主語從句、表語從句、同位語從句

1、第1頁北京第一六一中學(xué)高二英語主語從句、表語從句、同位語從句主語從句定義：用作主語的從句叫做主語從句。構(gòu)成：關(guān)聯(lián)詞+簡單句引導(dǎo)主語從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞有三類：從屬連詞thato女口:Thattheywereintruthsisterswasclearfromthefacialresemblancebetweenthem.很明顯，她們確是親姐妹，她們的臉型很相似。從屬連詞whether。如I：Whetherhe511comehereisntclear.他是否會(huì)來這里還不清楚。連接代詞who,whom,whose,what,which,whoever,whatever,whichever連接副詞where

2、,when,how,whyo如I：Whatshedidisnotyetknown.她干了什么尚不清楚。Howthishappenedisnotcleartoanyone.這事怎樣發(fā)生的，誰也不清楚。Whoevercomesiswelcome.不論誰來都?xì)g迎。Whereveryouareismyhomemyonlyhome.你所在的任何地方就是我的家-我唯一的家。疑難解答主語從句能用it作形式上的主語。常以it作形式主語的句型有：It+be+形容詞(obviousge,natural,surprising,good,wonderful,funny,possible,likely,certain,

3、probable,etc.)+that從句。女口:Itiscertainthatshewilldowellinherexam.毫無疑問她考試成績會(huì)很好。Itisprobablethathetoldhereverything.很可能他把一切都告訴她了。It+be+名詞詞組(nowonder,anhonour,agoodthing,apity,nosurprise,etc.)+that從句。如：Itsapitythatwecantgo.很遺憾我們不能去。Itsnosurprisethatourteamshouldhavewonthegame.我們沒贏這場比賽真意外。It+be+過去分詞(said,

4、reported,thought,expected,decided,announced,arranged,etc.)+that從句。女口:ItissaidthatMr.GreenhasarrivedinBeijing.據(jù)說格林先生已經(jīng)到了北京。ItisreportedthatChinahassentanotherman-madeearthsatelliteintoorbit.據(jù)報(bào)道中國又成功地發(fā)射了一顆人造地球衛(wèi)星。It+seem,happen等不及物動(dòng)詞及短語+that從句。如I：ItseemsthatAliceisnotcomingtothepartyatall.Alice似乎不來參加晚會(huì)

5、。IthappenedthatIwasoutthatday.碰巧我那天外出了。It+docsntmatter(makesnodifference,ctc.)+連接代詞或連接副詞引起的主語從句。女口：Itdoesntmatterwhethershewillcomeornot.她是否來這無關(guān)緊要。Itmakesnodifferencewhereweshallhavethemeeting.我們?cè)谀睦镩_會(huì)毫無區(qū)別。當(dāng)that引導(dǎo)的主語從句出現(xiàn)在疑問句中時(shí)，要以it作形式主語，而把主語從句后置。女口：Isittruethatthescientistwillgiveusalecturenextweek?下

6、周那位科學(xué)家將給我們作報(bào)告是真的嗎？Doesitmattermuchthattheywillnotcometomorrow?他們明天不來很要緊嗎？當(dāng)主語從句出現(xiàn)在感嘆句中時(shí)，要以it作形式主語，而把主語從句后置。如：Howstrangeitisthatthechildrenaresoquiet!孩子們這么安靜真奇怪！注意連接代詞whoever,whatever,whichever等引導(dǎo)主語從句的含義Whoevercomeswillbewelcome.(whoever=thepersonwho)來的人將受到歡迎。Whateverhedidwasright.(whatever=thethingth

7、at)他所做的事情是正確的。Whicheverofyoucomesinwillreceiveaprize.(whichever=anyoneofyouwho)你們當(dāng)中不論哪個(gè)進(jìn)來將會(huì)得到獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)。表語從句定義：用作表語的從句叫做表語從句。構(gòu)成：關(guān)聯(lián)詞+簡單句引導(dǎo)表語從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞的種類：從屬連詞that。如：ThetroubleisthatIhavelosthisaddress.麻煩是我把他的地址丟了。從屬連詞whether,as,as訐。如I：Helookedjustashehadlookedtenyearsbefore.他看起來還與十年前一樣。Thequestioniswhethertheywi

8、llbeabletohelpus.問題是他們是否能幫我們。注：從屬連詞訐一般不用來引導(dǎo)表語從句，但as訐卻可引導(dǎo)表語從句，女口：Allthiswasovertwentyyearsago,butitsasifitwasonlyyesterday.這都是20多年前的事了，但宛如昨天一樣。能跟表語從句的謂語動(dòng)詞一般為系動(dòng)詞be,seem,look等。女口：Itlookedas訐itwasgoingtorain.看起來天要下雨了。連接代詞who,whom,whose,what,which,whoever,whatever,whichever連接副詞where,when,how,whyo女口:Thepr

9、oblemiswhowecangettoreplaceher.問題是我們能找到誰去替換她呢。Thequestionishowhedidit.問題是他是如何做此事的。Thatwaswhatshedidthismorningonreachingtheattic.那就是她今晨上閣樓做的事情。連詞because可引導(dǎo)表語從句。如I：Ithinkitisbecauseyouaredoingtoomuch.我想這是因?yàn)槟阕龅锰?。在一些表示“建議、勸說、命令”的名詞后面的表語從句中，謂語動(dòng)詞用虛擬語氣。should+動(dòng)詞原形表示，should可省略。如I：Mysuggestionisthatwe(shou

10、ld)startearlytomorrow.我的建議是我們明天一早就出發(fā)。同位語從句定義：用作同位語的從句叫做同位語從句。用法：同位語從句的先行詞多為fact,news,idea,thought,question,reply,report,remark,關(guān)聯(lián)詞多用從屬連詞that。如I：Theywereallverymuchworriedoverthefactthatyouweresick.對(duì)你生病這件事，他們都很焦慮。WheredidyougettheideathatIcouldnotcome?你在哪兒聽說我不能來？EarlyinthedaycamethenewsthatGermanyhad

11、declaredwaronRussia.德國已對(duì)俄國宣戰(zhàn)的消息一大早就傳來了。注：同位語從句偶爾由從屬連詞whether引導(dǎo)。如：Ihavenoideawhetherhellcomeornot.我不知道他是否來。連接代詞who,which,what和連接副詞where,when,why,how亦可引導(dǎo)同位語從句。Thequestionwhoshoulddotheworkrequiresconsideration.誰該干這項(xiàng)工作，這個(gè)問題需要考慮。Wehaventyetsettledthequestionwherewearegoingtospendoursummervacation.到哪兒去度暑

12、假，這個(gè)問題我們還沒有決定。Itisaquestionhowhedidit.那是一個(gè)他如何做了此事的問題。疑難解答1.that引導(dǎo)的同位語從句與定語從句之區(qū)別that引導(dǎo)的同位語從句that引導(dǎo)的定語從句句法功能上that只起連接從句的作用，無意義。在從句中彳、允當(dāng)句子成分。彳、口省。that替代先行詞在從句中不僅起連接作用，還充當(dāng)一個(gè)句子成分。如在從句中作動(dòng)詞的賓語時(shí)可省略。意義上從句是被修飾名詞的內(nèi)容。從句起限定作用，是定語女口:ThenewsthatMr.LiwillbeournewEnglishteacheristrue.(同位語從句,that不可省。)李先生將是我們的新英語老師這個(gè)消

13、息是真的。Thenews(that)hetoldmeyesterdayistrue.(定語從句，that在從句中作told的賓語，可省。)他昨天告訴我的消息是真的。2.一些表示“建議、命令、要求”的名詞后所跟的同位語從句中，謂語動(dòng)詞用虛擬語氣should+動(dòng)詞原形表示。should可省。女口：Thisisouronlyrequestthatthis(should)besettledassoonaspossible.這就是我們唯一的請(qǐng)求：盡快解決這個(gè)問題。北京第一六一中學(xué)高二英語主語從句、表語從句、同位語從句第1頁第3頁北京第一六一中學(xué)高二英語主語從句、表語從句、同位語從句鞏固練習(xí)herefer

14、redtoinhisarticlewasunknowntothegeneralreader.A.ThatB.WhatC.WhetherD.Where北京第一六一中學(xué)高二英語主語從句、表語從句、同位語從句第1頁第3頁北京第一六一中學(xué)高二英語主語從句、表語從句、同位語從句第1頁第3頁Thetraditionalviewiswesleepbecauseourbrainisprogrammedtomakeusdoso.A.whenB.whyC.whetherD.thatCouldIspeaktoisinchargeofInternationalSales,please?A.anyoneB.someon

15、eC.whoeverD.nomatterwhomattersmostinlearningEnglishisenoughpractice.A.WhatB.WhyC.WhereD.WhichYoucanonlybesureofyouhaveatpresent;youcannotbesureofsomethingyoumightgetinthefuture.A.that;whatB.what;/C.which;thatD./;that一Where7sthatreport?一IbroughtittoyououwereinMr.Black7sofficeyesterday.A.ifB.whenC.bec

16、auseD.beforeItisnoneofyourbusinessotherpeoplethinkaboutyou.Believeyourself.A.howB.whatC.whichD.whenHavingcheckedthedoorswereclosed,andallthelightswereoff,theboyopenedthedoortohisbedroom.A.whyB.thatC.whenD.whereChoosingtherightdictionarydependsonyouwanttouseitfor.A.whatB.whyC.howD.whetherparentssayan

17、ddohasalife-longeffectontheirchildren.A.ThatB.WhichC.WhatD.AsByimprovingreadingskills,youcanreadfasterandunderstandmoreofyouread.A.thatB.whatC.whichD.whetherTheseasideheredrawsalotoftouristseverysummer.Warmsunshineandsoftsandsmakeitis.A.whatB.whichC.howD.whereWhynottryyourluckdowntown,Bob?Thafsthebe

18、stjobsare.A.whereB.whatC.whenD.whyThelawyerrarelywearsanythingotherthanjeansandaT-shirttheseason.A.whateverB.whereverC.wheneverD.howeverwasmostimportanttoher,shetoldme,washerfamily.A.ItB.ThisC.WhatD.AsThecompaniesareworkingtogethertocreatetheyhopewillbethebestmeansoftransportinthe21stcentury.A.which

19、B.thatC.whatD.whoThelasttimewehadgreatfunwaswewerevisitingtheWaterPark.A.whereB.howC.whenD.whyPeopleinChongqingareproudof_theyhaveachieved,inthepasttenyears.A.thatB.whichC.whatD.howStudentsarealwaysinterestedinfindingouttheycangowithanewteacher.A.howfarB.howsoonC.howoftenD.howlongisknowntousallisthatthe2008OlympicGameswilltakeplaceinBeijing.A.ItB.WhatC.AsD.Which.Whenaskedtheyneededmost,thekidssaidtheywantedtofeelimportantandloved.A.whatB.whyC.whomD.whichAnimalssufferedatthehands