版權(quán)說(shuō)明:本文檔由用戶(hù)提供并上傳,收益歸屬內(nèi)容提供方,若內(nèi)容存在侵權(quán),請(qǐng)進(jìn)行舉報(bào)或認(rèn)領(lǐng)
文檔簡(jiǎn)介
大學(xué)英語(yǔ)4級(jí)真題
Passage1
Theendlessdebateabout"work-lifebalance''oftencontainsahopefulfootnoteaboutstay-at-
homedads.IfAmericansocietyandbusinesswon5tmakeiteasieronfuturefemaleleaderswho
choosetohavechildren,thereisstilltherayofhopethatincreasingnumbersoffull-timefathers
will.Butbasedontoday'ssocioeconomictrends,thishopeis,unfortunately,misguided.
It'struethatthenumberofmenwhohaveleftworktodotheirthingasfull-timeparentshas
doubledinadecade,butifsstillverysmall:only0.8%ofmarriedcoupleswherethe
stay-at-homefatherwasoutofthelaborforceforayear.Eventhatpercentageislikelyinflatedby
menthrustintotheircaretakerrolebyadownsizing.Thisissimplynotalargeenoughgroupto
reducethesocialstigma(污名)andforceotheradjustmentsnecessarytosupportingmeninthis
decision,evenifonlyforarelativelyshorttime.
Evenshortertimesawayfromworkforworkingfathersarealreadydifficult.Astudyfound
that85%ofnewfatherstakesometimeoffafterthebirthofachild—butforallbutafew,it'sa
weekortwoatmost.Meanwhile,theaverageforwomenwhotakeleaveismorethan10weeks.
Suchchoicesimpactwhomovesupintheorganization.Whileyou'reaway,someoneelseisdoing
yourwork,makingyoursales,takingcareofyourcustomers.Thatcan'thelpyouatwork.Itcan
onlyhurtyou.Women,ofcourse,facethesameissuesofreturningafteralongabsence.Butwith
manymorewomenthanmenchoosingtoleavetheworkforceentirelytoraisefamilies,returning
fromanextendedparentalleavedoesn'traiseasmanyeyebrowsasitdoesformen.
Womenwouldmakemoreiftheydidn'tbreaktheirearningtrajectory(軌跡)byleavingthe
workforce,orifhigher-payingprofessionsweremorefamily-friendly.Intheforeseeablefuture,
stay-at-homefathersmaymakeallthedifferenceforindividualfamilies,buttheirpresencewon't
reducethenumbersofhigh-potentialwomenwhoareforcedtochoosebetweenfamilyandcareer.
56.Whatgiveswomenarayofhopetoachievework-lifebalance?
A)Morementakinganextendedparentalleave.
B)Peopledchangingattitudestowardsfamily.
C)Morewomenenteringbusinessmanagement.
D)Theimprovementoftheirsocioeconomicstatus.
57.Whydoestheauthorsaythehopeformorefull-timefathersismisguided?
A)Womenarebetterattakingcareofchildren.
B)Manymenvalueworkmorethantheirfamily.
C)Theirnumberistoosmalltomakeadifference.
D)Notmanymenhavethechancetostayathome.
58.Whydofewmentakealongparentalleave?
A)Alongleavewillhaveanegativeimpactontheircareer.
B)Theyjusthavetoomanyresponsibilitiestofulfillatwork.
C)Theeconomiclosswillbetoomuchfortheirfamilytobear.
D)Theyarelikelytogetfiredifabsentfromworkfortoolong.
59.Whatisthemostlikelyreactiontomenreturningfromanextendedparentalleave?
A)Jealousy.
C)Admiration.
B)Surprise.
D)Sympathy.
60.Whatdoestheauthorsayabouthigh-potentialwomeninthenot-too-distantfuture?
1
A)Theywillbenefitfromthetrendofmorefathersstayingathome.
B)Theywillfindhigh-payingprofessionsabitmorefamily-friendly.
C)Theyareunlikelytobreaktheircareertrajectorytoraiseafamily.
D)Theywillstillfacethedifficultchoicebetweencareerandchildren.
答案:BCABD
Passage2
Someoftheworld'smostsignificantproblemsneverhitheadlines.Oneexamplecomesfrom
agriculture.Foodriotsandhungermakenews.Butthetrendlyingbehindthesemattersisrarely
talkedabout.Thisisthedeclineinthegrowthinyieldsofsomeoftheworld'smajorcrops.Anew
studybytheUniversityofMinnesotaandMcGillUniversityinMontreallooksatwhere,andhow
far,thisdeclineisoccurring.
Theauthorstakeavastnumberofdatapointsforthefourmostimportantcrops:rice,wheat,
comandsoyabeans(大豆).Theyfindthatonbetween24%and39%ofallharvestedareas,the
improvementinyieldsthattookplacebeforethe1980ssloweddowninthe1990sand2000s.
Therearetwoworryingfeaturesoftheslowdown.Oneisthatithasbeenparticularlysharpinthe
world'smost(人口多的)
countries,IndiaandChina.Theirabilitytofeedthemselveshasbeenan
importantsourceofrelativestabilitybothwithinthecountriesandonworldfoodmarkets.That
self-sufficiencycannotbetakenforgrantedifyieldscontinuetoslowdownorreverse.
Second,yieldgrowthhasbeenlowerinwheatandricethanincomandsoyabeans.Thisis
problematicbecausewheatandricearemoreimportantasfoods,accountingforaroundhalfofall
caloriesconsumed.Comandsoyabeansaremoreimportantasfeedgrains.Theauthorsnotethat
"wehavepreferentiallyfocusedourcropimprovementeffortsonfeedinganimalsandcarsrather
thanoncropsthatfeedpeopleandarethebasisoffoodsecurityinmuchoftheworld.",
Thereportqualifiesthemoreoptimisticfindingsofanothernewpaperwhichsuggeststhat
theworldwillnothavetodigupalotmorelandforfarminginordertofeed9billionpeoplein
2050,astheFoodandAgricultureOrganisationhasargued.
Instead,itsays,thankstoslowingpopulationgrowth,landcurrentlyploughedupforcrops
mightbeabletorevert(回返)toforestorwilderness.Thiscouldhappen.Thetroubleisthatthe
forecastassumescontinuedimprovementsinyields,whichmaynotactuallyhappen.
61.Whatdoestheauthortrytodrawattentionto?
A)Foodriotsandhungerintheworld.C)Thedeclineofthegrainyieldgrowth.
B)Newsheadlinesintheleadingmedia.
D)Thefoodsupplyinpopulouscountries.
62.WhydoestheauthormentionIndiaandChinainparticular?
A)Theirself-sufficiencyisvitaltothestabilityofworldfoodmarkets.
B)Theirfoodyieldshavebeguntodecreasesharplyinrecentyears.
C)Theirbigpopulationsarecausingworldwideconcerns.
D)Theirfoodself-sufficiencyhasbeentakenforgranted.
63.Whatdoesthenewstudybythetwouniversitiessayaboutrecentcropimprovementefforts?
A)Theyfailtoproducethesameremarkableresultsasbeforethe1980s.
B)Theycontributealottotheimprovementofhumanfoodproduction.
C)Theyplayamajorroleinguaranteeingthefoodsecurityoftheworld.
D)Theyfocusmoreontheincreaseofanimalfeedthanhumanfoodgrains.
64.WhatdoestheFoodandAgricultureOrganisationsayaboutworldfoodproductioninthe
2
comingdecades?
A)Thegrowingpopulationwillgreatlyincreasethepressureonworldfoodsupplies.
B)Theoptimisticpredictionaboutfoodproductionshouldbeviewedwithcaution.
C)The"slowdownofthegrowthinyieldsofmajorfoodcropswillbereversed.
D)Theworldwillbeabletofeeditspopulationwithoutincreasingfarmland.
65.HowdoestheauthorviewtheargumentoftheFoodandAgricultureOrganisation?
A)Itisbuiltonthefindingsofanewstudy.
B)Itisbasedonadoubtfulassumption.
C)Itisbackedbystrongevidence.
D)Itisopentofurtherdiscussion.
答案:CADDB
Passage3
Junkfoodiseverywhere.We'reeatingwaytoomuchofit.Mostofusknowwhatwe're
doingandyetwedoitanyway.
Sohere'sasuggestionofferedbytworesearchersattheRandCorporation:Whynottakea
lessonfromalcoholcontrolpoliciesandapplythemtowherefoodissoldandhowit'sdisplayed?
"Manypolicymeasurestocontrolobesity(肥胖癥)assumethatpeopleconsciouslyandrationally
choosewhatandhowmuchtheyeatandthereforefocusonprovidinginformationandmore
accesstohealthierfoods,"notethetworesearchers.
"Incontrast,"theresearcherscontinue,"manyregulationsthatdon'tassumepeoplemake
rationalchoiceshavebeensuccessfullyappliedtocontrolalcohol,asubstance—likefood—of
whichimmoderateconsumptionleadstoserioushealthproblems.''
Theresearchreferencesstudiesofpeopledbehaviorwithfoodandalcoholandresultsof
alcoholrestrictions,andthenlistsfiveregulationsthattheresearchersthinkmightbepromisingif
appliedtojunkfoods.Amongthem:
Densityrestrictions:licensestosellalcoholaren'thandedoutunplannedtoallcomersbut
areallotted(分配)basedonthenumberofplacesinanareathatalreadysellalcohol.Thesemake
alcohollesseasytogetandreducethenumberofpsychologicalcuestodrink.
Similarly,theresearcherssay,beingpresentedwithjunkfoodstimulatesourdesiretoeatit.
Sowhynotlimitthedensityoffoodoutlets,particularlyonesthatsellfoodrichinemptycalories?
Andwhynotlimitsaleoffoodinplacesthataren5tprimarilyfoodstores?
Displayandsalesrestrictions:Californiahasaruleprohibitingalcoholdisplaysnearthecash
registersingasstations,andinmostplacesyoucan'tbuyalcoholatdrive-throughfacilities.At
supermarkets,foodcompaniespaytohavetheirwaresinplaceswherethey'reeasilyseen.One
couldremovejunkfoodtothebackofthestoreandbanthemfromtheshelvesatcheckoutlines.
Theothermeasuresincluderestrictingportionsizes,taxingandprohibitingspecialpricedealsfor
junkfoods,andplacingwarninglabelsontheproducts.
56.Whatdoestheauthorsayaboutjunkfood?
A)Peopleshouldbeeducatednottoeattoomuch.
B)Itiswidelyconsumeddespiteitsillreputation.
C)Itstemptationistoostrongforpeopletoresist.
D)Itcausesmoreharmthanisgenerallyrealized.
57.WhatdotheRandresearchersthinkofmanyofthepolicymeasurestocontrolobesity?
3
A)Theyshouldbeimplementedeffectively.C)Theyarebasedonwrongassumptions.
B)Theyprovidemisleadinginformation.D)Theyhelppeoplemakerationalchoices.
58.Whydopolicymakersofalcoholcontrolplacedensityrestrictions?
A)Fewpeopleareabletoresistalcohol'stemptations.
B)Therearealreadytoomanystoressellingalcohol.
C)Drinkingstrongalcoholcancausesocialproblems.
D)Easyaccessleadstocustomers'over-consumption.
59.WhatisthepurposeofCalifornia'sruleaboutalcoholdisplayingasstations?
A)Toeffectivelylimitthedensityofalcoholoutlets.
B)Tohelpdriverstogiveupthehabitofdrinking.
C)Topreventpossibletrafficjamsinnearbyareas.
D)Togetalcoholoutofdrivers'immediatesight.
60.WhatisthegeneralguidelinetheRandresearcherssuggestaboutjunkfoodcontrol?
A)Guidingpeopletomakerationalchoicesaboutfood.
B)Enhancingpeople'sawarenessoftheirownhealth.
C)Borrowingideasfromalcoholcontrolmeasures.
D)Resortingtoeconomic,legalandpsychologicalmeans.
答案:CCDDC
Passage4
Kodak'sdecisiontofileforbankruptcy(破產(chǎn))protectionisasad,thoughnotunexpected,
turningpointforaleadingAmericancorporationthatpioneeredconsumerphotographyand
dominatedthefilmmarketfordecades,butultimatelyfailedtoadapttothedigitalrevolution.
AlthoughmanyattributeKodak'sdownfallto"complacency(自滿(mǎn))"thatexplanation
doesn'tacknowledgethelengthstowhichthecompanywenttoreinventitself.Decadesago,
Kodakanticipatedthatdigitalphotographywouldovertakefilm—andinfact,Kodakinventedthe
firstdigitalcamerain1975—butinafatefuldecision,thecompanychosetoshelfitsnew
discoverytofocusonitstraditionalfilmbusiness.
Itwasn'tthatKodakwasblindtothefuture,saidRebeccaHenderson,aprofessoratHarvard
BusinessSchool,butratherthatitfailedtoexecuteonastrategytoconfrontit.Bythetimethe
companyrealizeditsmistake,itwastoolate.
Kodakisanexampleofafirmthatwasverymuchawarethattheyhadtoadapt,andspenta
lotofmoneytryingtodoso,butultimatelyfailed.Largecompanieshaveadifficulttime
switchingtonewmarketsbecausethereisatemptationtoputexistingassetsintothenew
businesses.
AlthoughKodakanticipatedtheinevitableriseofdigitalphotography,itscorporate(企業(yè)的)
culturewastoorootedinthesuccessesofthepastforittomakethecleanbreaknecessarytofully
embracethefuture.Theywereacompanystuckintime.Theirhistorywassoimportanttothem.
Nowtheirhistoryhasbecomealiability.
Kodak'sdownfalloverthelastseveraldecadeswasdramatic.In1976,thecompany
commanded90%ofthemarketforphotographicfilmand85%ofthemarketforcameras.Butthe
1980sbroughtnewcompetitionfromJapanesefilmcompanyFujiPhoto,whichundermined
Kodakbyofferinglowerpricesforfilmandphotosupplies.Kodak'sdecisionnottopursuethe
roleofofficialfilmforthe1984LosAngelesOlympicswasamajormiscalculation.Thebidwent
insteadtoFuji,whichexploiteditssponsorshiptowinapermanentfootholdinthemarketplace.
4
61.WhatdowelearnaboutKodak?
A)Itwentbankruptallofasudden.
B)Itisapproachingitsdownfall.
C)Itinitiatedthedigitalrevolutioninthefilmindustry.
D)Itisplayingthedominantroleinthefilmmarket.
62.WhydoestheauthormentionKodak'sinventionofthefirstdigitalcamera?
A)Toshowitsearlyattempttoreinventitself.
B)Toshowitsefforttoovercomecomplacency.
C)Toshowitsquickadaptationtothedigitalrevolution.
D)ToshowitswilltocompetewithJapan'sFujiPhoto.
63.Whydolargecompanieshavedifficultyswitchingtonewmarkets?
A)Theyfinditcostlytogiveuptheirexistingassets.
B)Theytendtobeslowinconfrontingnewchallenges.
C)Theyareunwillingtoinvestinnewtechnology.
D)Theyaredeeplystuckintheirgloriouspast.
64.WhatdoestheauthorsayKodak'shistoryhasbecome?
A)Aburden.B)Amirror.C)Ajoke.
D)Achallenge.
65.WhatwasKodak'sfatalmistake?
A)Itsblindfaithintraditionalphotography.C)Itsrefusaltosponsorthe1984Olympics.
B)ItsfailuretoseeFujiPhoto'semergence.D)Itsoverconfidenceinitscorporateculture.
答案:BADAC
Passage5
Whenit'sfiveo'clock,peopleleavetheiroffice.Thelengthoftheworkday,formany
workers,isdefinedbytime.Theyleavewhentheclocktellsthemthey'redone.
Thesedays,thetimeiseverywhere:notjustonclocksorwatches,butoncell-phonesand
computers.Thatmaybeabadthing,particularlyatwork.Newresearchshowsthatclock-based
workscheduleshindermorale(士氣)andcreativity.
Clock-timersorganizetheirdaybyblocksofminutesandhours.Forexample:ameeting
from9a.m.to10a.m.,researchfrom10a.m.tonoon,etc.Ontheotherhand,task-timershave
alistofthingstheywanttoaccomplish.Theyworkdownthelist,eachtaskstartswhenthe
previoustaskiscompleted.Itissaidthatallofusemployamixofboththesetypesofplanning.
What,then,aretheeffectsofthinkingabouttimeinthesedifferentways?Doesonemakeus
moreproductive?Betteratthetasksathand?Happier?InexperimentsconductedbyTamarAvnet
andAnne-LaureSellier,theyhadparticipantsorganizedifferentactivities—fromprojectplanning,
holidayshopping,toyoga—bytimeorto-dolisttomeasurehowtheyperformedunder"clock
timevs"tasktime."Theyfoundclocktimerstobemoreefficientbutlesshappybecausetheyfelt
littlecontrolovertheirlives.Tasktimersarehappierandmorecreative,butlessproductive.They
tendtoenjoythemomentwhensomethinggoodishappening,andseizeopportunitiesthatcome
up.
Theresearchersarguethattask-basedorganizingtendstobeundervaluedand
under-supportedinbusinessculture.Smartcompanies,theybelieve,willtrytobakemore
task-basedplanningintotheirstrategies.
Thismightbeasmallchangetothewayweviewworkandtheoffice,buttheresearchers
5
arguethatitchallengesawidespreadcharacteristicoftheeconomy:workorganizedbydocktime.
Whilemostpeoplewillstillprobablyneed,andbe,tosomeextent,clock-timers,task-based
timingshouldbeusedwhenperfomingajobthatrequiresmorecreativity.It'llmakethosetasks
easier,aridthetask-doerswillbehappier.
56.Whatdoestheauthorthinkoftimedisplayedeverywhere?
A)Itmakeseverybodytime-conscious.
B)Itisaconvenienceforworkandlife.
C)Itmayhaveanegativeeffectoncreativework.
D)Itclearlyindicatesthefastpaceofmodemlife.
57.Howdopeopleusuallygoabouttheirworkaccordingtotheauthor?
A)Theycombineclock-basedandtask-basedplanning.
B)Theygiveprioritytothemosturgenttaskonhand.
C)Theysetatimelimitforeachspecifictask.
D)Theyaccomplishtheirtasksonebyone.
58.WhatdidTamarAvnetandAnneLaureSellierfindintheirexperimentsaboutclockstimers?
-
A)Theyseizeopportunitiesastheycomeup.C)Theyhavemorecontrolovertheirlives.
B)Theyalwaysgettheirworkdoneintime.D)Theytendtobemoreproductive.
59.Whatdotheresearcherssayabouttoday'sbusinessculture?
A)Itdoesnotsupportthestrategiesadoptedbysmartcompanies.
B)Itdoesnotattachenoughimportancetotask-basedpractice.
C)Itplacesmoreemphasisonworkefficiencythanonworkers5lives.
D)Itaimstobringemployees,potentialandcreativityintofullplay.
60.Whatdotheresearcherssuggest?
A)Task-basedtimingispreferredfordoingcreativework.
B)Itisimportanttokeepabalance
betweenworkandlife.
C)Performingcreativejobstendstomakeworkershappier.
D)Ascientificstandardshouldbe
adoptedinjobevaluation.
答案:CADAA
Passage6
MarthaStewartwascharged,triedandcompetedofacrimein2004.Asshenearedtheendof
herprisonsentence,awell-knowncolumnistwrotethatshewas"payingherdues,"andthat
"thereissimplynoreasonforanyonetoattempttodenyherrighttostartanew."
Surely,theAmericanidealofsecondchancesshouldnotbereservedonlyfortherichand
powerful.Unfortunately,manyfederalandstatelawsimposepost-convictionrestrictionsona
shockinglylargenumberofAmericans,whoarepreventedfromeverfullypayingtheirdebtto
society.
Atleast65millionpeopleintheUnitedStateshaveacriminalrecord.Thiscanresultin
severepenaltiesthatcontinuelongafterpunishmentiscompleted.
Manyofthesepenaltiesareimposedregardlessoftheseriousnessoftheoffenseorthe
person'sindividualcircumstances.Lawscanrestrictorbanvoting,accesstopublichousing,and
professionalandbusinesslicensing.Theycanaffectaperson'sabilitytogetajoband
qualificationforbenefits.
Inall,morethan45,000lawsandrulesservetoexcludevastnumbersofpeoplefromfully
6
participatinginAmericanlife.
Somelawsmakesense.Nooneadvocateslettingsomeoneconvictedofpedophilia(戀童癖)
workinaschool.Buttoooftencollateral(附隨的)consequencesbearnorelationtopublicsafety.
Shouldawomanwhopossessedasmallamountofdrugsyearsagobepermanentlyunabletobe
licensedasanurse?
Theselawsarealsocounterproductive,sincetheymakeitharderforpeoplewithcriminal
recordstofindhousingorlandajob,twokeyfactorsthatreducebacksliding.
Arecentreportmakesseveralrecommendations,includingtheabolitionofmost
post-convictionpenalties,exceptforthosespecificallyneededtoprotectpublicsafety.Wherethe
penaltiesarenotamust,theyshouldbeimposedonlyifthefactsofacasesupportit.
Thepointisnottoexcuseorforgetthecrime.Rather,itistorecognizethatinAmerica'svast
criminaljusticesystem,secondchancesarecrucial.Itisinnoone'sinteresttokeepalarge
segmentofthepopulationonthemarginsofsociety.
61.Whatdoesthewell-knowncolumnist'sremarkaboutMarthaStewartsuggest?
A)Herpastrecordmightstandinherwaytoanewlife.
B)Herbusinesswentbankruptwhileshewasinprison.
C)Herreleasefromprisonhasdrawnlittleattention.
D)Herprisonsentencemighthavebeenextended.
62.WhatdowelearnfromthesecondparagraphaboutmanycriminalsinAmerica?
A)Theybackslideafterservingtheirtermsinprison.
B)Theyaredeprivedofchancestoturnoveranewleaf.
C)Theyreceiveseverepenaltiesforcommittingminoroffenses.
D)Theyareconvictedregardlessoftheirindividualcircumstances.
63.WhataretheconsequencesformanyAmericanswithacriminalrecord?
A)Theyremainpoorfortherestoftheirlives.C)Theyaremarginalizedinsociety.
B)Theyaredeprivedofallsocialbenefits.D)Theyaredesertedbytheirfamily.
64.Whatdoestheauthorthinkofthepost-convictionlawsandrules?
A)Theyhelptomaintainsocialstability.
B)Someofthemhavelongbeenoutdated.
C)Theyarehardlyunderstoodbythepublic.
D)Alotofthemhavenegativeeffectsonsociety.
65.Whatistheauthor'smainpurposeinwritingthepassage?
A)Tocreateopportunitiesforcriminalstoreformthemselves.
B)ToappealforchangesinAmerica'scriminaljusticesystem.
C)Toensurethatpeoplewithacriminalrecordliveadecentlife.
D)Tocallpeople'sattentiontoprisoners'conditionsinAmerica.
答案:ABCDB
Passage7
Thewalletisheadingforextinction.Asaday-to-dayessential,itwilldieoffwiththe
generationwhoreadprintnewspapers.Thekindofshopping—whereyouhandovernotesand
countoutchangeinreturn—nowhappensonlyinthemostminorofourretailencounters,like
buyingabarofchocolateorapintofmilkfromacomershop.Attheshopswhereyouspendany
realmoney,thatmoneyisincreasinglyabstracted.Andthisismoreandmoretrue,thehigherup
7
thescaleyougo.Atthemostcutting-edgeretailstores—VictoriaBeckhamonDoverStreet,for
instance—youdon'tgoandstandatanykindofcashregisterwhenyoudecidetopay.Thestaff
areequippedwithiPadstotakeyourpaymentwhileyourelaxonasofa.
Whichisnothingmoreorlessthanexcellentservice,ifyouhavethemoney.Butacross
society,theabstractionoftheideaofcashmakesmeuneasy.MaybeI'mjustold-fashioned.But
earningmoneyisn'tquickoreasyformostofus.Isn'titabitweirdthatspendingitshouldhappen
inhalfablink(眨眼)ofaneye?Doesn'tawallet—thattime-honouredFriday-nightfeelingof
pleasing,promisingfatness—representsomethingthatmatters?
ButI'llleavetheeconomicstotheexperts.Whatbothersmeaboutthedeathofthewalletis
thechangeitrepresentsinourphysicalenvironment.Everythingaboutthelookandfeelofa
wallet—thewaythefasteningsandmaterialswearandtearandloosenwithage,theplasticand
paperandgoldandsilver,andhandwrittenphonenumbersandprintedcinematickets—isthevery
oppositeofwhatourworldisbecoming.TheoppositeofawalletisasmartphoneoraniPad.The
roundededges,coolglass,smoothandunknowableasapebble(鵝卵石).Insteadofdigging
throughpiecesofpaperandpeeringintocomers,wemoveourfingersleftandright.Nomore
countingoutcoins.Showyourwallet,ifyoustillhaveone.Itmaynotbeheremuchlonger.
56.Whatishappeningtothewallet?
A)Itisdisappearing.
C)Itisbecomingcostly,
B)Itisbeingfattened.D)Itischanginginstyle.
57.Howarebusinesstransactionsdoneinbigmodemstores?
A)Individually.
C)Intheabstract.
B)Electronically.D)Viaacashregister.
58.Whatmakestheauthorfeeluncomfortablenowadays?
A)Savingmoneyisbecomingathingofthepast.
B)ThepleasingFriday-nightfeelingisfading.
C)Earningmoneyisgettingmoredifficult.
D)Spendingmoneyissofastandeasy.
59.Whydoestheauthorchoosetowriteaboutwhat'shappeningtothewallet?
A)Itrepresentsachangeinthemodemworld.
B)Ithassomethingtodowitheverybody'slife.
C)Itmarkstheendofatime-honouredtradition.
D)Itistheconcernofcontemporaryeconomists.
60.Whatcanweinferfromthepassageabouttheauthor?
A)Heisresistanttosocialchanges.
B)Heisagainsttechnologicalprogress.
C)Hefeelsreluctanttopartwiththetraditionalwallet.
D)Hefeelsinsecureintheever-changingmodemworld.
答案:ABDAD
Passage8
Everybodysleeps,butwhatpeoplestayuplatetocatch—orwakeupearlyinordernotto
miss—variesbyculture.
Fromdatacollected,itseemsthethingsthatcauseustolosethemostsleep,onaverage,are
sportingevents,timechanges,andholidays.
8
Aroundtheworld,peoplechangedsleeppatternsthankstothestartorendofdaylightsavings
time,Russians,forexample,begantowakeupaboutahalf-hourlatereachdayafterPresident
VladimirPutinshiftedthecountrypermanentlyto"wintertime"startingonOctober26.
Russia'sotherlatenightsandearlymorningsgenerallycorrespondtopublicholidays.On
NewYear'sEve,Russianshavetheworld'slatestbedtime,hittingthehayataround3:30a.m.
、RussiansalsogetupanhourlateronInternationalWomen'sDay,thedayfortreatingand
celebratingfemalerelatives.
Similarly,Americans,latenights,latemornings,andlongestsleepsfallonthree-day
weekends.CanadagottheleastsleepoftheyearthenightitbeatSwedenintheOlympichockey
(冰球).TheWorldCupisalsochieflyresponsibleforsleepdeprivation(剝奪).Theworstnight
forsleepintheU.KwasthenightoftheEngland-ItalymatchonJune14.Britsstayedupa
half-hourlatertowatchit,andthentheywokeupearlierthanusualthenextmorningthanksto
summernights,thephenomenoninwhichthesunbarelysetsinnortherncountriesinthe
summertime.Thatwasnothing,though,comparedtoGermans,Italians,andtheFrench,who
stayeduparoundanhourandahalflateronvariousdaysthroughoutthesummer
towatchthe
Cup.
Itshouldbemadeclearthatnoteveryonehasadevicetorecordtheirsleeppatterns;insome
ofthesenations,it'slikelythatonlytherichestpeopledo.Andpeoplewhoelecttotracktheir
sleepmaytrytogetmoresleepthantheaverageperson.Evenifthat'sthecase,though,theabove
findingsarestillstriking.Ifthemosthealth-consciousamongushavesuchdeepswingsinour
shut-eyelevelsthroughouttheyear,howmuchsleeparetherestofuslosing?
61.Whatdoestheauthorsayaboutpeopledsleepinghabits?
A)Theyareculture-related.C)Theychangewiththeseasons.
B)Theyaffectpeopledhealth.
D)Theyvaryfrompersontoperson.
62.WhatdowelearnabouttheRussiansregardingsleep?
A)Theydon'tfallasleepuntilverylate.
C)Theygetlesssleeponpublicholidays.
B)Theydon'tsleepmuchonweekends.
D)Theysleeplongerthanpeopleelsewhere.
63.WhatisthemajorcauseforEuropeans'lossofsleep?
A)Thedaylightsavingstime.C)TheWorldCup.
B)Thecolorfulnightlife.
D)Thesummertime.
64.Whatisthemostprobablereasonforsomerichpeopletouseadevicetorecordtheirsleep
patterns?
A)Theyhavetroublefallingasleep.C)Theyareinvolvedinasleepresearch.
B)Theywanttogetsufficientsleep.D)Theyw
溫馨提示
- 1. 本站所有資源如無(wú)特殊說(shuō)明,都需要本地電腦安裝OFFICE2007和PDF閱讀器。圖紙軟件為CAD,CAXA,PROE,UG,SolidWorks等.壓縮文件請(qǐng)下載最新的WinRAR軟件解壓。
- 2. 本站的文檔不包含任何第三方提供的附件圖紙等,如果需要附件,請(qǐng)聯(lián)系上傳者。文件的所有權(quán)益歸上傳用戶(hù)所有。
- 3. 本站RAR壓縮包中若帶圖紙,網(wǎng)頁(yè)內(nèi)容里面會(huì)有圖紙預(yù)覽,若沒(méi)有圖紙預(yù)覽就沒(méi)有圖紙。
- 4. 未經(jīng)權(quán)益所有人同意不得將文件中的內(nèi)容挪作商業(yè)或盈利用途。
- 5. 人人文庫(kù)網(wǎng)僅提供信息存儲(chǔ)空間,僅對(duì)用戶(hù)上傳內(nèi)容的表現(xiàn)方式做保護(hù)處理,對(duì)用戶(hù)上傳分享的文檔內(nèi)容本身不做任何修改或編輯,并不能對(duì)任何下載內(nèi)容負(fù)責(zé)。
- 6. 下載文件中如有侵權(quán)或不適當(dāng)內(nèi)容,請(qǐng)與我們聯(lián)系,我們立即糾正。
- 7. 本站不保證下載資源的準(zhǔn)確性、安全性和完整性, 同時(shí)也不承擔(dān)用戶(hù)因使用這些下載資源對(duì)自己和他人造成任何形式的傷害或損失。
最新文檔
- 春游出行活動(dòng)策劃書(shū)(3篇)
- 租賃合同附帶擔(dān)保抵押合同(3篇)
- 高中體育教學(xué)反思【15篇】
- 入職培訓(xùn)心得(12篇)
- 天津市2024-2025學(xué)年高一上學(xué)期11月期中考試 化學(xué)試題(無(wú)答案)
- 河南省通許縣2024-2025學(xué)年八年級(jí)上學(xué)期期中考試道德與法治試卷
- 2024-2025學(xué)年浙江省金蘭教育合作組織高一上學(xué)期期中考試數(shù)學(xué)試題(含答案)
- 綠色環(huán)保安全生產(chǎn)協(xié)議
- 調(diào)研報(bào)告:智障兒童家庭教育問(wèn)題現(xiàn)狀研究及建議
- 證券交易指定銀行協(xié)議
- 邊坡監(jiān)測(cè)合同(與甲方)
- 《等邊三角形》教學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)
- 血管外科試題合集
- 相貫線(xiàn)過(guò)渡線(xiàn)畫(huà)法(課堂PPT)
- 醫(yī)院傳染病質(zhì)控自查表
- 廣告機(jī)質(zhì)量檢測(cè)報(bào)告(共6頁(yè))
- 中國(guó) 美國(guó) 日本水洗標(biāo)志對(duì)比
- 通用橫版企業(yè)報(bào)價(jià)單模板
- 潛油泵及潛油泵加油機(jī)講義
- 物業(yè)服務(wù)公司各崗位規(guī)范用語(yǔ)
- 醫(yī)患溝通內(nèi)容要求記錄模板(入院、入院三日、術(shù)前、術(shù)后、出院)
評(píng)論
0/150
提交評(píng)論