美國(guó)數(shù)學(xué)建模題目2017至2017翻譯

1、美國(guó)數(shù)學(xué)建模題目2017至2017翻譯篇一：2017年建模美賽C題帶翻譯Problem C: Cooperate and navigate ”Traffic capacity is limited in many regions of the United States due to the number of lanes of roads.For example, in the Greater Seattle area drivers experience long delays during peak traffic hoursbecause the volume of traffic e

2、xceeds the designed capacity of the road networks. This is particularlypronounced on Interstates 5, 90, and 405, as well as State Route 520, the roads of particular interestfor this problem.Self-driving, cooperating cars have been proposed as a solution to increase capacity of highwayswithout increa

3、sing number of lanes or roads. The behavior of these cars interacting with the existingtraffic flow and each other is not well understood at this point.The Governor of the state of Washington has asked for analysis of the effects of allowing self-driving,cooperating cars on the roads listed above in

4、 Thurston, Pierce, King, and Snohomish counties. (Seethe provided map and Excel spreadsheet).In particular, how do the effects change as thepercentage of self-driving cars increases from 10% to 50% to 90%? Do equilibria exist? Is there atipping point where performance changes markedly? Under what co

5、nditions, if any, should lanes bededicated to these cars? Does your analysis of your model suggest any other policy changes?Your answer should include a model of the effects on traffic flow of the number of lanes, peak and/oraverage traffic volume, and percentage of vehicles using self-driving, coop

6、erating systems. Yourmodel should address cooperation between self-driving cars as well as the interaction between self-driving and non-self-driving vehicles. Your model should then be applied to the data for the roads ofinterest, provided in the attached Excel spreadsheet.Your MCM submission should

7、 consist of a 1 page Summary Sheet, a 1-2 page letter to theGovernor office, and your solution (not to exceed 20 pages) for a maximum of 23 pages. Note: Theappendix and references do not count toward the 23 page limit. Some useful background information:On average, 8% of the daily traffic volume occ

8、urs during peak travel hours. ? The nominal speed limit for all these roads is 60 miles per hour.? Mileposts are numbered from south to north, and west to east.? Lane widths are the standard 12 feet.? Highway 90 is classified as a state route until it intersects Interstate 5.? In case of any conflic

9、t between the data provided in this problem and any other source, use thedata provided in this problem.Definitions:milepost: A marker on the road that measures distance in miles from either the start of the route or astate boundary.average daily traffic: The average number of cars per day driving on

10、 the erstate: Alimited access highway, part of a national system.state route: A state highway that may or may not be limited access.route ID: The number of the highway.increasing direction: Northbound for N-S roads, Eastbound for E-W roads.decreasing direction: Southbound for N-S roads, West

11、bound for E-W roads.問(wèn)題C:含作和導(dǎo)航”由于道路的數(shù)量，美國(guó)許多地區(qū)的交通容量有限。例如，在大西雅圖地區(qū)，由于交通 量超過(guò)道路網(wǎng)絡(luò)的設(shè)計(jì)容量，司機(jī)在交通高峰時(shí)段經(jīng)歷長(zhǎng)時(shí)間的延誤。這在5號(hào)，90號(hào)和405號(hào)州際公路以及 520號(hào)國(guó)道，特別關(guān)注這個(gè)問(wèn)題的道路上尤其明顯。自動(dòng)駕駛，合作車已被提出作為增加公路的能力而不增加車道或道路的數(shù)量的解決方 案。在這一點(diǎn)上，這些汽車與現(xiàn)有交通流和彼此交互的行為尚未被很好地理解。華盛頓州州長(zhǎng)要求分析允許在Thurston , Pierce, King和Snohomish縣的上述道路上自行駕駛合作汽車的影響。（見(jiàn)提供的地圖和 Excel電子表格）

12、。特別是，自動(dòng)駕駛汽車的百分 比從10%增加到50%到90%,效果如何變化？平衡是否存在？是否有性能變化明顯的臨界 點(diǎn)？在什么條件下，如果有的話，應(yīng)該有車道專用于這些車？您對(duì)模型的分析是否表明有任 何其他政策變化？您的答案應(yīng)包括對(duì)車道數(shù)量，峰值和/或平均交通量的交通流量的影響的模型，以及使用自動(dòng)駕駛，合作系統(tǒng)的車輛的百分比。你的模型應(yīng)該解決自駕車之間的合作以及自駕車和非自駕車之間的相互作用。然后，您的模型應(yīng)用于附帶的Excel電子表格中提供的感興趣道路的數(shù)據(jù)。您的MCM提交應(yīng)包括1頁(yè)摘要表，1至2頁(yè)總督辦公室信， 以及您的解決方案（不超過(guò)20頁(yè)），最多23頁(yè)。注意：附錄和參考文獻(xiàn)不計(jì)入23頁(yè)的

13、限制。 一些有用的背景信息：平均而言，每天交通量的8%發(fā)生在高峰旅行時(shí)間。?所有這些道路的名義速度限制為每小時(shí)60英里。?里程數(shù)從南到北，從西到東。?車道寬度為標(biāo)準(zhǔn)12英尺。?高速公路90被分類為狀態(tài)路線，直到它與州際 5相交。?如果此問(wèn)題中提供的數(shù)據(jù)與任何其他源出現(xiàn)沖突，請(qǐng)使用此問(wèn)題中提供的數(shù)據(jù)。定義：milepost:道路上的標(biāo)記，用于測(cè)量距離路線或天體邊界的距離（以英里為單位）。平均每日交通量：在 erstate上行駛的平均每天的汽車數(shù)量：有限訪問(wèn)高速公路，國(guó)家 系統(tǒng)的一部分。國(guó)家路線：可能受限或不受限制的國(guó)家公路。路由ID：高速公路的編號(hào)。增加方向：N-S道路北行，E-

14、W道路東行。下降方向：N-S道南行，E-W道西行。篇二：2017美賽D題中文翻譯D題中文翻譯：?jiǎn)栴}D:在機(jī)場(chǎng)安全檢查站優(yōu)化乘客吞吐量繼2001年9月11日美國(guó)發(fā)生恐怖襲擊事件后，全世界的機(jī)場(chǎng)安全狀況得到顯著改善。 機(jī)場(chǎng)有安全檢查站， 在那里，乘客及其行李被檢查爆炸物和其他危險(xiǎn)物品。這些安全措施的目的是防止乘客劫持或摧毀飛機(jī)，并在旅行期間保持所有乘客的安全。然而，航空公司有既得利益，通過(guò)最小化他們?cè)诎踩珯z查站排隊(duì)等候并等待他們的航班的時(shí)間，為乘客保持積極的飛行體驗(yàn)。因此，在希望之間存在最大化安全性同時(shí)最小化對(duì)乘客的不便的張力。在2016年，美國(guó)運(yùn)輸安全局（TSQ受到了對(duì)極長(zhǎng)線路，特別是在芝加哥的

15、奧黑爾國(guó) 際機(jī)場(chǎng)的尖銳批評(píng)。在此公眾關(guān)注之后，TSA投資對(duì)其檢查點(diǎn)設(shè)備和程序進(jìn)行了若干修改，并增加了在高度擁堵的機(jī)場(chǎng)中的人員配置。雖然這些修改在減少等待時(shí)間方面有一定的成功，但TSA在實(shí)施新措施和增加人員配置方面花費(fèi)了多少成本尚不清楚。除了在OHare的問(wèn)題，還有在其他機(jī)場(chǎng)，包括通常有短的等待時(shí)間的機(jī)場(chǎng)不明原因和不可預(yù)測(cè)的長(zhǎng)線的事件。檢查點(diǎn)線路的這種高差異對(duì)于乘客來(lái)說(shuō)可能是極其昂貴的，因?yàn)樗麄儧Q定在不必要地早到達(dá)或可能丟失他們的預(yù)定航班之間。許多新聞文章，包括 123,4,5,描述了與機(jī)場(chǎng)安全檢查站相 關(guān)的一些問(wèn)題。您的內(nèi)部控制管理（ICM）團(tuán)隊(duì)已經(jīng)與TSA簽訂合同，審查機(jī)場(chǎng)安全檢查站和人員配

16、置， 以確定可能干擾乘客吞吐量的瓶頸。他們特別感興趣的創(chuàng)意解決方案，既增加檢查點(diǎn)吞吐量，減少等待時(shí)間的方差，同時(shí)保持相同的安全和安全標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。美國(guó)機(jī)場(chǎng)安全檢查點(diǎn)的當(dāng)前流程如圖1所示。?區(qū)域A:o乘客隨機(jī)到達(dá)檢查站，并等待隊(duì)列，直到安全人員可以檢查他們的身份證明和登機(jī)文 件。?區(qū)域B:o然后乘客移動(dòng)到打開的篩選線的后續(xù)隊(duì)列；根據(jù)機(jī)場(chǎng)的預(yù)期活動(dòng)水平，或多或少的線路可能開放。o一旦乘客到達(dá)這個(gè)隊(duì)列的前面，他們準(zhǔn)備所有的物品用于 X射線檢查。乘客必須用液體去除鞋子，皮帶，夾克，金屬物體，電子產(chǎn)品和容器，將它們放置在單獨(dú)的X射線有f中；筆記本電腦和一些醫(yī)療設(shè)備也需要從其袋中取出并放置在單獨(dú)的容器中。o他們的

17、所有物品，包括包含上述物品的箱子，由傳送帶通過(guò)X光機(jī)移動(dòng)，其中一些物品被標(biāo)記，供安全人員（D區(qū)）進(jìn)行額外的搜索或篩選。o同時(shí)乘客通過(guò)毫米波掃描儀或金屬探測(cè)器進(jìn)行處理。未能通過(guò)此步驟的乘客接受安全官員（D區(qū)）的輕擊檢查。?C區(qū)：o乘客然后前進(jìn)到 X射線掃描儀另一側(cè)的傳送帶，收集他們的物品并離開檢查站區(qū)域。圖1: TSA安全篩選過(guò)程的圖示。大約45%的乘客報(bào)名參加一個(gè)稱為預(yù)檢查信任旅行者的計(jì)劃。這些乘客支付85美元，接受背景調(diào)查，并享受五年的獨(dú)立篩選程序。盡管事實(shí)上更多的乘客使用預(yù)檢查過(guò)程，但是每三條常規(guī)車道通常有一個(gè)預(yù)檢查車道打開。預(yù)檢查乘客和他們的行李經(jīng)過(guò)相同的篩選過(guò)程，經(jīng)過(guò)一些修改，以加快篩

18、選。預(yù)檢查乘客還必須移除掃描用的金屬和電子物品以及任何液體， 但不需要去除鞋子，皮帶或燈罩 ；他們也不需要從他們的包里刪除他們的電腦。收集了關(guān)于乘客如何進(jìn)行安全檢查過(guò)程的每個(gè)步驟的數(shù)據(jù)。您的特定任務(wù)是：一個(gè)。開發(fā)一個(gè)或多個(gè)模型，允許您通過(guò)安全檢查點(diǎn)探索乘客流，并識(shí)別瓶頸。清楚地確定當(dāng)前流程中存在哪些問(wèn)題區(qū)域。bo對(duì)當(dāng)前流程開發(fā)兩個(gè)或多個(gè)潛在修改，以提高旅客吞吐量并減少等待時(shí)間的差異。對(duì)這些更改進(jìn)行建模，以演示修改如何影響流程。Co眾所周知，世界上不同的地方都有自己的文化規(guī)范，塑造了地方社會(huì)互動(dòng)的規(guī)則?？紤]這些文化規(guī)范如何影響你的模型。例如，美國(guó)人以深為尊重和優(yōu)先考慮別人的個(gè)人空間而聞名，并且在

19、他人面前有一個(gè)社會(huì)歧視切割”。同時(shí)，瑞士人以集體效率為重點(diǎn)，中國(guó)人以優(yōu)先個(gè)人效率而聞名?？紤]文化差異如何影響乘客的過(guò)程通過(guò)檢查點(diǎn)作為敏感性分析的方 式。您應(yīng)用于敏感性分析的文化差異可以基于真實(shí)的文化差異，或者您可以模擬與任何特定文化(例如，較慢的旅行者)無(wú)關(guān)的不同旅行者風(fēng)格。安全系統(tǒng)如何以加快乘客吞吐量并減 少差異的方式來(lái)適應(yīng)這些差異？do根據(jù)您的模型為安全管理器提出政策和程序建議。這些策略可以是全球適用的，或 者可以針對(duì)特定文化和/或旅行者類型來(lái)定制。除了開發(fā)和實(shí)施您的模型來(lái)解決這個(gè)問(wèn)題，您的團(tuán)隊(duì)還應(yīng)該驗(yàn)證您的模型，評(píng)估優(yōu)勢(shì)和弱點(diǎn)，并提出改進(jìn)建議(未來(lái)工作)。您的ICM提交應(yīng)包含1頁(yè)的摘要表

20、，您的解決方案不能超過(guò)20頁(yè)，最多21頁(yè)。注意：附錄和參考文獻(xiàn)不計(jì)入20頁(yè)的限制。篇三：2017年建模美賽B題帶翻譯Problem B: Merge After TollMulti-lane divided limited- access toll highways use “ ramptolls a nd “ barrier tolls to collect tolls from motorists. A ramp toll is a collection mechanism at anentrance or exit ramp to the highway and these do not

21、 concern us here. A barrier toll is a row of tollbooths placed across the highway, perpendicular to thedirection of traffic flow. There are usually (always) more tollbooths than there are incoming lanes of traffic (see former 2005 MCM Problem B). So when exiting the tollbooths in a barrier toll, veh

22、icles must “ fan in from the larger number of tollbooth egress lanes to the smaller number of regular travel lanes. A toll plaza is the area of the highway needed to facilitate the barrier toll, consisting of the fan-out area before the barrier toll, the toll barrier itself, and the fan-in area afte

23、r the toll barrier. For example, a three-lane highway (one direction) may use 8tollbooths in a barrier toll. After paying toll, the vehicles continue on their journey on a highway having the same number of lanes as had entered the toll plaza (three, in this example).Consider a toll highway having L

24、lanes of travel in each direction and a barrier toll containing B tollbooths (B L) in each direction. Determine the shape, size, and merging pattern of the area following the toll barrier in which vehicles fan in fromB tollbooth egress lanes down to L lanes of traffic. Important considerations to in

25、corporate in your model include accident prevention, throughput (number of vehicles per hour passing the point where the end of the plaza joins theL outgoing traffic lanes), and cost (land and road construction are expensive). In particular, this problem does not ask for merely a performance analysi

26、s of any particular toll plaza design that may already be implemented. The point is to determine if there are better solutions （shape, size, and merging pattern） than any in common use.Determine the performance of your solution in light and heavy traffic. How does your solution change as more autono

27、mous （self-driving） vehicles are added to the traffic mix? How is your solution affected by the proportions of conventional （human-staffed） tollbooths, exact-change （automated） tollbooths, and electronic toll collection booths （such as electronic toll collection via a transponder in the vehicle）?Your MCM submission should consist of a 1 pag