英語國家概況-新西蘭篇中英翻譯

1、-. z.第六局部 新西蘭 Part Si* New Zealand Chapter33.New Zealand(capital: Wellington)惠靈頓1)新西蘭的地理位置New Zealands geography: 新西蘭地處南太平洋，位于赤道和南極之間New Zealand is in the Southern Pacific Ocean,halfway between the equator and the South Pole.新西蘭的面積與英國和日本相近。它有2個主要的島，北島和南島The size of the country is similar to Britain

2、or Japan.It has two main islands:North Island and South Island 新西蘭位于國際日期變更線以西，所以它是世界上第一個迎接新一天到來的國家。New Zealand is just west of the Internationnal Date Line,so it is the first country to get the new day. 最高的山峰是庫克山，海拔3764米。 波湖是新西蘭最大的湖。The highest peak is Mt Cook,3764M. Lake Taupo is the largest lake i

3、n New Zealand 南島最大的河流是克魯沙河，北島最大的河流有2個，是懷卡托河和黃加雷河。 The largest rivers in South Island is the Clutha,and in the North Island is the Waikato and the wanganui.地震和火山是新西蘭最嚴(yán)重的自然災(zāi)害。 Earthquakes and volcanoes are the most serious potential natural disasters. 2)氣候特征Characteristics of New Zealands climate;氣候溫和

4、generally temperates.多樣，最北端是亞熱帶氣候，南島一些山區(qū)則是亞寒帶氣候varied climate: In the far north it is subtropical and in some mountainous areas of South Island it is subarctic.常年下雨Rain falls all year round新西蘭最充足的城鎮(zhèn)是納爾遜，西海岸的降雨量最大。ThesunniesttowninNewZealand, Nelson，The highest rainfall is on the west coast.植物和動物 Pla

5、nts and Animals 新西蘭的許多土生有花植物都是獨一無二的。世界上最古老的一些植物種類在這里可以找到Many of New Zealands native flowering plants are unique. Some of the worlds oldest plant forms can be found here新西蘭的本國樹木卻是四季常青，所以整個新西蘭全年常綠NewZealandnativetreesare evergreens, sothecountryremainsgreenallyear round.紅色的波赫塔克瓦被稱為新西蘭的圣誕樹 The red pohu

6、tukawa called New Zealand Christmas tree 幾維鳥被當(dāng)作是國家的象征，新西蘭人也這樣稱呼自己 The kiwi is a national symbol and New Zealanders refer to themselves as Kiwis. .歷史背景 Historical Background1、第一個到達(dá)新西蘭的歐洲人是荷蘭的阿貝爾.塔斯曼，1642年。 The frist European to visit New Zealand in 1642 was a Dutchman, Abel Tasman. 2、最早到達(dá)新西蘭的英國人是英國皇家

7、海軍的詹姆士.庫克船長，1769年。 The frist Englishman to visit New Zealand in 1769 was Captain James COok of the British Royal Navy. 英國政府對這個國家感興趣有多種原因: The British government was interested in the country for various reasons:與新西蘭貿(mào)易往來對于經(jīng)濟(jì)極為重要;新西蘭沒有法律，也沒有任何人實施法律;在與移民交往中，沒有人保護(hù)毛利人的權(quán)利trade with New Zealand was economi

8、cally important; there were no laws or anyone to enforce them; there was no one to protect Maori rights in dealings with the settlers;3、1840年第一位總督威廉.赫伯森，代表維多利亞女王和毛利酋長簽訂了威坦哲條約，現(xiàn)代新西蘭成立了。 In 1840 Hobson ,representing Queen Victoria, and some Maori chiefs, signed the Treaty of Waitangi.Modern New Zealan

9、d was founded. 條約的三條容 The Treaty of Waitangi 1840 has three articles 1)毛利人把立法權(quán)交給英國女王 the Maori people gave the Queen of england the right to make laws for the country 2) 毛利人擁有自己的土地，森林，漁場，如果毛利人想出售他們的財產(chǎn)，只能賣給英國政府。 promised the Maori own their lands,forests,and other treasured possessions,if Maori wante

10、d to sell land ,only the Crown had the right to buy。 3) 保證毛利人享有和英國臣民一樣的權(quán)利Maoris were granted all the rights and privileges of British subjects. 4、1852年，新西蘭被準(zhǔn)許部自治。In 1852 New Zealand was granted internal self-government.5、1865年，移民者建立惠靈頓成為首都Wellington founded by the first settlers became the capital i

11、n 1865.6.19世紀(jì)60年代歐洲人和毛利人發(fā)生土地糾紛，爆發(fā)戰(zhàn)爭Land war between the Europeans and the Maoris broke out in the 1860s.7、在南島、奧塔戈發(fā)現(xiàn)了黃金，1870年，淘金熱完畢Gold was discovered in Otago and Westland, but the gold boom ended in 18701893年，新西蘭成為第一個婦女有選舉權(quán)的國家。 In 1893 New Zealand became the first country to give women the vote 2月6

12、日是條約簽定的紀(jì)念日，這一天也就是新西蘭的國慶日，是全國性的節(jié)日。The anniversary of the signing, February 6, is celebrated as New Zealand National Day, Waitangi Day, and is a national holiday. 20世紀(jì)30年代早期的經(jīng)濟(jì)蕭條對新西蘭打擊很大。The economic depression of the early 1930s was severely felt in New Zealand.第二次世界大戰(zhàn)后，人們充分就業(yè)，生產(chǎn)和效勞行業(yè)迅速開展。After the w

13、ar there was full employment and manufacturing and service industries e*panded.1972年通過的事故賠償法是世界上獨一無二的，它對任何時候的事故傷害都提供保險。The Accident pensation Act of 1972, unique in the world,.毛利人的文化 Maoritanga 毛利人的文化是新西蘭生活中開展和變化的一局部。毛利人對世界、自然、教育、精神及死亡的看法，越來越變?yōu)樾挛魈m的生活方式。Maoritanga is a growing and changing part of li

14、fe in Aotearoa (New Zealand). Maori views of the world, of nature, of education, of spirituality and of death, are being more and more part of the New Zealand way of life. 毛利人相信，他們的祖先及世界上所有的生物都是神靈創(chuàng)造的。Maoris believe their ancestors, and all living things in the world, were descended from the gods, 馬拉

15、埃-聚會大廳及其周圍土地-是毛利人村社生活的中心。The marae-the meeting house and the land around it-is the focus of Maori munity life. 政府于1871年制定了一條制止毛利族兒童在學(xué)校里講毛利語的法令，因此毛利語就衰落了In 1871 the government made a law to stop Maori children speaking their language at school and the Maori language declined,第一所雙語學(xué)校于1974年成立，這些主要是由于毛利

16、族婦女的努力，她們是為了讓孩子學(xué)習(xí)毛利語和風(fēng)俗習(xí)慣。In 1974 the first bilingual school was established. mostly through the efforts of Maori women, for children to learn Maori language and customs.毛利語現(xiàn)在是新西蘭的兩種官方語言之一。Maori is now one of the two official languages of Aotearoa. 第三十四章 今日新西蘭 Chapter 34 New Zealand Today 盡管新西蘭依賴農(nóng)業(yè)，

17、但大多數(shù)人還是居住在城鎮(zhèn)和城市里。In spite of New Zealands dependence on agriculture, most people live in towns and cities.幾乎3/4的人住在北島，50%的新西蘭人住在漢密爾頓以北。造成這種人口分布不均的主要原因是由于北部的溫和氣候，北島工業(yè)的開展及北部適合于特殊耕作的土地。Nearly three fourths of the people live in North Island, with over 50% of New Zealanders living north of Hamilton. Rea

18、sons for this uneven distribution are the milder climate in the north, the e*pansion of North Island industries and the availability of land suitable for specialized farming. .政治體系 The Political System 新西蘭沒有任何單獨的成文憲法。憲法往往被包含于大量的議會法規(guī)，法院判決及政府常規(guī)之中。There is no single written constitution. It is containe

19、d in a large number of parliamentary statutes (laws) , judiciary (court) rulings, and administrative practices. 新西蘭是個獨立主權(quán)國，有議會政府和君主立憲制。New Zealand is a sovereign independent state, with a parliamentary government and a constitutional monarchy.新西蘭沿襲了英國的議會制，但沒有和英國上議院一樣的院。New Zealand follows the Britis

20、h Parliamentary system，but there is no equivalent to the British House of Lords. 幾乎每一位常住居民都可以投票, 新西蘭是第一批采用秘密投票方式的國家之一，Almost every permanent resident can vote. . New Zealand was among the first countries to adopt the secret ballot.在眾議院中擁有多數(shù)議員的政黨領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人成為首相。她或他和另外挑選出的20名成員組成閣。The leader of the party with

21、 a majority of members in the House of Representatives bees Prime Minister. He or she and about 20 other chosen members, form the Cabinet.法庭處理民事和刑事案件。分地區(qū)法庭、家庭法庭青少年法庭等The courts handle both civil and criminal eases. It divided into district courts, Family Court, and Young Persons Court.司法系統(tǒng)(法院)獨立于政府。

22、The judiciary (court system) is independent of the government.除了國民(中央)政府之外，還有地方政府。地方政府負(fù)責(zé)解決當(dāng)?shù)氐男枰狪n addition to the national government there are local authorities. Local authorities attend to local needs,新西蘭人的特點Characteristics of New Zealand People 1歐洲文化與波利尼西亞文化的結(jié)合產(chǎn)生了一種頗具特色的民族個性，這種個性很難給它下定義。The binat

23、ion of European and Polynesian cultures has produced a characteristic national identity which is hard to define2他們也為自己的獨立個性和自立精神而感到自豪。新西蘭人都重視實事的態(tài)度。they are very proud of being independentandself-reliant.Theyvaluea practical approach 3人們普遍崇信社會平等，工作的權(quán)利被大家所承受，因此按國際標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，失業(yè)率一直很低。There is widespread beliefi

24、nsocialequality. Therighttoworkisacceptedbyeveryone, andthelevelofunemploymenthasbeenlowby internationalstandards.4基督教是傳播最廣的信仰。 Christianity is the most widespread religion.新西蘭是世界上第一批為青年人設(shè)立全國性的免費牙科效勞的國家之一。New Zealand was one of the first countries in the world to establish a free national dental ser

25、vice for young people.所有人都可以享受免費教育。幾乎所有的學(xué)校都是由國家辦的。Education is freely available to everyone. Nearly all schools are run by the state.一些中等學(xué)校、尤其是在一些較大的城市中，是單性別的學(xué)校。Some secondary schools, especially in the larger cities, are single se* school. .國際市場 The International Marketplace貿(mào)易是新西蘭的生命線。需要進(jìn)口礦產(chǎn)品以保持其經(jīng)濟(jì)

26、的運行。Trade is New Zealands livelihood. New Zealand needs to import minerals to keep its economy running. 75%以上的進(jìn)口是生產(chǎn)所需的原料和交通燃料。新西蘭依靠出口增加收入，方法是使產(chǎn)品多樣化。Over 75% of importsarerawmaterialsneededforproductionandtransportfuels. New Zealand dependson increasing its e*port ine by diversifying its products. 西歐

27、，尤其是英國，在傳統(tǒng)上一直是新西蘭的主要出口市場。Western Europe and particularlyBritainhavetraditionallybeenNewZealandsmajor e*pertmarket. 新西蘭的主要進(jìn)口品為工業(yè)原料、根本設(shè)備和消費品。許多項產(chǎn)品都不收進(jìn)口稅。The main imports are industrial raw materials, capital equipment and consumer goods. Many items are imported duty free.有時，新西蘭被稱為世界上最大的農(nóng)場New Zealand i

28、s sometimes called the worlds biggest farm.許多地方都多山，大約2/3的耕地崎嶇不平，新西蘭是農(nóng)用飛機(jī)的開拓者，much of its land is mountainous. About two thirds of farmland is too rugged, so New Zealand has been a pioneer in agricultural aviation,農(nóng)場耕作高度機(jī)械化，農(nóng)場效率很高，新西蘭的大多數(shù)農(nóng)場主都擁有自己的土地，農(nóng)場幾乎是家庭企業(yè)。Farming is highly mechanized. Farms are h

29、ighly efficient and most of New Zealands farmers own their own land. Farms are very much family businesses. 新西蘭是世界上最大的羔羊和羊肉出口國，也是最大的奶制品出口國。New Zealand is the worlds largest e*porter of lamb and mutton. It is also the largest e*porter of dairy products.新西蘭人以他們的創(chuàng)造性而聞名，這種創(chuàng)造性產(chǎn)生了農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械設(shè)備的多項研制開發(fā)。New Zealanders are known for their inventiveness. This has