主動語態(tài)變被動語態(tài)

1、主動語態(tài)變被動語態(tài)“主謂賓”句型先將主動語態(tài)中的賓語變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)中的主語，然后將主動語態(tài)中的謂語動詞變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)的形式，最后在謂語動詞后加by，再將主動語態(tài)中的主語置于by之后。如：Bellinventedthetelephonein1876.-ThetelephonewasinventedbyBell.Themanagerhasnotsignedthepapers.-Thepapershavenotbeensignedbythemanager.有時變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)后by可以省略。如：Ipostedthatletterlastnight.-Theletterwaspostedlastnight.如

2、果賓語是that從句，變?yōu)楸粍咏Y(jié)構(gòu)時可以用it做被動句的形式主語。如：Theyknowthatheisanexpert.-Itisknownthatheisanexpert被動結(jié)構(gòu)中的by短語有時表示方式或原因。如：Apolicemanisknownbytheclotheshewears.警察可以通過他穿的衣服認(rèn)出來。“主謂賓賓”句型(雙賓語句型)只將主動語態(tài)中的一個賓語變?yōu)楸粍咏Y(jié)構(gòu)中主語，另一個賓語不變，不變的賓語叫做保留賓語。如果是將間接賓語作為保留賓語，則它之前要加介詞to或for。如：Hetoldheralongstory.-Shewastoldalongstory.-alongsto

3、rywastoldtoher.Motherboughtmeanewcoat.-Iwasboughtanewcoat.-Anewcoatwasboughtforme.一般是將指人的賓語變?yōu)楸粍咏Y(jié)構(gòu)中的主語。如：Theteacheraskedthestudentsaveryunusualquestion.-Thestudentswereaskedaveryunusualquestion.備忘：直接賓語為動作的承受者，而間接賓語是對直接賓語的修飾?！爸髦^復(fù)合賓語”句型所謂復(fù)合賓語就是含有一個賓語和一個賓語補(bǔ)足語，它變?yōu)楸粍咏Y(jié)構(gòu)時只把主動結(jié)構(gòu)中的賓語變?yōu)楸粍咏Y(jié)構(gòu)中的主語，而賓語補(bǔ)足語不變。如：They

4、chooseTomcaptain.-Tomwaschosencaptain.Theyrecognisedhimasagenius.-Hewasrecognisedasagenius.Weaskedtheteachertoexplainthedifficultsentencesagain.Theteacherwasaskedtoexplainthedifficultsentencesagain.在以下情況下，主動語態(tài)不能變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)謂語是leave,enter,reach,suit,benefit,lack等及物動詞。謂語是不可拆的動詞短語，如takeplace,loseheart,belong

5、to等。賓語是反身代詞，相互代詞，不定式，動名詞。被動語態(tài)與系表結(jié)構(gòu)的比較所謂系表結(jié)構(gòu)，是指“連系動詞用作表語的過去分詞”構(gòu)成的結(jié)構(gòu)。1)被動語態(tài)中的分詞是動詞，表動作。系表結(jié)構(gòu)中的分詞相當(dāng)于形容詞，表狀態(tài)。如：Thecompositionwaswrittenwithgreatcare.這篇文章寫得很認(rèn)真。(被動語態(tài))Thecompositioniswellwritten.這篇文章是寫得很好的。Thisfoodissoldquickly.Thisfoodissoldout.2)系表結(jié)構(gòu)只用于一般現(xiàn)在時和過去時，不用于進(jìn)行時，將來時和完成時。而被動語態(tài)可用與任何時態(tài)。如：Ihavebeendri

6、ventoit.Theflowerswillbeplantednextweek.重點詞語和短語1)of和among當(dāng)of表示“在.之中”時，一般有兩種情況：A當(dāng)句子的主語是代詞all,none,some,several和具體數(shù)字one,two等。B用于比較級或最高級的句子中。如：Ofthe60customswhowerefrisked,onlyeightwerenotcarryingitems.在60名被搜了身的顧客中，只有8人身上沒有藏東西。Ofalljeffersonsmanytalents,oneiscentralhewasagoodandtirelesswriter.在Jefferso

7、n眾多的才能中，有一個是最主要的他是一位出色的，不知疲倦的作家。Ofallanimalsthehorseisthemostuseful.Whichistheshorterofthetworosds?among是指在一群人或一堆東西之中。如：Thebookwasfoundamongtheoldnewspaper.Amongtheuniversities,OxfordandCambridgeholdadominantposition.在所有的大學(xué)中，牛津和劍橋占有統(tǒng)治地位。2)cometo蘇醒，醒悟(不及物動詞短語)例：Shefaintedinthestoreandfoundherselfinth

8、efirstaidroomwhenshecameto她昏倒在商店里，醒來后發(fā)現(xiàn)自己已經(jīng)躺在了急救室里。Whenwillhecometoaftertheoperation?bring.to使某人蘇醒(及物動詞短語)Peterfainted,butwewereabletobringhimtotenminuteslater.Peter昏了過去，但10分鐘之后我們使他醒了過來。Peterfainted,buthecametotenminuteslater.Verb+賓語+intodoing一般表示一種結(jié)果它的被動式為：be+done+intodoing用于以上這種結(jié)構(gòu)的動詞有：forcepersuad

9、etalkshocktemptfrightendeceive例：ThebeastlybehaviourofthepolicemanfrightenedlittleTomintocrying.那名警察野獸般的行為把小湯姆嚇哭了。Samssonstriedtotalkhimintoretiringatseventy.Sam的兒子試圖勸說他70歲退休。Hepersuadedmeintogivinguptheplan.他說服了我放棄這個計劃。Ithinkthesedisplaysinshopsonlytemptpeopleintostealing.我認(rèn)為商店里的陳列品只會引誘別人去偷。Noone,No

10、neof和Notoneofnoone的意思和nobody一樣沒有人例：Noonewishedmeahappybirthday.Istayedinalleveningwaiting,butnoonecame.我在呆在家等了一晚上，可是沒有人來。Noneof和Notoneof都強(qiáng)調(diào)“沒有一個”語氣比noone要強(qiáng)例：Noneofmyfriendswishedmeahappybirthday.我的朋友中沒有一個祝我生日快樂。Notoneofmyshirtsisclean.我的襯衣沒有一件是干凈的。SightPhrasesatfirstsight第一次看見，乍一看例：Theyfellinlovewit

11、heachotheratfirstsight.他們一見鐘情。atthesightof當(dāng)見到(=onseeing)例：Atthesightofthepoliceofficer,themanranoff.那個人一見到警察就逃之夭夭了。Shealwaysfaintsatthesightofblood.她見到血就會暈倒。catchsightof發(fā)現(xiàn)（=find）例：Icaughtsightofherasshecameroundthecorner.當(dāng)她拐彎的時候，我就發(fā)現(xiàn)了她。keepsightof注視著（=watch）例：Hekeptsightofherasshewalkedalongthestree

12、t.她在街上走的時候，他一直注視著她。comeintosight出現(xiàn)，進(jìn)入視野例：Iwaitedawholehouratthebusstopbeforeabuscameintosight.我在車站等了一個小時，公共汽車才出現(xiàn)。outofsight在視野之外例：Keepthedocumentsoutofhissight.別讓他看到這些文件。WordBuilding-ous形容詞后綴，加于名詞詞尾。這些名詞一般以er,-age,-ry等結(jié)尾dangerdangerousadvantageadvantageousmysterymysteriousglorygloriousfamefamous名詞ed

13、-ed加于名詞詞尾，變成其形容詞形式特指有的”表示一種狀態(tài)colorcolored有色的privilegeprivileged有特權(quán)的moneymoneyed有錢的beardbearded有胡須的wingwinged有翅膀的skillskilled有技術(shù)的,熟練的ageaged上年紀(jì)的口語練習(xí)text1）W:jim,Letsstartmakingplansforourvacation.M:ButMary,IdontgetmyvacationuntilJuly.Thatsnotforsixmonths.W:Andsixmonthsisnotaverylongtime.Beforeyouknowi

14、t,Julywillbehereandwewontbeprepared.Q:Whendosetheconversationtakeplace?(text2)M:DoyouhaveyourChristmasshoppingdoneyet?W:Almost,Igotawatchformyhusband,andIcantseemtofindanythingformydad,Hewouldprobablylikeanewtieoracaseforhisbooks.Q:WhatdidthewomanbuyforherhusbandasaChristmasgift?(text3)W:HelloMr.jon

15、es.ThisisBetty.MayIspeaktomyhusband?M:Johnisinthelabnow,Andthenheisgoingtoeatlunch,Illtellhimtocallyouathome.Q:WhereisMr.John?(text4)W:Imoutofdrawingpaper.Willyoulendmesome?M:Idonthaveanyeither,butImgoingtothebookstore.Illgetyousome.Q:Whatisthemangoingtodo?(text5)M:Itsbeenrainingforthepastfewweeks,b

16、uttodayisaniceday.Whataboutgoingtothebeach?W:ItsprobablybetterthatIdontgo.ItsverysunnyandIburneasily.M:Really?Illgotherewithsomeotherfriends.Q:Whatdosethemanmean?(text6)M:WillyoubegoinghomeforChristmasthisyear,Susan?W:Iwantto,butIdontknowifIllhaveenoughmoneybythen.M:YouliveinLosAngeles,dontyou?W:Thatsright.Andtheplaneticketisveryexpensive.M:Whydontyougobytrain?Itwouldbecheaperthantheplane.W:Yes,butIdontliketrainverymuch.M:Howaboutthebu