高中英語(yǔ)新高考-閱讀理解：從語(yǔ)篇解讀、題眼焦點(diǎn)和命題選項(xiàng)三個(gè)角度去備考高考閱讀

1、高中英語(yǔ)新高考-閱讀理解：從語(yǔ)篇解讀、題眼焦點(diǎn)和命題選項(xiàng)三個(gè)角度去備考高考閱讀 / 14高中英語(yǔ)新高考 -閱讀理解：從語(yǔ)篇解讀、題眼焦點(diǎn)和命題選項(xiàng)三個(gè)角度去備考高考閱讀在沖刺階段，我對(duì)閱讀理解的總的看法是：不能為了做題而做題，要學(xué)會(huì)從不同角度思考：命題人為什么選這篇材料（摸索材料的行文特點(diǎn)）、命題人為什么這樣挑選題眼（摸索閱讀的焦點(diǎn)信息在什么地方）、命題人如何設(shè)置正確選項(xiàng)和干擾項(xiàng)（命題人的設(shè)題思維）這就是命題人的角度。當(dāng)然，這種思考非常痛苦，因?yàn)橐竽闳ッ髅}人的命題的暗箱操作過(guò)程。下面我以C篇閱讀為例（原題見(jiàn)文末）：首先復(fù)習(xí)一下篇章段落之間的連貫的三種方式：第一種：首末句照應(yīng)第二種：主題句

2、關(guān)聯(lián)第三種：主題句串聯(lián)掌握著三種關(guān)系有助于我們快速把握語(yǔ)篇結(jié)構(gòu)和連貫方式，而命題的 焦點(diǎn)信息都在連貫處。需要說(shuō)明的是，任何一篇閱讀，不只是單純的 三種結(jié)構(gòu)的一種，往往是多種組合。1 A neW commodity brings about a highly profitable, fost-growing industryvdiging antitnist （反壟斷）regulators to srep in lo check those why 爐ntiol its ilow. A rentuiy ago, the re sc nice in question was oil similar

3、 concerns are being raised by the giants （巨頭）that deal m data, the oil of the digital age. The most valuable firms arc Google.設(shè)題點(diǎn)2 Such sitiijFfinsliave Led tocallmoi tKe tech giants to be broken up Bun size alone is not a crimTThe giants success has benefited coifenrriers. Few want to live without

4、search engines or a quick delivery. Far from charging consumers high prices, many of these sen icefi are fiee （users pay. in effect, by handing over yel more data）. And the appearance of new-born giants suggests that newcomers can make waves, too.解釋:第一段：now這個(gè)詞非常神奇，既可以表示對(duì)比，也可以類(lèi)比，還可以表示轉(zhuǎn)折，但突出的都是后面句子。因此

5、本段提出了文章中心：concern: giants deal in data.最后一句舉例說(shuō)明這種現(xiàn)象的必然性。段落展開(kāi)方法：對(duì)比法、舉例法。第二段：開(kāi)頭一個(gè)詞 such是承接上段段末信息。這就是對(duì)應(yīng)首末句的呼應(yīng)模式了?？梢钥隙ㄕf(shuō)，首句有代詞的地方都是首末句呼應(yīng)，通過(guò)辨析指代關(guān)系來(lái)設(shè)題是命題人常見(jiàn)的方式。但是，命題人不會(huì)直接問(wèn)such指什么。這里就是問(wèn)為什么出現(xiàn)calls?你要回答，就必須了解such situations指什么，就必須追溯到上段?？偨Y(jié)過(guò)程calls-suchsituations-Nowsimilarunstoppable.第二段的中心還在于but 后面的 size alone

6、 is not a crime 。接下來(lái)就是具體解釋原因。本段展開(kāi)方式屬于：原因解釋。這一段主要證明上段末句。我們雖然比較容易知道正確選項(xiàng)，但是還是有必要了解命題人如何設(shè)置干擾項(xiàng)。由于干擾項(xiàng)內(nèi)容在第三段，所以接下來(lái)看。1 Now siiiiilai(coiicemsbeing raised by the giants (巨that deal in data, the oil offlidigital age. -3 Buk is cause forCconcern) The internet lias made d4a a颯idant, all-present and far more val

7、uable, cbanginj the 觸re of data and competition. Google (itialljrsed tlieata collected from users to target advertising better (fiut recently it has discovered thatdata can be twji-eco2設(shè)題new services: Uanslation and | be sold to other companies.power SoInternet compsimPmitrol of data gives them enor

8、mous jSo)they have a Gods eye view” of activities in their own markets and beyond.采用對(duì)比法展開(kāi)，設(shè)題會(huì)圍繞雙方的不同，例如本即：Wbat does the technological innovation indicate?干擾項(xiàng)就原句陳述*對(duì)比雙方進(jìn)行張冠李戴、引誘式歪曲邏輯（販 賣(mài)數(shù)據(jù)給其它公司不等于停止免費(fèi)服務(wù)）They collect enormous private dataThey no longer provide free services解釋: 第三段第一句就是轉(zhuǎn)折，主要證明第一段的焦點(diǎn)信息。

9、現(xiàn)在你看明白了嗎？第一段說(shuō)到了兩個(gè)信息：人們的焦慮( concern),趨勢(shì)的不可 阻擋(unstoppable),而二、三段分別針對(duì)它們進(jìn)行解釋。第三段也是對(duì)比法，段中的but非常明顯，通過(guò) initially 和recently進(jìn)行對(duì)比，最后 so進(jìn)行總結(jié)。至于題眼基本都是圍繞對(duì)比方的不同。還有干擾項(xiàng)特點(diǎn)，請(qǐng)直接看圖中所說(shuō)。還有一點(diǎn)要說(shuō)明：出現(xiàn)專(zhuān)有名詞的地方，都會(huì)存在設(shè)題，譬如本段最后的Gods eye view 。因?yàn)樗鼤?huì)涉及到詞義理解，而詞義理解必須結(jié) 合上下文。通俗說(shuō)：如果進(jìn)行過(guò)去和現(xiàn)在對(duì)比，設(shè)題必然會(huì)問(wèn)現(xiàn)在會(huì)如何，和過(guò) 去有什么不同等，而干擾項(xiàng)會(huì)把現(xiàn)在和過(guò)去的特點(diǎn)進(jìn)行對(duì)調(diào)。當(dāng)然還

10、有更高級(jí)的干擾，那就是考驗(yàn)?zāi)愕倪壿嬎季S，例如文章中說(shuō)的是公司 可以用數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行交易，干擾項(xiàng)說(shuō)公司不再提供免費(fèi)服務(wù)。腦筋轉(zhuǎn)不過(guò) 來(lái)的考生就會(huì)上當(dāng)。.So they have a Gods eye view of activities in their own nickels and beyond.This nature of data makes the antitrust measures of the past less useful Breaking up firms like Google into five small ones would not stop remaking thems

11、elves: in time, one of them would become great again, A rethink is requiredand as a new approach starts to become apparent,【wq ideas stand out*/ 5 The Iks is that antitrust authorities need to move 、 ifrom the indurial age into (he 21st centuryi6 The second principle is to loosen the control that iJ

12、 providers of on- line sendees have over data and give more ； to those who supply themJ解釋?zhuān)旱谒亩我婚_(kāi)頭的 this nature ,又是一個(gè)指代關(guān)系，然后末句的twoideas提醒我們下文會(huì)分成兩點(diǎn)來(lái)闡述了。既然我知道下文講什么了，讀起來(lái)自然更有信心。采用對(duì)比法展開(kāi)，這里的焦點(diǎn)是：sizd 命題：By pacing attention to firms dm assets, antitrust regulators could.5 from con/ tradr noyage into the 21st

13、century. When ,（兼并=）,for example, they haveThe first is that antitrust authorities need to move 對(duì)比法展p _ 開(kāi) to determine when to step in. Theypeed to take into account tlie extent of firms? data assets （資產(chǎn)）when assessing the impact of deals. The purchase price could also be a signal that an establishe

14、d company is buying a new-born threat. When this takes place, especi/new-born company has no revenue to spe幺”就二匕&ulators should raise red flags.6 The second principle is to loosen the control that providers of on-line services have over data and give more to those who supply them. Companies could be

15、 forced to reveal to consumers what information they hold and how much money they make from it. Governments could order the shaimg of certain kinds of data, with users consent.What is the purpose of loosening the giants control of data?干擾項(xiàng)：C. Consumers could better protect their privacy.和原文 Companie

16、s could be forced to reveal to consumers what information沒(méi)邏 輯關(guān)系，屬于引誘式歪曲邏輯。解釋:需要對(duì)它們進(jìn)行辨第五段的三個(gè)路標(biāo)詞： for example, now, also認(rèn):forexample是舉例法展開(kāi)，對(duì)主題句的move的解釋。now是轉(zhuǎn)折，對(duì)例子里的今昔做法進(jìn)行對(duì)比，焦點(diǎn)是size oalso一詞說(shuō)明的例子帶來(lái)的另一個(gè)暗示。雖然題眼很多，但命題人最終選擇了now處，對(duì)焦點(diǎn)size進(jìn)行命題。第六段的展開(kāi)方式是通過(guò)舉例法來(lái)具體解釋?zhuān)瑢?duì)loosen control 進(jìn)行說(shuō)明。雖然沒(méi)有用for example ,但是 compa

17、nies 和 governments就是兩個(gè)例子，其中could情態(tài)動(dòng)詞也是暗不。這里的選項(xiàng)設(shè)置很是燒腦，邏輯思維不夠強(qiáng)大的考生將會(huì)非常吃力。譬如文章說(shuō)對(duì)信息提供方放松管制，避免大公司壟斷出現(xiàn)，然后推理出小公司會(huì)有更多機(jī)會(huì)。再說(shuō)干擾項(xiàng)，文章說(shuō)，公司要對(duì)用戶(hù)提供更多的使用信息，干擾項(xiàng)說(shuō)消費(fèi)者隱私會(huì)得到更好保護(hù)。二者實(shí)際上沒(méi)有邏輯鏈，但考生可能根據(jù)自己的常識(shí)上當(dāng)了。11 A new commodity brings about a highly profitable, fast-growing industry, urging antitrust （反壟斷）regulators to step i

18、n to check those wiio control its flow. A century ago. the resource in question was oil Now similar concerns are being raised by the giants （I上頭）that deal in data, the oil of the digital age. The most valuable firms are Google, Amazon, Facebook and Microsoft. All look unstoppable47 Restarting antitr

19、ust fbr the information age will not be easy But if governments dont want a data economy controlled by a few giants, they must act soon.現(xiàn)象Concerns: giants deal indata影響calls for the tech giants to be broken upWhy acall?原因But there is cause fo concernWhat is theconce rn?措施first; secondThepupose ?一_ _

20、一為了更加直觀(guān)研究本文結(jié)構(gòu)，有必要這樣標(biāo)注?？梢钥闯鰜?lái)命題焦點(diǎn) 基本都是段落中心句。即使對(duì)例子進(jìn)行設(shè)問(wèn)，例子也是圍繞中心句來(lái) 的。因此，無(wú)論如何要把握中心句，你選擇的答案也要符合中心句的信息。現(xiàn)象影響三一主題關(guān)聯(lián)原因措施中心串聯(lián)最后總結(jié)，本文屬于多種段落連貫的組合。附原文:1 A new commodity brings about a highly profitable, fast-growing industry, urging antitrust （ 反壟斷 ）regulators to step in to check those who control its flow. A cen

21、tury ago, the resource in question was oil. Now similar concernsare being raised by the giants （巨頭）that deal in data, the oil of the digital age.The most valuable firms are Google, Amazon, Facebook and Microsoft. All look unstoppable.Such situations have led to calls for the tech giants to be broken

22、 up. But sizealone is not a crime. The giants success has benefited consumers. Few wantto live without search engines or a quick delivery. Far from charging consumers high prices, many of these services are free (users pay, in effect, by handing over yet more data). And the appearance of new-born gi

23、ants suggests that newcomers can make waves, too.But there is cause for concern. The internet has made data abundant, all-present and far more valuable, changing the nature of data and competition. Google initially used the data collected from users to targetnew services: translationadvertising bett

24、er. But recently it has discovered that data can be turned intoand visual recognition, to be sold to other companies. Internet companies control of data gives them enormous power.So they have a God s eye view of activities in their own markets and beyond.This natureof data makes the antitrust measur

25、esof the past less useful.Breaking up firms like Google into five small ones would not stop remakingthemselves:in time, one of them would become great again. A rethink isrequired - and as a new approach starts to become apparent, two ideas stand out.The first is that antitrust authorities need to mo

26、ve from the industrial ageinto the 21st century. When considering a merger(兼并),for example, theyhave traditionally used size to determine when to step in. They now need totake into account the extent of firms data assets （ 資產(chǎn)）when assessing theimpact of deals. The purchase price could also be a sign

27、al that an establishedcompany is buying a new-borm threat. When this takes place, especially when a new-born company has no revenue to speak of, the regulators should raise red flags.The second principle is to loosen the control that providers of on -line services have over data and give more to those who supply them.Companies could be forced to reveal to consumers what information they hold and howmuch money they make from it. Governmentscould order the sharing ofcertain kinds of data, with usersconsent.Restarting antitrust for the information a