語言學常用術語英漢對照表

1、精選優(yōu)質文檔-傾情為你奉上精選優(yōu)質文檔-傾情為你奉上專心-專注-專業(yè)專心-專注-專業(yè)精選優(yōu)質文檔-傾情為你奉上專心-專注-專業(yè)語言學常用術語英漢對照表Chapter 1 Introduction to Linguistics語言學簡介1. anthropological linguistics 人類語言學2. applied linguistics 應用語言學3. arbitrariness任意性4. competence 語言能力5. computational linguistics 計算機語言學6. cultural transmission 文化傳遞性7. descriptive (g

2、rammar) 描寫（語法）8. descriptive function 描寫功能9. design features識別特征10. diachronic linguistics 歷時語言學11. duality二重性12. displacement不受時空限制的特征13. emotive function 表情功能14. expressive function表達功能 15. general linguisitcs 普通語言學16. ideational function概念功能17. interpersonal function人際功能18. langue語言19. linguistic

3、s ligwistiks 語言學20. morphology 形態(tài)學21. mathematical linguistics 數(shù)理語言學22. metalinguistic function 23. neurological linguistics 神經(jīng)語言學24. phonetics 語音學25. phonology 音系學26. pragmatics 語用學27. prescriptive (grammar)規(guī)定（語法）28. psycholinguistics 心理語言學29. parole 言語30. performance語言運用31. productivity能產性 32. poe

4、tic function詩學功能33. phatic communion 交感性談話34. referential function所指功能35. semantics 語義學36. social function社會功能37. socio-linguistics 社會語言學38. synchronic linguistics共時語言學39. syntax句法學40. textual function語篇功能41. Traditional Grammar傳統(tǒng)語法Chapter 2 Phonology 音系學1. acoustic phonetics聲學語音學2. articulatory pho

5、netics發(fā)音語音學3. affricate破擦音4. allophone音位變體5. alveolar齒齦音6. auditory phonetics聽覺語音學7. aspiration送氣8. assimilation rules同化現(xiàn)象9. back vowel后元音10. bilabial雙唇音11. broad transcription寬式音標12. central vowel中元音13. close vowel閉元音14. complementary distribution互補分布15. deletion rules省略規(guī)則16. dental齒音17. diphthong雙

6、元音18. fricative摩擦音19. front vowel前元音20. glide滑音21. glottal聲門音22. hard palate硬腭23. International Phonetics Alphabet國際音標24. intonation語調25. labiodental唇齒音26. liquid流音27. manner of articulation發(fā)音方式28. minimal pair 最小對立體29. minimal set最小對立組30. monophthong單元音31. narrow transcription嚴式音標32. nasal鼻音33. nas

7、al cavity鼻腔34. open vowel開元音35. oral cavity口腔36. palatal硬腭37. pharyngeal cavity咽腔38. place of articulation發(fā)音部位39. phone因素40. phoneme音素41. phonemic contrast音位對立42. rounded vowel元唇元音43. semi-close vowel半閉元音44. semi-open vowel半開元音45. sequential rules序列規(guī)則46. segment切分成分47.segmentation切分48. soft palate軟腭

8、49. stop塞音50. stress 重音51. suprasegmental features超切分特征52. teeth ridge齒齦53. tone聲調54. unrounded vowel非圓唇元音55. uvula小舌56. velar軟腭音57. velum軟腭58. voicing濁音化Chapter 3 Morphology 形態(tài)學1. affix詞綴2. allomorph語素變體3. base詞基 4. bound morpheme黏著語素5. lexicon詞匯6. closed class words封閉詞類7. compound words 合成詞8. deri

9、vation派生；派生過程9. derivational morphem派生語素10. free morpheme自由語素11. inflectional morpheme屈折語素12. infinitive marker不定式標記13. morph形素14. morphological rules形態(tài)規(guī)則15. open class words開放詞類16. root 詞根17. stem詞干Chapter 4 Syntax 句法學1. auxiliary助動詞2. category范疇3. complement補足語；補充成分4. complement clause補足分句5. coord

10、ination rule并列規(guī)則6. coordinate structure并列結構7. deep structure深層結構8. determiner限定詞9. head中心詞10. head movement中心詞移位11. insertion插入12. inversion倒裝13. major lexical categories主要詞匯范疇14. matrix clause主句15. minor lexical categories次要詞匯范疇16. phrase structure短語結構17. modifier修飾成分18. qualifier后置修飾成分19. specifie

11、r標志語20. subcategorization次范疇化21. surface structure表層結構22. syntactic category句法范疇23. trace語跡24. transformation轉換Chapter 5 Semantics語義學1. antonymy反義現(xiàn)象2. argument謂元；變元3. behaviorism行為主義4. co-hyponym并列下義詞5. collocational synonym搭配同義詞6. complementary antonym互補反義詞7. complete homonym完全同形異義詞8. componential

12、analysis成分分析9. conceptualist view概念論10. contextualism語境主義11. contradition自相矛盾的說法12. dialectal synonym方言同義詞13. emotive meaning情感意義14. entailment蘊含15. evaluative meaning評價意義16. gradable antonym層級反義詞17. homograph同形異義詞18. homonymy同音同形異義關系19. homophone同音異義詞20. hyponym下義詞21. hyponymy下義關系22. inconsistency自

13、相矛盾23. polysemy多義關系24. polysymous word多義詞25. presupposition預設26. predication analysis述謂分析27. predicate謂詞28. naming theory命名論29. no-place predicaiton空位述謂解耦股30. one-place predication一位述謂結構31. reference（所指）語義32. referent所指物；所指對象33. relational opposite關系反義詞34. semantic triangle語義三角35. sense意義36. stylist

14、ic synonym語體同義詞37. superordinate上坐標詞38. symbol符號39. synonym同義詞40. synonymy同義關系41. two-place predicaiton二位述謂結構42. three-place predication三位述謂結構Chapter 6 Pragmatics語用學1. Commissives承諾類2. Cooperative Principle合作原則3. constatives述事話語4. context語境5. conventional implicature規(guī)約含義6. declarations宣告類7. directiv

15、es指令類8. expressives表情類9. illocutionary act言外功能10. illocutionary point言外之的 11. implicature蘊含；含義；會話含義；言外之意12. indirect speech act間接言語行為13. locutionary act言內行為14. maxim of relation關系準則15. maxim of manner方式準則16. maxim of quality質準則17. maxim of quantity量準則18. particularized conversational implicature特殊會話

16、含義19. perfomatives行事話語 20. perlocutionary act言后行為21. presupposition前提22. primary speech act 主要言語行為23. representatives表述類24. secondary speech act次要言語行為25. sentence meaning 句子意義26. speech act theory言語行為理論27. utterance meaning話語意義Chapter 7 Language Change語言變化1. acronyms 詞首字母縮略詞2. back-formation 逆成法3. b

17、lending混成法4. borrowing借詞5. clipped words截略詞6. coinage創(chuàng)新詞 7. functional shift功能性變化8. historical linguistics歷史語言學9. Middle English中世紀英語10. Modern English現(xiàn)代英語11. morphological change形態(tài)變化12. negation rule否定規(guī)則13. Old English古英語14. phonological change音位變化15. semantic change語義變化16. semantic shift語義轉移17. sy

18、ntactic change句法變化Chapter 8 Language and society語言與社會1. bilingualism雙語制2. Black English黑人英語3. creole克里奧爾語4. diglossia雙語；雙言制5. ethnic dialect種族變體6. field of discourse語場7. gender性別8. idiolect個人變體9. mode of discourse語式10. multilingualism多語制11. pidgin洋涇浜語12. regional dialect地域方言13. register語域14. sociole

19、ct社會變體15. speech community言語社團16. speech variety言語變體17. tenor of discourse語旨Chapter 9 Language and culture語言與社會1. acculturation 同化過程2. amalgamation混合3. assimilation同化（現(xiàn)象）；同化（作用）4. connotative meaning內涵意義5. colour words顏色詞6. cultural overlap文化重疊7. cultural imperialism文化帝國主義8. denotative meaning外延意義9.

20、 linguistic relativity語言相對性10. metaphor隱喻11. Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis薩丕爾沃爾夫假說12. socialization社會化13. taboo禁忌語14. intercultural communication跨文化交際15. linguistic imperialism語言學中的帝國主義16. linguistic nationalism語言學中的民族主義Chapter 10 Language acquisition語言習得1. aphasia失語癥2. behaviorist 行為主義者3. caretaker talk保姆

21、式語言4. cognitive linguistics認知語言學5. content word實詞6. Critical Period Hypothesis臨界期假說7. dysgraphia書寫困難8. dyslexia失讀癥9. feedback反饋10. function element起功能作用成分11. hearing impairment聽力受損12. innatist語法天生主義者13. interactionist互動主義者14. Language Acquisition Device語言習得機制15. lexical contrast詞匯對比16. mental retard

22、ation智障17. motherese保姆式語言18. over-extension過度擴展19. prototype theory 原型理論20. recast修正性重復21. stuttering口吃22. telegraphic speech電報式言語23. under-extension擴展不足24. Universal Grammar普遍語法Chapter 11 Second language acquisition 第二語言習得1. affect/social strategies 社會策略2. age of acquisition習得年齡3. cognitive strateg

23、ies認知策略4. comprehensible input可理解性輸入5. Constrastive Analysis對比分析6. cross-association互相聯(lián)想7. Error Analysis錯誤分析8. foreign language外語9. foreigner talk外國人談話10. fossilization語言石化（現(xiàn)象）11. Input Hypothesis輸入假說12. instrumental motivation工具動機13. intake 納入14. integrative motivation綜合動機15. interference干擾16. int

24、erlanguage中介語17. interlingual errors語際錯誤；受母語影響的錯誤18. Intralingual error語內錯誤19. intrinsic motivation內在動機20. intuition知覺；語感21. learner language學習者語言22. learning strategies學習策略23. language aptitude語言能力24. language transfer語言遷移25. metacognitive strategies元認知策略26. motivation動機27. modified input修改后的輸入28.

25、modified interaction變化性的互動29. negative transfer消極遷移；負遷移30. overgeneralization概括過頭31. personality人格；性格；個性32. positive transfer積極遷移；正遷移33. resultative motivation結果動機34. second language第二語言35. second language acquisition第二語言習得36. teacher talk教師談話37. target language目標語Chapter 12 Language and the brain 語

26、言與大腦1. acquired dysgraphia習得性書寫障礙2. acquired dyslexia習得性失讀癥3. angular gyrus隅骨4. autopsy studies尸檢研究5. brain stem腦干6. Brocas aphasia布羅卡失語癥7. Brocas area布羅卡區(qū)8. bottom-up processing自下而上處理過程cerebrum大腦9. central sulcus中央溝10. cerebellum小腦 腦向背側突出的一個較大的部分，尤與肌肉的共濟運動和維持身體平衡有關11. cerebral hemisphere大腦半球12. coh

27、ort model交股模型13. Computarized Axial Tomography計算機化軸向層面X射線攝影法14. corpus（語言）素材15. corpus callosum胼胝體16. cortex大腦皮層17. deep dyslexia深層誦讀困難18. Dichotic listening studies雙耳分聽實驗19. event-related potential experiment20. eye movement experiment眼動實驗21. fissure裂縫；裂隙22. fluent aphasia流利性失語癥23. frontal lobe額葉（大腦半球的前部，其下部位于顱前窩，后界中央溝24. Functional MRI功能磁共振成像25. garden path sentence花園路徑句26. global aphasia整體性失語癥27. gyrus回28. hierarchical structure層級結構29. late closure principle后封閉原則；晚封閉原則30.