外文翻譯-FPGA技術(shù)發(fā)展探究

1、畢業(yè)設(shè)計(論文)外文資料翻譯題 目: Latest Development Trend Observation of FPGA FPGA技術(shù)發(fā)展探究 院系名稱： 信息科學(xué)與工程學(xué)院 專業(yè)班級： 電子信息科學(xué)與技術(shù)04級2班 學(xué)生姓名： 詹建超 學(xué) 號： 20044360201 指導(dǎo)教師： 焦素敏 教師職稱： 副教授 附 件： 1.外文資料翻譯譯文；2.外文原文。 指導(dǎo)教師評語：該生的英文資料與設(shè)計題目密切相關(guān)，中文翻譯語句通順，意思準(zhǔn)確，字?jǐn)?shù)符合要求，說明該生具有一定的閱讀英文資料的能力。簽名： 年 月 日附件1：外文資料翻譯譯文FPGA技術(shù)發(fā)展探究一 緒言 自1985年Xilinx公司推出第

2、一片現(xiàn)場可編程邏輯器件（FPGA）至今,FPGA已經(jīng)歷了十幾年的發(fā)展歷史。在這十幾年的發(fā)展過程中,以FPGA為代表的數(shù)字系統(tǒng)現(xiàn)場集成技術(shù)取得了驚人的發(fā)展：現(xiàn)場可編程邏輯器件從最初的1200個可利用門,發(fā)展到90年代的25萬個可利用門,乃至當(dāng)新世紀(jì)來臨之即,國際上現(xiàn)場可編程邏輯器件的著名廠商Altera公司、Xilinx公司又陸續(xù)推出了數(shù)百萬門的單片F(xiàn)PGA芯片,將現(xiàn)場可編程器件的集成度提高到一個新的水平?？v觀現(xiàn)場可編程邏輯器件的發(fā)展歷史,其之所以具有巨大的市場吸引力,根本在于：FPGA不僅可以解決電子系統(tǒng)小型化、低功耗、高可靠性等問題,而且其開發(fā)周期短、開發(fā)軟件投入少、芯片價格不斷降低,促使F

3、PGA越來越多地取代了ASIC的市場,特別是對小批量、多品種的產(chǎn)品需求,使FPGA成為首選。 目前,FPGA的主要發(fā)展動向是：隨著大規(guī)?，F(xiàn)場可編程邏輯器件的發(fā)展,系統(tǒng)設(shè)計進(jìn)入片上可編程系統(tǒng)（SOPC）的新紀(jì)元;芯片朝著高密度、低壓、低功耗方向挺進(jìn);國際各大公司都在積極擴(kuò)充其IP庫,以優(yōu)化的資源更好的滿足用戶的需求,擴(kuò)大市場;特別是引人注目的所謂FPGA動態(tài)可重構(gòu)技術(shù)的開拓,將推動數(shù)字系統(tǒng)設(shè)計觀念的巨大轉(zhuǎn)變。 二 Xilinx公司研制開發(fā)的FPGA系列產(chǎn)品的主要特征 Xilinx公司自發(fā)明FPGA以來,就不斷的推出新器件和開發(fā)工具,力求芯片的速度更高、功耗更低。其主要推出了Virtex系列和Sp

4、antanTM系列的FPGA。Virtex系列突破了傳統(tǒng)FPGA密度和性能限制,使 FPGA不僅僅是邏輯模塊,而成為一種系統(tǒng)元件。 而SpantanTM系列為替代ASIC的大容量FPGA樹立了一個新的低成本標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。 Virtex 系列FPGA集成了許多滿足系統(tǒng)級設(shè)計要求的新性能,具有獨特的結(jié)構(gòu)特點。整個Virtex系列由九種器件組成,系統(tǒng)門數(shù)從5萬到100萬門（1,728到27,648個邏輯單元）;提供給用戶的I/O引腳數(shù)最多超過500個;采用多種封裝形式,包括先進(jìn)的1.0mm FinePitchTMBGA和0.8mm芯片封裝;采用5層金屬的0.22微米CMOS工藝,實現(xiàn)5V容差的I/O接口;借

5、助于優(yōu)選的時序驅(qū)動的布局和布線工具,在400MHz的PCPU上,編譯速度可達(dá)20萬門/秒。 Virtex系統(tǒng)的獨特結(jié)構(gòu)使它具有以下一些重要性能：1.擁有四重數(shù)字化延時鎖定電路（DLL）,用于內(nèi)外時鐘同步;使芯片到芯片間的通訊速度達(dá)到200MHz;所有器件從時鐘到輸出的延時均小于3ns;時鐘可倍頻和分頻,可進(jìn)行00,900,1800,2700相移。 2.各種密度產(chǎn)品均設(shè)置向量式互連,使布線快速可預(yù)測,與內(nèi)核配合良好。 3.Virtex支持3級存儲。它的SelectRAM+存儲層為字節(jié)級（分布式存儲）、千字節(jié)級（塊存儲）和兆字節(jié)級（與外部DRAM和SRAM的SSTL3接口）存儲塊提供很高的頻寬。4

6、.采用SelectI/OTM技術(shù),同時支持多種電壓和信號標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。5.兼容66MHz/64比特PCI和Compact PCI。三.Altera公司研制開發(fā)的FPGA系列產(chǎn)品的主要特征 Altera公司的基于CMOS的現(xiàn)場可編程邏輯器件同樣具有高速、高密度、低功耗的特點。 該公司針對通信市場推出的新型低成本器件-ACEX系列。該系列的主要特點為：密度范圍從1萬到10萬門;配備鎖相環(huán)（PLL）,與64位、66MHZ的PCI兼容;產(chǎn)品系列從原1.8v擴(kuò)展至2.5v;提供系統(tǒng)速度超過115MHZ 的高性能。 Altera公司還對FPGA的結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行優(yōu)化,提供更多的嵌入式RAM。新近推出的FLEX 10KE系

7、列器件是以前的FLEX 10K系列器件的增強型,該系列在結(jié)構(gòu)上采用了與FLEX 10K系列相同的邏輯塊,但片內(nèi)嵌入式RAM是FLEX 10K系列的兩倍,而且增加了一個雙端口RAM,這對通信應(yīng)用來說是一個重要的優(yōu)勢所在。片上可編程系統(tǒng)（SOPC）得到迅速發(fā)展,主要有以下幾個原因： 1.密度在100萬門以上的現(xiàn)場可編程邏輯芯片已經(jīng)面市;2.第4代現(xiàn)場可編程邏輯器件的開發(fā)工具已經(jīng)成形,可對數(shù)量更多的門電路進(jìn)行更快速的分析和編譯,并可使多名設(shè)計人員以項目組的方式同步工作;3.知識產(chǎn)權(quán)（IP）得到重視,越來越多的設(shè)計人員以設(shè)計重用的方式對現(xiàn)有軟件代碼加以充分利用,從而提高他們的設(shè)計效率并縮短上市時間;4

8、.由于連接延遲時間的縮短,片上可編程系統(tǒng)（SOPC）能夠提供增強的性能,而且由于封裝體積的減小,產(chǎn)品尺寸也減少了。 四.Actel公司研制開發(fā)的FPGA系列產(chǎn)品的主要特征 Actel公司一直是世界反熔絲技術(shù)FPGA的領(lǐng)先供應(yīng)商,主要有兩大系列的反熔絲FPGA產(chǎn)品-SX-A 系列和MX高速系列。SX-A系列FPGA的主要特點是功耗低、在接上了所有內(nèi)部寄存器之后,200MHZ運行時的功耗不到1w,而且價格也較為低廉、并擁有良好的性能。 眾所周知采用反熔絲技術(shù)的FPGA盡管具有許多優(yōu)點,但是卻有一個致命的弱點,即只能進(jìn)行一次性編程。這就為大規(guī)模FPGA產(chǎn)品的開發(fā)帶來了許多不便。為了彌補這一不足,近年

9、來,Altel公司也在積極開發(fā)其它結(jié)構(gòu)類型的FPGA產(chǎn)品。最具代表的是其新近推出了一種非易失性、可重新編程的門陣列 -ProASIC FPGAs。該系列產(chǎn)品集于高密度、低功耗、非易失性和可重新編程于一身。ProASIC FPGAs的主要特點是：提供98,000到110,000個可用門;內(nèi)嵌擁有FIFO控制邏輯的兩端口SRAM（容量達(dá)到138,000比特）;提供大于200MHZ的內(nèi)部時鐘頻率;該系列產(chǎn)品的功耗僅是基于SRAM的FPGA產(chǎn)品的1/3到1/2。 五.技術(shù)發(fā)展分析。 從以上對Xilinx、Altera和Actel三家公司各自開發(fā)產(chǎn)品特征的介紹,我們可以看出2000年以FPGA為代表的數(shù)

10、字系統(tǒng)現(xiàn)場集成技術(shù)發(fā)展的一些新動向,歸納起來有以下幾點： 深亞微米技術(shù)的發(fā)展正在推動了片上系統(tǒng)（SOPC）的發(fā)展。越來越多的復(fù)雜IC需要利用SOPC技術(shù)來制造。而SOPC要利用深亞微米技術(shù)才能實現(xiàn)。隨著深亞微米技術(shù)的發(fā)展,使SOPC的實現(xiàn)成為可能。與以往的芯片設(shè)計不同,SOPC需要對設(shè)計IC和在產(chǎn)品中實現(xiàn)的方法進(jìn)行根本的重新評價。 芯片朝著高密度、低壓、低功耗的方向挺進(jìn)。采用深亞微米的半導(dǎo)體工藝后,器件在性能提高的同時,價格也在逐步降低。由于便攜式應(yīng)用產(chǎn)品的發(fā)展,對現(xiàn)場可編程器件的低壓、低功耗的要求日益迫切。因此,無論那個廠家、哪種類型的產(chǎn)品, IP庫的發(fā)展及其作用。為了更好的滿足設(shè)計人員的需

11、要,擴(kuò)大市場,各大現(xiàn)場可編程邏輯器件的廠商都在不斷的擴(kuò)充其知識產(chǎn)權(quán)（IP）核心庫。這些核心庫都是預(yù)定義的、經(jīng)過測試和驗證的、優(yōu)化的、可保證正確的功能。設(shè)計人員可以利用這些現(xiàn)成的IP庫資源,高效準(zhǔn)確的完成復(fù)雜片上的系統(tǒng)設(shè)計。(4)FPGA動態(tài)可重構(gòu)技術(shù)意義深遠(yuǎn)。隨著數(shù)字邏輯系統(tǒng)功能復(fù)雜化的需求,單片系統(tǒng)的芯片正朝著超大規(guī)模、高密度的方向發(fā)展。與此同時,人們卻發(fā)現(xiàn)一個有趣的現(xiàn)象,即一個超大規(guī)模的數(shù)字時序系統(tǒng)芯片,在其工作時,從時間軸上來看,并不是每一瞬間系統(tǒng)的各個部分都在工作,而系統(tǒng)是各個局部模塊功能在時間鏈上的總成。同時,人們還發(fā)現(xiàn),基于 SRAM編程的FPGA可以在外部邏輯的控制下,通過存儲于

12、存儲器中不同的目標(biāo)系統(tǒng)數(shù)據(jù)的重新下載,來實現(xiàn)芯片邏輯功能的改變。正是基于這個稱之為靜態(tài)系統(tǒng)重構(gòu)的技術(shù),有人設(shè)想,能不能利用芯片的這種分時復(fù)用特性,用較小規(guī)模的FPGA芯片來實現(xiàn)更大規(guī)模的數(shù)字時序系統(tǒng)。在研究過程中,有人嘗試了這種設(shè)想,發(fā)現(xiàn)常規(guī)的SRAM的FPGA只能實現(xiàn)靜態(tài)系統(tǒng)重構(gòu)。要實現(xiàn)高速的動態(tài)重構(gòu),要求芯片功能的重新配置時間縮短到納秒量級,這就需要對FPGA的結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行革新?？梢灶A(yù)見,一旦實現(xiàn)了FPGA的動態(tài)重構(gòu),則將引發(fā)數(shù)字系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計的思想的巨大轉(zhuǎn)變。六.結(jié)語。 我們可以看到在新世紀(jì),以FPGA為代表的數(shù)字系統(tǒng)現(xiàn)場集成技術(shù)正朝著以下幾個方向發(fā)展。隨著便攜式設(shè)備需求的增長,對現(xiàn)場可編程器件

13、的低壓、低功耗的要求日益迫切。芯片向大規(guī)模系統(tǒng)芯片挺進(jìn),力求在大規(guī)模應(yīng)用中取代ASIC。為增強市場競爭力,各大廠商都在積極推廣其知識產(chǎn)權(quán)IP庫。動態(tài)可重構(gòu)技術(shù)的發(fā)展,將帶來系統(tǒng)設(shè)計方法的轉(zhuǎn)變。 附件2：外文原文Latest Development Trend Observation of FPGABy Eriac.Clerk, AMI Semiconductor - EDN, 18/2/2002Since the company launched its first-Xilinx field-programmable logic device (FPGA)at 1985. So far, FP

14、GA has experienced more than 10 years of development history. In this process of development for more than 10 years, digital system integration technology at the scene represented by the FPGA made a surprising development: field programmable logic devices has a development of having 1200 available g

15、ates initial to 250000 available gates, and even when the new century comes, international famous manufacturers Altera Corporation, Xilinx Inc. of field programmable logic devices also have launched a kind of single FPGA chip with millions of gates, making field-programmable device to raise to a new

16、 level of the degree of integration.when we Take a sweeping view of the field-programmable logic device development, its fundamental reason of huge market attraction is that FPGA electronic systems can not only solve the small-size, low-power consumption, high reliability and other issues. and its s

17、hort development cycle, development of software less investment, lower chip prices,made more and more FPGA to replace the ASIC at market, especially for the demand of low-volume and variety products, FPGAs are prefer.Currently, the main development trends of FPGA is: With the development of large-sc

18、ale field-programmable logic device, systems design gose into a new era in the high-density of the on-chip programmable system (SOPC), chips go to the direction of a low voltage, low power consumption . the international major companies are actively expanding its IP library, in order to optimize res

19、ources and better meet the needs of users, and expand the market, especially in the so-called eye-catching dynamic reconfigurable FPGA technology development, will promote the concept of digital system design enormous change.The main features of products developed by Xilinx FPGA company. since inven

20、ted FPGA, Xilinx company has beendeveloping the constant introduction of new devices and development tools, in order to raise speed of chips to a higher and lower power consumption. It mainly launched Virtex series and a series of SpantanTM FPGA. Virtex series FPGA breakthroughs in the traditional F

21、PGA density and performance constraints, not only made FPGA a logic modules, and become a kind of system components. SpantanTM has set a new, low-cost standards for ASIC alternative series and the high-capacity FPGA .Virtex FPGA series integrates a number of system-level design to meet the requireme

22、nts of new properties, and have a unique structural features.Virtex series entirely have a composition of nine devices, the system gates count from 50,000 to 1 million (from 1,728 to 27,648 logic elements); The largest number of available I / O pins supplied to users bigger than 500, applying a vari

23、ety of packages including advanced 1.0 mm and 0.8 mm FinePitchTMBGA chip package; using a five-layer metal 0.22-micron CMOS process to achieve 5 V tolerance of I / O interface; With optimal time-driving layout and routing tool, The PCPU 400MHz, the compiler speed can rase up to 200,000 / sec.There a

24、re a number of important properties of Virtex system with its unique structure : 1. There has been four layers of digital delay-locked circuit (DLL) for internal and external clock synchronization,making the speed of chip to chip communications goes up to200 MHz; all the delay of from clock to outpu

25、t device was less than 3 ns; clock frequency can be double frequency and half frequency and can be at frequency, which can carry out 00900,1800,2700 phase shift.2. The various density products are provided vector interconnection, cabling rapid and predictable, coupled well with the core. 3.Virtex su

26、pport three storage. Its SelectRAM + byte level for the storage layer (Distributed Storage), the 1000-byte (block storage) and megabytes level (external DRAM and SRAM with the SSTL3 interface) storage block provides high bandwidth. 4.It uses SelectI / OTM technology and supports multiple voltage and

27、 signal standards.5. It has compatible 66 MHz/64 bit PCI and Compact PCI.The main features of products developed by Altera FPGA company Alteras field-programmable logic devices basing on CMOS also have high-speed, high-density, low-power characteristics. The company launched a new type of low-cost d

28、evice - ACEX series for the telecommunication market. The main features of the series: the density range from 10,000 to 100,000; with phase-locked loop (PLL), and compatible with 64, 66 MHZ PCI ;the product series expanded from the original 1.8 v to 2.5 v providing system speed over 115 MHZ performa

29、nce.Altera company also optimized the structure of FPGA, and provided more embedded RAM. Recently launched FLEX 10KE family of devices is the enhanced device of former FLEX 10K series, on structure the series use the same logic block as in the FLEX 10K series, but embedded RAMs in chip are twice as

30、in the FLEX 10K series, and have a dual-port RAM, This is an important advantage for communication applications.System on programmable chip (SOPC) have developed rapidly, there are several reasons:logic chips with Density more than 1 million field-programmable gates already available; Section 4 fiel

31、d-programmable logic devices and development tools have been formed, It can make more rapid analysis and compiler the number increasing gate circuit, and enable the designers to work by groups of projects simultaneously; Intellectual property (IP) will be respected, and more and more designers throu

32、gh design reuse approach to fully utilize the existing software code in order to enhance their design efficiency and shorten the time-to-market; With the delay time of link are shortened, system on programmable chip (SOPC) can provide enhanced performance, and because of the reduced package size, pr

33、oduct size has been reduced.The main features of products developed by Actel FPGA CorporationActel Corporation has been being a leading provider of antifuse FPGA technology in the the world, There are two major series of antifuse FPGA products - SX-A and MX-series. The main character of SX-A FPGA se

34、ries is low power consumption, connected to all the internal registers, Power of running on 200 MHZ less than 1 w, and the prices are relatively cheap, but have good performance.As we all know , Despite antifuse FPGA technology has many advantages, but there is a fatal weakness, that is, only can ma

35、ke one-time programming. This has created many inconveniences for a large-scale FPGA product development. To make up for this shortfall, in recent years, Altel company is also developing other types of FPGA products actively. The most representative thing is that the company introduced a non-volatil

36、e, can be re-programmed gate array - ProASIC FPGAs recently. This series of products is set in high-density, low-power, non-volatile and can be re-programmed in one. The main characteristics of ProASIC FPGAs are: to provide 98,000 to 110,000 available gates; FIFO control logic embedded with the two-

37、port SRAM (capacity of 138,000 bits), providing more than 200 MHZ internal clock frequency, Power of the series is 1 / 3 to 1 / 2to the power of SRAM-based FPGA products.Analysis on the development of technologyFrom all characteristics of the respective product development Xilinx, Altera and Actel t

38、hree companies Above, we can see at 2000 the trends of digital system integration technology development representatived by FPGA at the scene, some new trends can be summed up in the following points:deep sub-micron technology is driving the development of a system-on-programable-chip (SOPC) develop

39、ment. More and more complex IC need using SOPC technology to create. The SOPC can be achieved only by using deep submicron technology. With the development of deep submicron technology, the realization of the SOPC is possible. And the defference from the past chip design,is that SOPC need achieving

40、a fundamental re-evaluation for IC design and product ahieve. chips are going in the high-density, low-voltage, low-power into the direction. Using deep sub-micron semiconductor process, the capability of the device are promoted,at the same time, the price is gradually lowered. Since the development

41、 of portable applications, field-programmable low-voltage devices, and low power requirements increasingly urgent. Therefore, whether that manufacturers, the type of products, are targeting efforts in this direction.the development and role of IP library. In order to better meet the needs of design,

42、 market expansion, major field programmable logic device manufacturers have continually expanded its intellectual property (IP) core library. These are pre-defined, tested and proven, optimized, and can ensure that the correct function. Designers can use these off-the-shelf IP library resources to c

43、omplete system design on the complex chip efficiently and accurately.(4) dynamic reconfigurable FPGA technology has a far-reaching significance. As the demand of digital logic system functional complexity ,system-on-chip chips are moving towards ultra-large-scale, high-density development. At the sa

44、me time, people have found an interesting phenomenon, that is, a number of large-scale system-on-chip timing, in their work, from the time frame of view, not all parts in the system work at every moment, and system are the sum of Local functional modules in the chain of assembly time. At the same time, people also found that the SRAM-based programming FPGA can be under the