專業(yè)綜合實(shí)驗(yàn)

1、題目：鹽酸摻雜導(dǎo)電聚苯胺的制備目錄第一章摘要第二章實(shí)驗(yàn)部分2.1實(shí)驗(yàn)所用主要試劑原材料2.2實(shí)驗(yàn)儀器和設(shè)備2.3鹽酸摻雜導(dǎo)電聚苯胺的制備第三章實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果與討論3.1實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果與數(shù)據(jù)記錄3.2實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果的討論第四章結(jié)論參考文獻(xiàn)第一章摘要聚苯胺(Polyaniline)一種重要的導(dǎo)電聚合物。聚苯胺的主鏈上含有 交替的苯環(huán)和氮原子，是一種特殊的導(dǎo)電聚合物。聚苯胺由苯胺單 體在酸性水溶液中經(jīng)化學(xué)氧化或電化學(xué)氧化得到，常用的氧化劑 為過硫酸鉉(APS)。中性條件下聚合的聚苯胺常含有枝化結(jié)構(gòu)。聚苯胺具有良好的導(dǎo)電性能，具有優(yōu)良的環(huán)境穩(wěn)定性。可用于制備傳感器、電池、電容器等。聚苯胺通過“氧化還原摻雜”處理，摻雜后

2、的聚苯胺導(dǎo)電率提高10 個(gè)數(shù)量級(jí)以上，并改善了其在溶劑中的溶解性和加工性能。聚苯 胺可以作為電磁波屏蔽材料，耐腐蝕材料，同時(shí)可以吸收微波， 還可以用來作為檢測空氣中氮氧化物的含量的材料以及H2S，SO2等有害氣體的含量。本實(shí)驗(yàn)采用的是化學(xué)氧化法在水溶液中合成聚苯胺乳液，聚合是在酸 性條件下用氧化劑過硫酸鉉(同時(shí)也是催化劑)，當(dāng)過硫酸鉉與苯胺 比為一時(shí)，聚合產(chǎn)率高達(dá)66.14%；當(dāng)鹽酸濃度為1.5molL時(shí)，室溫 下反應(yīng)12h導(dǎo)電性最好。制得性質(zhì)基本相同、電導(dǎo)率高、穩(wěn)定性好的 聚苯胺。通過對(duì)聚苯胺材料在不同溫度、氧化劑用量、PH值下對(duì)電 導(dǎo)率的影響，同時(shí)還討論氧化劑過硫酸鉉對(duì)導(dǎo)電率和PH的影響，

3、正 交試驗(yàn)得出的優(yōu)化工藝為：濃硫酸濃度為1.0molL，氧化劑與苯胺單 休摩爾比為1:1，室溫下反應(yīng)4h。關(guān)鍵詞：聚苯胺，鹽酸，導(dǎo)電高分子，摻雜ABSTRACTPolyaniline (Polyaniline) an important kind of conductive polymers. The main chain of polyaniline contains alternate benzene ring and the nitrogen atoms , is a special kind of conductive polymers. Polyaniline by aniline

4、monomer in acid aqueous classics in chemical oxidation or electrochemical oxidation get, commonly used for the oxidant of ammonium sulfate (APS). Neutral condition polymerization of polyaniline often contain branch of structure. Polyaniline has good conductivity, excellent environmental stability. C

5、an be used in the preparation of sensor, battery, capacitor, etc.Polyaniline through the REDOX doping treatment, after the doped polyaniline improve the rate of more than 10 orders of magnitude, and to improve the solubility in solvent and processing properties. Polyaniline can serve as the electrom

6、agnetic wave shielding materials, corrosion resistant material, at the same time can absorb microwaves, also can be used as a test of the content of nitrogen oxides air of materials and H2S, SO2 and other harmful gases content.This experiment was by the chemical oxidation in water solution synthesis

7、 polyaniline emulsion, Polymerization is in acid conditions with oxidant ammonium persulfate (also catalyst), When ammonium persulfate with aniline than a moment, polymerization production rate as high as 66.14%; When the hydrochloric acid concentration of 1.5 molL, reaction 12 h at room temperature

8、 conductivity is best. The same basic properties, conductivity, high stability good polyaniline. Through to the polyaniline materials in different temperature, the oxidant amount used, PH value of the influence of the conductivity, and also discuss antioxidant ammonium persulfate of conductive rate

9、and the influence of the PH, orthogonal test that the optimization of process for: Strong sulfuric acid concentration of 1.0 molL, antioxidant with aniline monomer Moore ratio of 1:1, reaction at room temperature 4 h.Keywords: polyaniline, Hydrochloric acid, conductive polymer, doping第二章實(shí)驗(yàn)部分2.1實(shí)驗(yàn)所用主

10、要試劑原材料實(shí)驗(yàn)所用主要試劑原材料如表2-1所示材料名稱規(guī)格濃度（mol/L）生產(chǎn)廠家苯胺（An）分析純0.215過硫酸銨（Aps）分析純2.39濃鹽酸分析純1.5表2-1實(shí)驗(yàn)中所用的苯胺的結(jié)構(gòu)式如圖2-1圖2-1苯胺的結(jié)構(gòu)式聚苯胺的結(jié)構(gòu)式如圖2-2圖2-2聚苯胺的結(jié)構(gòu)式2.2實(shí)驗(yàn)儀器和設(shè)備實(shí)驗(yàn)所用儀器和設(shè)備如表2-2所示儀器和設(shè)備型號(hào)生產(chǎn)廠家減壓蒸餾裝置電子萬能實(shí)驗(yàn)儀熱重分析儀傅里葉紅外光譜儀差示掃描量熱儀表2-2減壓蒸餾裝置如圖2-3圖2-32.3鹽酸摻雜導(dǎo)電聚苯胺的制備第一步 水體系（苯胺聚合的環(huán)境）45mL鹽酸和115mL苯胺（4g苯胺溶解在115mL去離子水中經(jīng) 兩次減壓蒸餾）混合加入燒杯中攪拌，用冰水浴控制溫度。水體系的組成見表2-3材料名稱物質(zhì)體積（ml）苯胺250鹽酸45去離子水115表2-3第二步氧化劑（aps）的配置稱取19.6g過硫酸鉉溶解