ACCESSIBILITY(機(jī)動(dòng)性和可達(dá)性)課件

1、 1.4 Basic Concepts in Traffic EngineeringMobility versus Accessibility（機(jī)動(dòng)性和可達(dá)性） Highway Classification （道路分類） Uninterrupted （連續(xù)流）and Interrupted （間斷流）flows Responsibility and Liability (責(zé)任與義務(wù))Transportation Legislation (交通立法)第1頁(yè)，共15頁(yè)。Mobility (機(jī)動(dòng)性) - refers to the ability to travel to many differen

2、t destinations, while accessibility (可達(dá)性) - refers to the ability to gain entry to a particular site or area With an increase of mobility the ability to access development decreases, and vise versa. Mobility versus Accessibility第2頁(yè)，共15頁(yè)。第3頁(yè)，共15頁(yè)。Graphic description between mobility and accessibility

3、第4頁(yè)，共15頁(yè)。Highway classification Location - urban and suburban (rural)Criterion - specification for roadway designEach country has different way in determining hierarchy of highwaysThe purpose of conducting classification for highway is to clarify the functionality of each category of roadways in pro

4、viding services in terms of mobility and accessibility 第5頁(yè)，共15頁(yè)。With increase of mobility the accessibility will decrease Freeway has the highest mobility; whereas local street has thehighest accessibility第6頁(yè)，共15頁(yè)。Freeways or expressways - access-controlled, multilane, divided highways devoted to hi

5、gh-speed, long-distance travel with little or no access adjacent to landArterials - roadways serving primarily to move traffic between principal traffic generators with partially access-controlled (residential access is discouraged, but commercial access is allowed), there are two categories: major

6、and minor第7頁(yè)，共15頁(yè)。Collectors - roadways serving internal traffic movements within an urban area and connecting it with the arterial system, there are two categories: major and minorLocal streets - primarily providing access to the development with low-speed第8頁(yè)，共15頁(yè)。第9頁(yè)，共15頁(yè)。 Uninterrupted and Interr

7、upted flowsUninterrupted flow (連續(xù)流)facilities have no external interruptions (外部干擾) to the traffic stream. Pure uninterrupted flow exists mainly on freeways and expressways.Interrupted flow (間斷流) facilities have external interruptions to the traffic stream. Almost all urban surface streets and highw

8、ays are interrupted flow facilities. 第10頁(yè)，共15頁(yè)。Uninterrupted flow facilities are fully or partially access-controlledFreeway in Germany (2008)Expressway in Beijing (2007)第11頁(yè)，共15頁(yè)。Interrupted flow facilities are not access-controlled, with external disruptions,resulting in stop-and-goUrban street in

9、 Atlantic City, USAUrban street in Beijing第12頁(yè)，共15頁(yè)。Responsibility and LiabilityPublic safetyLegal obligation - legal caseCommunication (溝通)with people traffic engineers work for - public hearing (聽(tīng)證會(huì)) public involvement (公眾參與)Community protection - traffic calming （寧?kù)o交通）第13頁(yè)，共15頁(yè)。Leeds, EnglandDresden, GermanyLane reduction is one oftraffic calming strategies第14頁(yè)，共15頁(yè)。Transportation Legislation of USAFederal-Aid Highway Act (1916 to 1983) （聯(lián)邦公路法） Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act (ISTEA) from 1991 to 1997 (冰茶法案) Transportation Equity Act for the 21st Century (T