113006337440-43-9鎘 Cd78180080.47440-47-3總鉻39027038216065-83-1三價(jià)鉻7800018540-29-9六價(jià)鉻39027038257-12-5氫化物1600402

8、7439-92-1鉛 Pb4007440-02-0鎳 Ni16001300013077782-49-2硒39050.37440-22-4銀 Ag3903427440-28-0鉈0.70.047440-62-2釩55060003007440-66-6鋅 Zn2300012000620有機(jī)物67-64-1丙酮78001.0E 05160.8309-00-2艾氏劑0.0430.50.0271-43-2苯220.80.030.00265-85-0苯甲酸3.1E 054002075-25-2三溴甲烷81530.80.0471-36-3丁醇780010000170.967-66-3三氯甲烷1000.30.

9、60.0372-54-8DDD3160.872-55-9DDE254350-29-3DDT23221336-36-3多氯聯(lián)苯PCBs1108-95-2苯酚4700010057 美國(guó)生態(tài)土壤篩選值生態(tài)土壤篩選值（Eco-SSLs（） mg/kg 土壤干重）序號(hào)金屬和有機(jī)污染物植物土壤無脊椎動(dòng)物野生動(dòng)物鳥類哺乳動(dòng)物1鎘 Cd321400.770.362鉻 Cr-Cr -26Cr -無Cr -34Cr -1303鈷 Co13-1202304銅 Cu708028495鉛 Pb120170011566錳 Mn220450430040007鎳 Ni382802101308硒 Se0.524.11.20.6

10、39銀 Ag560-4.21410釩V-7.828011鋅 Zn160120467912銻 Sb-78-0.2713砷 As18-434614鋇 Ba-330-200015鉍 Be-40-2116DDT（ 包括代謝物）-0.0930.02117狄氏劑-0.0220.004918PAH低分子量-29-100高分子量-18-1.119五氯苯酚5.0312.12.88 美國(guó)人體健康土壤篩選值居住區(qū)土壤篩選值（ mg/kg）污染物攝入-皮膚接觸揮發(fā)物吸入地下水DAF=20DAF=1艾氏劑0.0430.50.02DDT2-322狄氏劑0.0410.0040.0002銻 Sb31-50.3砷 As0.4-

11、291鋇 Ba5500-160082鉍 Be160-633鎘 Cd70-80.4鉻（總量）230-382鉻Cr-120000-鉻Cr-230-382汞 Hg1600-20.1鎳 Ni23101307硒 Se1600-50.3銀 Ag390-342鉈 TI390-0.70.04釩V6-6000300鋅 Zn550-12000620商業(yè)區(qū) /工業(yè)區(qū)土壤篩選值（以室外作業(yè)人員為受體）（ mg/kg）污染物攝入-皮膚接觸揮發(fā)物吸入地下水DAF=20DAF=1艾氏劑0.260.50.02DDT8-322狄氏劑0.220.0040.0002銻 Sb450-50.3砷 As2-291鋇 Ba79000-16

12、0082鉍 Be2300-633鎘 Cd900-80.4鉻（總量）3400-382鉻Cr-1000000-鉻Cr-3400-382汞 Hg3401420.1鎳 Ni23000-1307硒 Se5700-50.3銀 Ag5700-342鉈 TI91-0.70.04釩V7900-6000300鋅 Zn340000-12000620商業(yè)區(qū) /工業(yè)區(qū)土壤篩選值（以室內(nèi)作業(yè)人員為受體）（ mg/kg）污染物攝入 -皮膚接觸地下水DAF=20DAF=1艾氏劑0.30.50.02DDT17322狄氏劑0.40.0040.0002銻 Sb82050.3砷 As4291鋇 Ba140000160082鉍 Be4

13、100633鎘 Cd200080.4鉻（總量）6100382鉻 Cr-1000000-鉻 Cr-6100382汞 Hg61020.1鎳 Ni410001307硒 Se1000050.3銀 Ag10000342鉈 TI1600.70.04釩V140006000300鋅 Zn610000120006209 美國(guó)土壤篩選值的制定方法通用土壤篩選值（Generic SSLs制定方法 ）生態(tài)土壤篩選值（Eco-SSLs制定方法 ）人體健康土壤篩選值制定方法確定土壤篩選值（SSLs的一般步驟 ）? Developing a conceptual site model （CSM）建立一個(gè)概念化的污染場(chǎng)址模型

14、? Comparing the CSM to the SSL scenario比較模型和土壤篩選值的情況? Defining data collection needs定義數(shù)據(jù)采集需要? Sampling and analyzing soils at site現(xiàn)場(chǎng)采樣和分析土壤? Calculating site-specific SSLs計(jì)算特定土壤篩選值? Comparing site soil contaminant concentrations to calculated SSLs 比較現(xiàn)場(chǎng)土壤污染物濃度與計(jì)算出的土壤篩選值? Determining which areas of th

15、e site require further study.確定哪些方面需要進(jìn)一步研究。確定生態(tài)土壤篩選值（Eco-SSLs）的步驟The General Process for Establishing Eco-SSLsStep 1: Literature Search資料收集Step 2: Determine Acceptability of Study for Use in Deriving Eco-SSL 確定用于推導(dǎo)生態(tài)土壤篩選值可接受性的研究Step 3: Extract, Evaluate and Score Data提取、評(píng)估和數(shù)據(jù)打分Step 4: Select Value選擇

16、值Oregon（俄勒岡州）生態(tài)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評(píng)價(jià)篩選值污染物植物無脊椎動(dòng)物鳥類哺乳動(dòng)物鋁 Al50600450107銻 Sb515砷 As 10601029鋇 Ba500300085638鈹 Be1083鉍 Bi20硼B(yǎng)0.5201203500溴 Br10鎘 Cd4206125鈣 Ca鉻 Cr10.44340000鉻 Cr410鈷 Co201000150銅 Cu10050190390鐵 Fe10200碘I4鑭 La50鉛 Pb50500164000鋰 Li2101175鎂 Mg錳 Mn500100412511000汞 Hg0.30.11.573鉬 Mo22001514鎳 Ni30200320625鈮 N

17、b9鉀K硒 Se170225銀 Ag250鈉 Na鍶 Sr32875锝 Te0.2碲 Th2鉈 Tl11錫 Sn502000鈦 Ti1000鎢W400鈾U565170釩V24725鋅 Zn502006020000鋯 Zr9710 荷蘭土壤環(huán)境質(zhì)量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)體系? Target values 目標(biāo)值? Soil remediation intervention values土壤修復(fù)干預(yù)值? Indicative levels for serious contamination 嚴(yán)重污染警示值MetalsSoil （mg/kg dry matter）National background concent

18、rationTarget valueIntervention valueSb3315As292955Ba160160625Cd0.80.812Cr100100380Co99240Cu3636190Hg0.30.310Pb8585530Mo0.53200Ni3535210Z加拿大土壤環(huán)境質(zhì)量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)體系? Canadian Soil Quality Guidelines 加拿大土壤質(zhì)量指導(dǎo)值for four land use categories四個(gè)應(yīng)用類別:Agricultural 農(nóng)業(yè)用地: where the primary land use is growing c

19、rops or tendinglivestock. This also includes agricultural lands that provide habitat for resident and transitory wildlife and native flora.主要用于作物栽培和放養(yǎng)家畜,包括野生動(dòng)植物棲息地Residential/Parkland 居住 /公共用地: where the primary activity is residential orrecreational activity; parkland is defined as a buffer between

20、 areas of residency, and also includes campground areas, but excludes wildlands such as national or provincial parks. 居住和娛樂活動(dòng)用地,居住區(qū)之間的緩沖區(qū),露營(yíng)地,但不包括國(guó)家公園的荒地Commercial 商業(yè)用地: where the primary activity is commercial （e.g.,shopping mall）and not residential or manufacturing. This does not include zones whe

21、re food is grown. 主要用于商業(yè)購(gòu)物，不是居住和制造，不包括食品種植區(qū)域。Industrial 工業(yè)用地: where the primary activity involves the production, manufacture,or construction of goods.主要用于貨物的生產(chǎn)、制造、建設(shè)Two generic soil types（兩個(gè)通用土壤類型）? coarse-textured soils砂土 （）? fine-textured soils（粘土）? The criterion distinguishing the two categories

22、 is a median grain size of 75 micron（以平均 s.晶粒 75微米為準(zhǔn)則區(qū)別這兩種土壤。）Canadian Soil Quality Guidelines （mg kg-1）.SubstanceAgricultural （農(nóng)業(yè)的）Residential/parkland * （居住和公園）Commercial（商業(yè)的）Industrial（工業(yè)的）CoarseFineCoarseFineCoarseFineCoarseFineArsenic 砷12121212Barium 鋇75050020002000Cadmium 鎘1.4102222Lead 鉛70140

23、260600DDT0.70.71212Nickel 鎳50505050Benzene苯Surface （表土）0.0300.00680.0300.00680.0300.00680.0300.0068Subsoil （底土）0.0300.00680.0300.00680.0300.00680.0300.006812 澳大利亞土壤環(huán)境質(zhì)量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)體系Soil Investigation level(mg/kg)Australia澳大利亞土壤調(diào)查值Substances 物質(zhì)Health investigation levels(HILs) 健康調(diào)查值Ecological investigation le

24、vels(EILs) 生態(tài)調(diào)查值Background ranges 背景值A(chǔ)BCDEFInteriumurbanAs100400200500201-50Be208040100Cd20804010031Co1004002005001-40Pb300120060015006002-200Mn1500600030007500500850Ni60024006003000605-500DDT+DDD+DDE2008004001000PCBs1040205013 瑞典土壤環(huán)境質(zhì)量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)按土地敏感程度,guideline values分為三類:敏感土地(sensitive land use)較不敏感土地地下水

25、保護(hù)(less sensitive land use,groundwater protection)較不敏感土地(less sensitive land use)按污染程度評(píng)價(jià)分類Not very seriousModerately seriousSeriousVery serious 10 guideline values16 國(guó)內(nèi)土壤環(huán)境質(zhì)量標(biāo)準(zhǔn) 14 巴西圣保羅州土壤環(huán)境質(zhì)量標(biāo)準(zhǔn) quality reference value 參考值preventing value, 預(yù)防值intervention value 干涉值The model used by CETESB to obtain

26、these values was based on that developed by the Netherlands National Institute of Public Health and Environment.15 德國(guó)土壤環(huán)境質(zhì)量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)中的特色. 三級(jí)設(shè)定:Precaution levels 預(yù)防值Trigger levels啟動(dòng)值A(chǔ)ction levels 行動(dòng)值. 污染途徑(Pathway):Soil human beings(direct contact) 土壤 人體直接接觸Soilplants(transfer) 土壤植物轉(zhuǎn)移Soilgroundwater 土壤 地下水.土壤用途:Agriculture 農(nóng)業(yè)Gardening 園地Green land 綠地.acceptable additional annual load of hazad ous substances 有害物質(zhì)可接受年負(fù)荷Cadmium鎘6 (g/ha*a) TOC o 1-5 h z Lead 鉛400Chromium鉻300Copper 銅360.國(guó)家土壤環(huán)境質(zhì)量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)GB15618-1995 TOC o 1-5 h z 污染物10 項(xiàng)，其