考前添分指導(dǎo)廣東高考英語語法填空指導(dǎo)精講精析

1、語法填空解題指導(dǎo)（續(xù)）在第21、22期的報(bào)紙上，我們解密了語法填空無提示詞類的考查，下面將與同學(xué)們一起探討語法填空中有提示詞類的考查（詞形轉(zhuǎn)換、非謂語動詞、動詞時(shí)態(tài)及語態(tài)、形容詞或副詞比較級）。了解考查項(xiàng)目在句中的語法功能是做這類試題的關(guān)鍵。1.考查詞形轉(zhuǎn)換近幾年來，詞形轉(zhuǎn)換大多是形容詞變副詞，其他是名詞變形容詞、動詞變名詞、動詞變形容詞。例 1 He must be 20 （mental） disabled.（2011廣東省高考）解析：mentally 。副詞mentally 用來修飾后面的形容詞disabled , mentally disabled 意為智障。例 2 His teache

2、r took a deep drink, smiled 34 （warm）, and thanked his student very much for the sweet water.（2010廣東省高考）解析：warmly。warmly用來修飾前面的動詞 smiled 。例 3 We drank together and talked 38 （merry） till far into the night.（2007廣東省高考）解析：merrily 。 merrily 用來修飾前面的動詞talked 。例 4 One Sunday morning in August I went to a

3、local musical festival. I left it early becauseI had an appointment 16 （late） that day.（2011廣東省高考）解析：later 。late 作副詞時(shí)，意為“遲，晚”。根據(jù)句子邏輯含義可知句意：那天我早些離開了（音樂節(jié)）是因?yàn)殡S后我有個(gè)約會。later意為“隨后，后來”。例 5 This proverb is saying we have to let things go in their 39 （nature） course.（2008廣東省高考）解析：natural 。此處填形容詞 natural 修飾 c

4、ourse。例 6 But Jane knew from past experience that her 36 （choose） of ties hardly ever pleased her father.（2009廣東省高考）解析：choice 。此處填名詞 choice作賓語從句的主語。例 7 Mary felt 18 （please）, because there were many empty seats in the room.（2012廣東省高考）解析：pleased 。由于主語是人，故此處用pleased 。例 8 “That would be a very 19 （reas

5、on） thing to do in a big city, but it could destroy a small village like ours, Nick said.（2013廣東省高考）解析：reasonable 。此處填形容詞 reasonable 修飾thing 。例 9“But such a small thing couldn t 23 （possible） destroy a village. ”（2013廣東省高考）解析：possibly 。 possibly 用來修飾后面的動詞destroy 。2.考查非謂語動詞這類考查包括對動詞不定式、現(xiàn)在分詞、過去分詞的考查。（

6、1）考查現(xiàn)在分詞例 1 He spit it out, 37 （say） it was awful. （2010廣東省高考）解析：saying 。由于say這一動作是由主語 He發(fā)出的，故填現(xiàn)在分詞。saying在句中作伴隨狀語。例 2 I got on the bus and found a seat near the back, and then I noticed a man 18 (sit)at the front. (2011廣東省高考)解析：sitting/sit 。根據(jù)固定用法 notice sb. do/doing sth. 可知，此處應(yīng)填 sitting 或者sit 。例 3

7、 He suddenly appeared in class one day, 16 (wear) sun glasses.(2012廣東省高考)解析：wearing。wear這一動作是由主語 He發(fā)出的，故此處填現(xiàn)在分詞。wearing在句中作伴隨狀語。例 4 “In the beginning, t here was only a very small amount of unfairness in the world, buteveryone added a little, always 25 (think) that it was only small and not very imp

8、ortant, and look where we have ended up today. ” (2013廣東省高考)解析：thinking 。 think這一動作是由主語 everyone發(fā)出的，故此處填現(xiàn)在分詞，thinking在句中作伴隨狀語。(2)考查過去分詞例While she was getting me 34 (settle) into a tiny but clean room, the head of thevillage was tying up his horse to my car to pull it to a small town some 20 kilomete

9、rs awaywhere there was a garage.(2007 解析：settled 。 get sb. settled (3)考查不定式例 1 For example, the proverb,廣東省高考）“把某人安頓好”?！皃lucking up a crop32(help) it grow ” , is based onthe following story.（2008廣東省高考）as her mother, who was always delighted解析：to help 。不定式作目的狀語。例 2 She wished that he was as easy 32 (

10、please) with perfume. (2009 廣東省高考)動詞不定式（用主動形解析：to please 。主語 + 謂語(系動詞)+ 形容詞(difficult, easy, hard, etc.)+ 式表被動含義)?！靖櫽?xùn)練】Everything seemed to be going (smooth) for the first two days after I moved to New York.Harry is feeling (comfort). He must have drunk too much at the party last night.This is by f

11、ar the most (inspire) movie that I have ever seen.I think watching TV every evening is a waste of time there are more (meaning)things to do.Generally, students inner motivation with high (expect) from others is essential to their development.In the global economy, a new drug for cancer will create m

12、any economic (possible) around the world.Teamleaders must ensure that all members get over their (nature)desire to avoidthe embarrassment associated with making mistakes.(tradition),college students hold a graduation ceremony to encourage themselvesbefore they set off on their life journey.David is

13、(allergy) to animal fur, so he won t visit anyone who has cats or dogs in the house.The famous (music), as well as his students, was invited to perform at the opening ceremony of the 2012 Taipei Flower Expo.The Forbidden City attracts a constant stream of (visit) every day, especially during nationa

14、l holidays.A society cannot be (success) if it throws tradition away.I stayed up late (write) a report last night.Not knowing which university (attend), the girl asked her teacher for advice.The airport (complete) next year will help promote tourism in this area.Laura was away in Paris for over a we

15、ek. When she got home, there was a pile of mail (wait) for her.In somelanguages, 100 words make up half of all words (use) in daily conversations.When I was little, my mother used to sit by my bed, (tell) me stories till I fell asleep.(recycle) is one way to protect the environment; reusing is anoth

16、er.The sun began to rise in the sky, (bathe) the mountain in golden light.You cannot accept an opinion (offer) to you unless it is based on facts.Every day read a proverb aloud several times until you have it (memorize). Lionel Messi, (set) the record for the most goals in a year, is considered the

17、most talented football player in Europe.Shortly after suffering from a massive earthquake and (reduce) toruins, the citytook on a new look. (found) in the early 20th century, the school keeps on inspiring children s love of art.(know) basic first-aid techniques will help you respond quickly to emerg

18、encies.Anyone, once (test) positive(陽性的)for H7N9 flu virus, will receive free medicaltreatment from our government.Would you mind (answer) some questions on shopping habits?參考答案及解析：smoothly 。此處填副詞 smoothly修飾be going ,意為順利地。uncomfortable 。根據(jù)句意可知，此處需用一個(gè)形容詞，表“不舒服的，填 uncomfortable 。inspiring 。此處填形容詞 ins

19、piring 修飾movie,表鼓舞人心的“。meaningful 。根據(jù)句意可知，此處填形容詞 meaningful修飾things 。expectation(s) 。根據(jù)句意可知，此處需填名詞expectation(s),表期望”。possibilities 。根據(jù) many 一詞可知，此處需填一個(gè)名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式表“可能的事，填 possibilities 。natural 。此處填形容詞 natural 修飾名詞desire 。Traditionally 。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處需填一個(gè)放在句首的副詞。allergic 。此處填形容詞 allergic , be allergic to 意

20、為對過敏”。musician 。根據(jù)his students及后面的謂語動詞was invited 可知，此處需要一個(gè)名詞表身份或職業(yè)，填 musician 。visitors 。根據(jù)句意可知，此處填名詞復(fù)數(shù)visitors ,表游客”。successful 。此處填形容詞 successful 作表語。writing 。由于write 這一動作是由主語I發(fā)出的，故此處填現(xiàn)在分詞。to attend 。此處是“疑問代詞 which + to +動詞原型”作賓語的用法。to be completed 。根據(jù)next year和will 可知，這個(gè)機(jī)場還未竣工，又因?yàn)?complete和airpo

21、rt 是邏輯上的動賓關(guān)系，故此處填to be completed 。waiting 。 there be sth. doing為固定結(jié)構(gòu)，表示“有某物正處于某狀態(tài)”。used 。動詞use和all words 是邏輯上的動賓關(guān)系，故此處填過去分詞。telling 。 tell這一動作是由主語 my mother發(fā)出的，故此處填現(xiàn)在分詞。Recycling 。此處填動名詞 Recycling 作句子的主語。bathing 。 bathe這一動作是由主語 The sun發(fā)出的，故此處填現(xiàn)在分詞。offered 。由于offer和an opinion 是邏輯上的動賓關(guān)系，故此處填過去分詞。memor

22、ized 。此處是 have sth. done的固定結(jié)構(gòu)。having set 。 set這一動作發(fā)生在 is considered 之前，所以用完成時(shí)態(tài)。由于 set這一動作由主 語 Lionel Messi 發(fā)出，故填 having set 。being reduced 。此處填 being reduced ,與 and 前的 suffering構(gòu)成并列關(guān)系，一起作 after 的介詞賓語；又因?yàn)閞educe與主語the city是邏輯上的動賓關(guān)系，故用被動語態(tài)。Founded 。 found這一動作和主語the school是邏輯上的動賓關(guān)系，故填過去分詞。Knowing 。此處填動名

23、詞，作句子的主語。tested 。此處是“連詞once+過去分詞”的結(jié)構(gòu)（由于是被檢測，因此用過去分詞），在句中作狀answering 。 此處是 mind doing sth.的固定表達(dá)， 故填 answering 。.考查謂語動詞時(shí)態(tài)及語態(tài)“一般過式時(shí)”是近幾年語法填空謂語動詞考查的重點(diǎn)。此外，還考查了 “過去進(jìn)行時(shí)”以及表虛擬語氣的had done結(jié)構(gòu)”。例 1 The sun was setting when my car 31 （break） down near a remote and poor village.（2007年廣東省高考）解析：broke。sb. was doing

24、sth. when sth. did 表示某人正在做某事時(shí)，這時(shí)發(fā)生了”。例 2 Besides, shopping at this time of the year was not a pleasant experience: people stepped on your feet or 34 （push） you with their elbows （月寸部），hurrying ahead to get to a bargain.（2009年廣東省高考）解析：pushedo根據(jù)前面的連詞 or可知，此處應(yīng)用一般過去時(shí)與stepped在時(shí)態(tài)上保持一致。stepped和pushed作并列謂語。

25、例 3 After a four-day journey, the young man 33 （present） the water to the old man.（2010年廣東省高考）解析：presented 。年輕人把水贈送給老年人是過去發(fā)生的動作，故用一般過去時(shí)。例 4 He 19 （pretend） that a tiger toy was real and giving it a voice.（2011年廣東省高考）解析：was pretending 。根據(jù)下文 giving it a voice 可知，此處應(yīng)用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)。was pretending和（was） giving 作

26、并列謂語。例 5 He walked in as if he 17 （buy） the school.（2012 年廣東省高考）解析：had bought o as if從句所表達(dá)的內(nèi)容與事實(shí)相反，表示對過去的虛擬，故用 had done結(jié)構(gòu)。例 6 Her mother was excited. Your father has at last decided to stop smoking,“ Jane 40 （inform）.（2009年廣東省高考）解析：was informed 。她的母親高興地說：“你的父親最終決定戒煙了。Jane 被告知。由于動作發(fā)生在過去并且Jane是動作的承受者，

27、故此處填 was informed 。例 7 Suddenly, he 16 （find） that he had run out of salt.（2013 年廣東省高考）解析：found o賓語從句中的had run out of salt為過去完成時(shí)，所以主句應(yīng)為一般過去時(shí)。故此處填 found 。.考查形容詞或副詞的比較級近幾年來，出現(xiàn)了對單音節(jié)形容詞或副詞比較級的考查。例 1 The teacher replied, “You tasted the water. I tast ed the gift. The water was simplythe container for an

28、act of kindness and love. Nothing could be 39(sweet). (2010年廣東省高考)解析：sweeter。根據(jù)句子邏輯含義及語法可知，此處應(yīng)填sweet的比較級sweeter。 nothing(具有否定含義的不定代詞)+謂語+形容詞比較級”表達(dá)最高級含義。 句意為：沒有什么比它更甜的了 (言外之 意它是最甜的)。例 2 He was very tired after doing this for a whole day, but he felt very happy since thecrop did grow38 (high).(2008 年廣

29、東省高考)解析：higher o根據(jù)句子邏輯含義及語法可知，此處應(yīng)填 high的比較級higher。句意為：這樣做了一 整天之后，他非常勞累，但是他覺得很高興，因?yàn)榍f稼確實(shí)“長得”更高了。例 3 It might have made it a little 21 (hard) for everybody because it meant they hadto turn around, but that didn t stop the kids in the class.(2012 年廣東省高考)解析：harder o根據(jù)句子邏輯含義及語法可知，此處應(yīng)填 hard的比較級harder。句意為：對

30、于所有的 人(學(xué)生)來說，這更加困難，因?yàn)樗麄儾坏貌晦D(zhuǎn)身，但這并不能阻止班上的孩子們(這樣做)?！靖櫽?xùn)練】Hurry up, kids! The school bus (wait) for us!Briggs will take over as general manager when Mitchell (retire). It was with the help of the local guide that the mountain climber (rescue). He was unhappy when he sold his guitar. After all, he (have)

31、 it for a very long time.We are confident that the environment (improve) by our furtherefforts to reducepollution.The water supply has been cut off temporarily because the workers (repair) one of the main pipes.I felt very tired when I got home, and I (go) straight to bed.A Midsummer Night s Dream (

32、open) at the TheatreRoyal next week, and then toursthroughout Scotland.“What do you want to be? ” asked Mrs. Crawford. Oh, I (be) president, “ said the boy, with a smile.- I don t understand why you didn t go to the lecture yesterday afternoon.一 I m so sorry. But I(do) my homework.From space, the ea

33、rth looks blue. This is because about seventy-one percent of its surface (cover) by water.I m calling about the apartment you(advertise) the other day. Could youtell memore about it?It s much (easy) to make friends when you have similar interests.I think I am a (nice) person today than I used to be, and I hope I will not