2019-2020年高考英語(yǔ)二輪復(fù)習(xí)闖關(guān)導(dǎo)練第二部分閱讀理解技巧與體裁演練課時(shí)15閱讀理解七選五

1、2019-2020年高考英語(yǔ)二輪復(fù)習(xí)闖關(guān)導(dǎo)練第二部分閱讀理解技巧與體裁演練課時(shí)15閱讀理解七選五一、題型特點(diǎn)閱讀理解七選五主要考查對(duì)文章整體內(nèi)容、 結(jié)構(gòu)以及上下文邏輯的理解和掌握。 七選五 以考查細(xì)節(jié)理解為主。文章以說(shuō)明文和議論文居多，且結(jié)構(gòu)清晰，過(guò)程完整，適合考查標(biāo)題概括、主題句和過(guò)渡句等，以達(dá)到考查學(xué)生綜合閱讀能力的要求。短文的特點(diǎn)如下：選材特點(diǎn)：短文一般為 300詞左右的說(shuō)明文或議論文，其中正文詞數(shù)240詞左右，選項(xiàng)詞數(shù)60詞左右；篇章結(jié)構(gòu)常為：提出問(wèn)題一一解決問(wèn)題；七個(gè)選項(xiàng)意義上都與短文相關(guān)，設(shè)空類(lèi)型一般有標(biāo)題類(lèi)、段落主題句類(lèi)、過(guò)渡句類(lèi)、細(xì)節(jié)類(lèi)；選項(xiàng)均為完整句子，句型不一；順序通常按長(zhǎng)

2、度排列。二、解題技巧通讀全文快速瀏覽文章，尋找主題句，弄清文章結(jié)構(gòu)及文章內(nèi)容。在閱讀過(guò)程中，要注意文章的開(kāi)始與結(jié)束段落，尤其是文章的首句及末句，因?yàn)椤伴_(kāi)門(mén)見(jiàn)山”與“結(jié)尾總結(jié)”的寫(xiě)作方式較為常見(jiàn)。首段一般是全文的主題所在，說(shuō)明文章將探討的內(nèi)容，并會(huì)簡(jiǎn)要指出文章的寫(xiě)作思路，有時(shí)甚至?xí)蕴峋V的形式呈現(xiàn)。掌握首句對(duì)于快速掌握文章的主題具有重要意義，如果首句是文章的主題句，就可以使讀者迅速明確文章將如何展開(kāi)，并對(duì)文章的寫(xiě)作主題有一個(gè)整體的了解。如果首句不是主題句，則需要繼續(xù)尋找。這時(shí)，可以考慮文章的寫(xiě)作方式是否為“結(jié)尾總結(jié)”式，如兩者均可排除，則需要在文章中的其他段落尋找主題句，但要注意首段與末段的提示

3、作用。略讀段落在短時(shí)間內(nèi)找出每段的關(guān)鍵詞。明確各段的主題句或段落大意。文章正文部分通常分為若干段落。各段落會(huì)圍繞文章主題展開(kāi)， 對(duì)文章主題從不同的方面進(jìn)行敘述。找出各個(gè)段落中的關(guān)鍵詞，明確其描述內(nèi)容，為解答題目作好鋪墊。定位選項(xiàng)明確各備選項(xiàng)的含義，抓往其中的關(guān)鍵詞語(yǔ)，根據(jù)文章結(jié)構(gòu)與具體內(nèi)容將選項(xiàng)填入文中， 填寫(xiě)時(shí)要注意各選項(xiàng)中出現(xiàn)的銜接性標(biāo)志詞。在定位選項(xiàng)時(shí)，要特別注意空白所在段落的上、下段的寫(xiě)作內(nèi)容，以及空白所在段落上段的尾句和下一段的首句。將所選選項(xiàng)放入空白處，看看是否與上下文構(gòu)成語(yǔ)意及邏輯上的 一致關(guān)系，是否符合該處語(yǔ)境，能否使文章無(wú)論在內(nèi)容還是銜接上都連貫。一篇文章作為一個(gè)整體是有其寫(xiě)

4、作的線索與思路的，在定位選項(xiàng)時(shí)，尤其要注意，文章的寫(xiě)作線索，文章寫(xiě)作思路的連貫性使文章的每個(gè)段落、每個(gè)句子都成為文章必不可少的一 部分。如果選項(xiàng)放入空白處后，文章寫(xiě)作線索中斷或是前后矛盾，應(yīng)更換其他選項(xiàng)。通讀復(fù)檢將所選選項(xiàng)代入文中，再次通讀全文，重點(diǎn)檢查邏輯關(guān)系和關(guān)聯(lián)結(jié)構(gòu)。在完成選項(xiàng)定位后， 應(yīng)通讀全文，檢查文章內(nèi)容是否完整，語(yǔ)意是否連貫，各段內(nèi)容是否緊扣主題，語(yǔ)篇結(jié)構(gòu)是否通順連貫、合乎邏輯，寫(xiě)作思路是否清晰明了， 格式以及用語(yǔ)是否恰當(dāng)，從而判斷選擇的選項(xiàng)是否正確。 同時(shí)，我們還應(yīng)注意對(duì)相近選項(xiàng)的對(duì)比分析， 個(gè)別 干擾項(xiàng)由于與正確選項(xiàng)的內(nèi)容相近而具有很強(qiáng)的干擾性，這時(shí)就需要我們認(rèn)真分析， 仔細(xì)

5、甄別，排除干擾，從而得出正確選項(xiàng)。研究多余選項(xiàng)，確定排除理由，最終確定答案?！镜漕}演練】（xx 全國(guó)新課標(biāo)I卷）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。If anyone had told methree years ago that I would be spending most of myweekends camping , I would have laughed heartily.Campers , in my eyes, were people who enjoyed in sect bites, ill-cooked meals , an

6、d un fortable sleep ing bags.They had nothing inmon with me._1_The friends who introduced me to camping thought that it meant to be a pioneer._2_ Weslept in a tent , cooked over an open fire , and walked a long distanee to take the shower and use the bathroom.This brief visit with Mother Nature cost

7、 me two days off from work , recovering from a bad case of sunburn and the doctors bill for my sons food pois oning.I was , nevertheless , talked into going on another fun-filled holiday in thewilderness._3_ In stead, we had a pop-up camper with fortable beds and an aircon diti on er.My n ature-lov

8、ing friends had remembered to bring all the n ecessities of life._4_ We have done a lot of it since.Recently, we bought a twenty-eight-foottravel trailer plete with a bathroom and a built-i n TV set.There is a separatebedroom, a modern kitchen with a refrigerator.The trailer even has matching carpet

9、 and curta ins._5_ It must be true that sooner or later, every one finds his or her way backto n ature .I reme nd that you find your way in style.This time there was no tent.Things are going to be improved.The trip they took me on was a rough one. I was to lear n a lot about camp ing si nee the n, h

10、owever.I must say that I have eertainly e to enjoy camping.After the trip , my family became quite interested in camping.There was no shade as the trees were no more than 3 feet tall.【能力提升】A根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。The iPh one, the iPad, each of Apples products sounds cool and has be

11、e a fad（一時(shí)的風(fēng)尚）._1_ And many other bran ds are followi ng suit. The BBCs iPlayer which allows Web users to watch TV programs on the Internet adopted thetitle in xx. A lovely bear popular in the US and UK that plays music and videois called“ iTeddy ” . _ 2_In general, single-letterprefixes（ 前綴）have be

12、en popular since the 1990s, whenterms such as e-mail and e-merce first came into use.Most “ i ” products are targeted at young people and considering the major readers of Independents“i”， its no surprise that theyveselected thisfashi on able n ame._3_ Why not use“ a”，“ b”，or “ c ” in stead? Accord i

13、ng to Tony Thorne,head of the Language Center at Kings College, London,“i ” works because itsmeaning has bee ambiguous. When Apple uses “i ”， no one knows whether it means Intern et, infor mati on, in dividual or in teractive, Thorne told BBCMagaz in es. “ Even whe n Apple created the iPod, it seems

14、 it did nt have one clear defi niti on，” hesays.“ However, tha nks to Apple, the term is now associated with portability （輕便）.” adds Thorne._4_ Each person believes they have theirown needs, and we love personalizedproducts for this reas on.Along with“Google” and “blog ”， readers of BBC Magazines vo

15、ted“i” asone of the top 20 words that have e to defi ne the last decade.But as history shows, people grow tired of fads（時(shí)尚）.From the 1900s to 1990s, products with “ 2000” in their n ames became fashi on able as the year was associated with all things adva need and moder n. _5_.But its hard to see wh

16、ats so special about the letter“ i ” . The letter“b” replaces letter “i” to name the products. Apple has cleverly taken advantage of the power of the letter“ i ” .However, as we entered the new century, the trend inevitably disappeared.Nowadays, the “i ” term often reminds people of the products whi

17、chareen viro nmen tally frien dly. A version of Londons Independent newspaper was launched last week under the a ”name i . Clearly the letter“i ” also agrees with the idea that the Western World is cen tered on the in dividual.B根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Sometimes people e into your li

18、fe and you e to realize that they were meant tobe there, to serve some sort of purpose, teach you a less on, or to help you figureout who you are or who you want to bee. You never know who these people may be (possiblyyour roommate, neighbor,co-worker, Iong-lost friend, lover, or even a pletestra ng

19、er). _1And sometimes things happen to you that may seem horrible,painful,and unfairat first, but in reflect ionyou find that without overi ng those obstacles you wouldhave never realized your potential, strength, willpower or heart. Everything happens for a reason. Nothing happens by chanee or by me

20、ans of good luck. _2_ Without these small tests, whatever they may be, life would be like a smoothly paved, straight, flat road to no where.3The people you meet who affect your life, and the success and dow nfalls youexperie nee, help to create who you are and who you bee. Even the bad experie ncesc

21、an be lear ned from. _4_ If some one hurts you, betrays you, or breaks your heart, forgive them, for they have helped you learn about trust and the importanee of being cautious whe n you ope n your heart. Ifsome one loves you, love them back uncon diti on ally, not only because they love you, but be

22、cause in a way, they are teach ing you to love and how to ope n your heart and eyes to thin gs.5_ Appreciate every mome nt and take from those mome nts everyth ing that you possibly can, for you may never be able to experienee it again. Talk to people that you have n ever talked to before, and actua

23、lly liste n. Let yourself fall in love, break free, and set your sights high, hold your head up because you have every right to. Tell yourself you are a great in dividual and believe in yourself, for if you dont believe in yourself, it will be hard for others to believe in you.Make every moment coun

24、t.Money is very useful but they cant buy anything.It would be safe and fortable, but dull and rather pointless.In fact they are probably the most miserable and important ones.Things often turn out in an unfavorable way that you reluctantly expect.But when you lock eyes with（ 目光鎖定于 ）them, you know in

25、 an instant that they will affect your life in some way. Illness,injury, love, brilliant achievements, and sheer stupidity all occur to test the limits of your soul.C根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Are you a saver or a spe nder?A penny saved is a penny earned. _1 _“ Puttingmoneyaway for a r

26、ainy day”is ano ther way to talk about savi ng for the future.People who hate to spend money are known as “tightwads ”， while those who like to get the most value for their money are called“thrifty ” . A thrifty person isdifferent from a spendthrift. _2_ Peoplelike that are often said to spendmoney

27、“l(fā)ike a drunken sailor ” or “l(fā)ike theres no tomorrow ”.In the United States, people who want to start a savings account have different choices of where to put their mon ey. These in clude banks and credit unions. Credit unions are cooperatives for people who have some kind of connection. For example

28、, the members might work for a uni versity or a gover nment age ncy. _3_Credit unions, banks and other finan cial in stituti ons pay in terest on savi ngsacco un ts. But the in terest rates are low. Certificates of deposit（存款）pay higherreturns. With a certificate of deposit, a person agrees not to w

29、ithdraw the moneyfor a certa in period of time. _4 Lon gerterms and larger amounts pay higherin terest.People can withdraw their money early but they have to pay a pen alty（罰金）.In a nu mber of coun tries, people have bee n savi ng less over the years. It is reported that in xx, America ns had a hous

30、ehold savi ngs rate of 7%. _5_ Many Europea n coun trieshave higher rates, but America ns save more tha n families in Japa n.Before gold, even kings take off their hats.People are willing to save money for the future.Most credit unions are non-profit organizations.This year the rate is expected to b

31、e a little more than 4%.A spe ndthrift is some one who spe nds money wastefully.This old saying calls attention to the wisdom of saving money.This term could be any where from a few mon ths to several years.D根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Every animal sleeps， but the reason for this has re

32、mained foggy.When lab ratsare not allowed to sleep ，they die with in a month._1_One idea is that sleep helps us stre ngthe n new memories._2_ We know that，while awake， fresh memories are recorded by reinforcing（力口強(qiáng)）connections betweenbrain cells ， but the memory processes that take place while we sl

33、eep have been un clear.Support is growing for a theory that sleep evolved so that connectionsbetweenneurons （ 神經(jīng)元）in the brain can be weakened overnight， making room for freshmemories to form the n ext day._3_ _Now we have the most direct evide nee yet that he is right._4_ The syn apsesin the mice t

34、aken at the end of a period of sleep were 18 per cent smaller than those taken before sleep ， showing that the connections between neurons weaken while sleep ing.If Tononis theory is right ， it would explain why，when we miss a nights sleep ， we find it harder the next day to concentrate and learn ne

35、w information our brains may have smaller room for new experie nces.Their research also suggests how we may build lasti ng memories over time eve n though the syn apses bee thinn er.The team discovered that some syn apses seem to be protected and stayed the same size._5 “You keep what matters ，” Ton

36、oni says.We should also try to sleep well the night before.Its as if the brain is preserving its most important memories. Similarly , when people go for a few days without sleeping, they get sick.The processes take place to stop our brains being loaded with memories.Thats why students do better in t

37、ests if they get a chanee to sleep after learni ng.Tononi, who developed，or synapses ，in the選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余_1_ Though it might Sleep is the pri ce we pay for learning ，” says Giulio the idea.G. Tononis team measured the size of these connections brains of 12 mice.根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)。Qualities

38、of a Good Frie ndGood friends always make life seem much easier and better.be unn ecessary to know the defi niti ons of a good frien d, it is importa nt to know the qualities of a good friend and the skills to be a good friend!_2_ To be a good friend, you must fully accept your friend with his/her f

39、aults.Friendship is all about awareness and acceptanee of people as they are. An important test of frien dship is the reliability of a frie nd. Whether to keep a secret or ifshe wants to get help in an emergency the reliability is an important ingredient（成分）in frien dship.Liv ing together is one of

40、the most beautiful frien dships. It is not a matterwhatever friends always stick! Be it one of the most bori ng days in your life or one of the toughest battles of life or one of its most memorable mome nts in life!_3_ Even if your friend thinks they are wrong, he/she will first try to assureyou tha

41、t no matter which side you choose, true friends are always two steps back!If you look horrible in that dress you bought last week, a true friend will always tell you! _4_ True frien ds, who ofte n speak from their min ds, are ready to giveyou a taste of the bitter truth even sugar coated（涂上）or help

42、you deal withit!Often whe n you feel sad or depressed, you n eed not ever expla in to your friendthat you are feeli ng bad. _5_ Un dprsta nding without words, that is the highestlevel of friendship.To be a good friend requires patienee to understand your friend.Loyalty is the best policy of all.Hon

43、esty is esse ntial in any relati on ship.A true friend knows when you are upset. Full accepta nee is a key eleme nt of any huma n relati on ship.Understanding is always important between you and your friend.Unconditional support and encouragement is one of the things that friendshave.In our busy liv

44、es, sometimes whenwe feel stuck and isolated, it is our friends who spe nd their time with us.F根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Most cars have seat belts as part of their equipment. Seat belts protect drivers and passe ngers in case of accide nts. They also reduce the effect of a crash on th

45、e body. _1_ Worldwide, the devices have protected up to a milli on people.America first recog ni zed the inven ti on of an automobile seat belt in 1849.Thegover nment gave a pate nt to an engin eer n amed Edward Claghor n of New York City sothat others would not copy his inven ti on of a safety devi

46、ce. _2_ This early_version of safety belt was said to include hooks and other attachments for securing the pers on to a fixed object.Other inven tors followed with differe nt versions of the seat belt. _3_ It_resulted from the work of a Swedish engineer, Nils Bohlin. His three-point,lap andshoulder

47、seat belt first appeared on cars in Europe 50 years ago.Nils Bohli n recog ni zed that both the upper and lower body n eeded to be heldsecurely in place. His inven ti on contained a cloth strap （帶子）that was placedacross the chest and ano ther strap across the hips （臂部）. _4_Volvo was the first pany t

48、o offer the moder n seat belt to its cars. This panyalso provided use of N ils Bohli ns desig n to other car-makers._5_ He received a gold medal from the Royal Swedish Academy of Engin eeri ngScie nces in 1995.He died in Swede n in xx.Claghorn called his invention a safety belt.The design joined the

49、 straps next to the hip.The Swedish engineer won many honors for his seat belt. Claghorn was a promising young engineer with many honors all his life.But more than 100 years passed before the current seat belt was developed.There are many panies adopting Nils Bohlins invention of the seat belt.tran

50、sferable job skills,will make all the differenee.Safety experts say that seat belts save thousands of lives a year in America alone.G根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Spending a term abroad can be one of the most thrilli ng experie nces of yourcollege career. _1_ The followingare top tips of

51、the experts on improving yourtime abroad.Set specific goals.“ Set goals for yourself whe n going abroad so that you canbring experie nces back home with you，” says Harris on ， the Outreach Man ager of Go Abroad. “Whether you want t o learn to cook a traditional recipe from your host family or pack f

52、or the Ion g-term，these less ons of daily life can tran slate back home_2_. ”Befriend the locals.“Make at least one local friend ， ” says Matthew,co-founder of Students Gone Global. “Join a club， munity service group， or a sports league. _3 _ Go out of your way to talk to students in your classes.”_

53、4_ “Take classes that are interesting and related to the local culture. ” says Matthew. “I highly remend classes with field trips because your professor can show you a side of the country you n ever would have see n on your own.”If youre stay ing with a host family, do get to know them.“ When livi n

54、g witha host family, be min dful of their lifestyle and try your best to adapt to it，”says Lauren , a member of GoAbroads Conten & Outreach Team. “Have a conversation about rules and customs right away to be sure you know what your host family expects of you. _5_ Try every meal that is offered to yo

55、u at least once, and ask them to teach you how to pl ay their favorite sport or game.”Join in their way of life yourself.You must first ask your hosts permission.Sign up for classes that allow you to explore.The trips can help you out of Ioneliness.It will help you form a network and find people you

56、 click with.But its challenging to adapt to a new culture, especially when you dontspeak the n ative Ian guage.How you choose to learn from your experiences , or even apply them as選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)。How to Teach New Vocabulary Words_1_ The essential parts for teaching vocabular

57、y involve teaching students how to use a dictionary to look up words they dont know, guessing the meaning of a word from its con text and how to determ ine a defi niti on of a word using tools such as root words, prefixes and suffixes.For eleme ntary school childre n, I ook ing up words in the dicti

58、o nary is one ofthe first fun dame ntal less ons astude nt should lear n. _2_ _ You can the n help themto practice these skills by giving them a list of words to look up on a daily basis. They can play games such as dictionaryraces to see who can look up each of the wordsthe fastest, in order to mak

59、e this more interesting.Students should keep avocabulary no tebook in which they write dow n all of the new words which they n eed to look up in their dict ion aries.While learning vocabulary is useful, it is impossible for students to learn every word that they willever encounter ._3_ Students can

60、improve their vocabulary whenthey use con textualclues to help them to ide ntify the meanings of words they dontknow. Students can practice this skill by doing fill-in-the-blankexercises in whichone word is left out and they have to determ ine an appropriate word to put in the bla nk. _4_Prefixes, s