旅游景點(diǎn)范例之一：北京故宮

1、旅游景點(diǎn)范例之一：北京故宮A Brief Introduction to the Imperial Palace【概述】本文選自1998年中國世界語出版社出版的故宮向?qū)D （A Sketch Map of the Imperial Palace）。與其它詳細(xì)的景點(diǎn)介紹不同，導(dǎo)游圖上的文字一般比較簡短，旨在概括地介紹景點(diǎn)的歷史、現(xiàn)狀及其重要的文物價(jià)值，增強(qiáng)他們的游覽興趣。原文很好地濃縮了故宮的精華，語言樸實(shí)，空間和時(shí)間邏輯鮮明，是一篇典型的旅游文體文章。翻譯成英文，總體風(fēng)格要與原文一致，應(yīng)注意故宮里主要建筑物名稱的翻譯，使用音譯加意譯的方法，因?yàn)檫@些名稱里面包含著獨(dú)特的中華文化的基本精神，如“天

2、人合一”的理念。原文中有大量描寫建筑布局和造型的文字，不可拘泥，要靈活處理，重在實(shí)現(xiàn)原文的信息功能。1故宮舊稱紫禁城，位于北京城的中心，為明、清兩代的皇宮，是中國現(xiàn)存最大最完整的古代木構(gòu)建筑群。始建于明永樂四年（1406年），歷時(shí)十四年才竣工。迄今已有500余年歷史，有24位皇帝相繼在此登基執(zhí)政。The Imperial Palace, previously called the Forbidden City and now popularly known as the Palace Museum, is located in the center of Beijing. Once the p

3、alace of the Ming and Qing dynasties, it is the largest and most complete ancient wooden complex extant in China today. Building work began in 1406, the fourth year of the Ming emperor Yongles reign. The complex was finished 14 years later. During its time as Imperial Palace a succession of 24 emper

4、ors sat on the throne and administered state affairs. 2被稱為“殿宇之?！钡墓蕦m平面為長方形，占地72萬平方米，有殿宇樓閣9000多間，建筑面積達(dá)15萬平方米。宮墻長達(dá)3公里，四面各一門，四角均矗立造型奇特的角樓， The rectangular palace complex occupies an area of 720,000 square meters and consists of 9000 rooms, with a floor area of 150,000 square meters. The wall surrounding

5、 the Imperial Palace is three kilometers long, with a gate on all four sides and a uniquely shaped watchtower standing at each of the four corners. 3墻外環(huán)繞寬52米的護(hù)城河，構(gòu)成森嚴(yán)壁壘的城堡。宮殿建筑有外朝、內(nèi)廷之分。外朝以太和殿、中和殿、保和殿為中心，文華、武英兩殿為側(cè)翼。 Around the outside of the wall runs the 52-meter-wide moat. The palace grounds are di

6、vided into two main sections, the Front Palace and the Inner Palace. In the center of the Front Palace stand Taihedian (Hall of Supreme Harmony), Zhonghedian (Hall of Complete Harmony) and Baohedian (Hall of Preserving Harmony), with Wenhuadian (Hall of Literary Glory) and Wuyingdian (Hall of Milita

7、ry Prowess) as the wings. 4內(nèi)廷分中、東、西三路，中路為乾清宮、交泰殿、坤寧宮，其后是御花園；中路兩側(cè)為東、西六宮；東六宮向南至奉先殿、齋宮和誠肅殿；西六宮往南為養(yǎng)心殿。 The Inner Palace consists of three parts, the Middle Road, the Eastern Road and the Western Road. The Middle Road consists of Qianqinggong (Hall of Heavenly Purity), Jiaotandian (Hall of Prosperity) an

8、d Kunninggong (Hall of Earthly Peace), behind which is the Imperial Garden. On the Eastern Road stand the Six Eastern Palaces and on the Western Road the Six Western Palaces. To the south of the Eastern Road is Fengxiandian (Hall of Ancestral Worship), Zhaigong (Hall of Abstinence) and Chengsudian (

9、Hall of Sincerity and Solemnity). To the south of the Western Road is Yangxindian (Hall of Mental Cultivation). 5內(nèi)廷外圍東有寧壽宮，西有慈寧宮、壽康宮、英華殿等。整體布局嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)有序，體現(xiàn)了“前朝后寢”的格局。 To the east of the Inner Palace is Ningshougong (Palace of Peaceful Longevity), and to the west Cininggong (Hall of Benevolent Peace), Shou

10、kanggong (Hall of Longevity and Health) and Yinghuadian (Hall of Flowers). The layout of the Imperial Palace is well organized, a fine example of standard palace construction with the administrative offices at the fore and living quarters at the rear. 6內(nèi)廷另有三座花園：御花園、寧壽宮（乾?。┗▓@、慈寧宮花園。1911年辛亥革命爆發(fā)，末代皇帝溥儀

11、下臺(tái)后仍居內(nèi)廷直至1924年被逐出宮。There are three gardens in the Inner Palace: the Imperial Garden, the Ningshou Garden (Garden of Peaceful Longevity) and the Cining Garden (Garden of Benevolent Peace). The 1911 Revolution overthrew the Qing Dynasty, but the last emperor, Puyi, remained in the Inner Palace till he

12、 was driven out in 1924. 7故宮建筑氣勢雄偉、豪華壯麗，是中國古建筑藝術(shù)的精華，其規(guī)格之巨和獨(dú)具特色的建筑藝術(shù)享譽(yù)世界。在這里保存的大量珍貴文物，稀世絕寶，是研究明、清兩代歷史和歷代藝術(shù)的重要物證。 The grand and magnificent Imperial Palace embodies the essence of ancient Chinese architecture, thus it enjoys worldwide fame for its scale and unique architectural detailing. A large numb

13、er of rare and precious relics are preserved here, which are of great significance to the study of Ming and Qing history and the arts of past dynasties. 81925年改名為故宮博物院，它是世界上最大的博物館之一。1961年被公布為全國重點(diǎn)文物保護(hù)單位。1987年為聯(lián)合國教科文組織列入“世界人類文化遺產(chǎn)”。 The imperial Palace changed its name to the Palace Museum in 1925 and

14、now is one of the largest historical museums in the world. It was listed as state-level historical site in 1961 and part of world cultural heritage by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization in 1987. 9新中國成立后人民政府撥巨款進(jìn)行保護(hù)和修繕，現(xiàn)已成為久負(fù)盛名的旅游景觀。Since the founding of the Peoples R

15、epublic of China, significant funds have been allocated for the protection and maintenance of the Imperial Palace, which remains the most famous sight in Beijing. 10太和殿、中和殿、保和殿是外朝的主體建筑。三座大殿建在工字形三層漢白玉石的高大臺(tái)基上，四周廊廡環(huán)繞，氣勢磅礴，為故宮中最壯觀的建筑群。 Taihedian (Hall of Supreme Harmony), Zhonghedian (Hall of Complete H

16、armony) and Baohedian (Hall of Preserving Harmony) are the major buildings in the Front Palace. They were erected on the I-shaped terraces made of three layers of white marble, each layer bounded by a low balustrade. These buildings, of an imposing appearance, are the most stately architectural comp

17、lex in the Imperial Palace. 11主殿太和殿俗稱金鑾殿，其規(guī)模、造型、裝飾和陳設(shè)均采用了顯示皇權(quán)至高無上的最高規(guī)格，也是中國現(xiàn)存最大的木構(gòu)殿宇。殿內(nèi)瀝粉金漆柱，蟠龍銜珠藻井，梁枋遍飾和璽彩畫，還有金漆雕龍寶座，富麗堂皇。 Taihedian, the main hall popularly known as Jinluandian (Hall of the Imperial Throne), boasts the best either in scale, design, decoration or furnishing, demonstrating in itsel

18、f the sublime authority of the emperor. It is the largest wooden hall extant in China today. Its pillars are painted with gold powder, its caisson ceiling is decorated with dragons holding pearls in their mouths, and its beams are covered with color pictures. But the most eye-catching in the hall is

19、 the throne which is covered with gold and carved with dragons. 12皇帝即位、誕辰以及出兵征伐等重大慶典和儀式在此舉行。中和殿是皇帝舉行大典前小憩或演習(xí)禮儀的地方。 Here emperors performed grand ceremonies and celebrated grand events such as ascending the throne, celebrating birthdays and issuing decrees of war. Zhonghedian was the room for taking

20、rests before ceremonies and the place for rehearsing rites. 13保和殿是皇帝冊(cè)封皇后、太子及宴請(qǐng)王公大臣的場所，清乾隆后期曾在此殿試。保和殿后有宮內(nèi)最大云龍雕石，總長16.75米，寬3.07米，重約250噸。 Baohedian was where emperors conferred titles and gave banquets. It was also used as a place for palace examination during Qing emperor Qianlongs reign. Behind Baohedian there is the largest Cloud-Dragon Stone Sculpture in the Imperial Palace, which is 16.75 meters long, 3.07 meters wide and weighs about