2023屆福建省三明市第二中學(xué)高三第一次模擬考試英語試卷含解析

1、2023屆高考英語模擬試卷注意事項1考試結(jié)束后，請將本試卷和答題卡一并交回2答題前，請務(wù)必將自己的姓名、準(zhǔn)考證號用05毫米黑色墨水的簽字筆填寫在試卷及答題卡的規(guī)定位置3請認(rèn)真核對監(jiān)考員在答題卡上所粘貼的條形碼上的姓名、準(zhǔn)考證號與本人是否相符4作答選擇題，必須用2B鉛筆將答題卡上對應(yīng)選項的方框涂滿、涂黑；如需改動，請用橡皮擦干凈后，再選涂其他答案作答非選擇題，必須用05毫米黑色墨水的簽字筆在答題卡上的指定位置作答，在其他位置作答一律無效5如需作圖，須用2B鉛筆繪、寫清楚，線條、符號等須加黑、加粗第一部分 （共20小題，每小題1.5分，滿分30分）1The party last month rea

2、lly gave me a lot of fun. So can we have this month,Mr.James?AanyBoneCanotherDthe other2Toms score on the test is the highest in the class. He _.Ashould study last nightBshould have studied last nightCmust have studied last nightDmust study last night3Jack has been out of consciousness since the acc

3、ident.Will he come to himself，doctor?Its going to be tough but we anticipate that he will .Aput through Bpull throughCput over Dpull over4-How did she lose so much weight as expected？-_ eating less，she jogged for several miles every day.AIn addition toBIn spite ofCInstead ofDThanks to5If we forgave

4、criminals, we might become a society of endless excuses _ no one accepts responsibility for anythingAwhichBwhereCwhenDas6People from all walks of life are eager for success, _ lack of confidence, however, is a great barrier.AwhereBwhichCto whichDbeyond which7The problem lies in_ were now giving him

5、a fish, not teaching him how to fish.AwhatBthatCwhichDif8Enter our prize _and win a break in a National Trust holiday cottage of your choice anywhere in the country.AdrawBsearchCmatchDcollection9The new secretary is and therefore the manager is satisfied with her work.AeffectiveBefficientCspecificDs

6、ufficient10The art historians tried to figure out how the temple _ when built around 15 BCAmight lookBmight have lookedCmust lookDmust have looked11Thatsfarmore thanthenumberthathaveactually_in recent years.Acometolight Bcome to life Ccome across12Why do you turn to me for help _ you can easily work

7、 out the problem independently?Auntil BwhenCafter Dunless13Whether something is alive or dead is a crucial _ and it is one that children have no difficulty understanding by the age of five.AdeclarationBdistinctionCdivisionDdistribution14_she is not so healthy _she used to be? AWhy is it that; what B

8、Why it is that; that CWhy is it that; as DWhy it is that; who15 Anything to drink? What about coffee? Er I think Ill have a cold drink coffee.Aother thanBmore thanCless thanDrather than16I ve heard that preparations_for the coming festival. Lets give them a hand.Aare being madeBhave been madeCare ma

9、kingDhave made17You ought to have made an apology to Tom yesterday eveningYes, I know I _ _Aought to haveBhave toCshouldDmust have18Two professors at Harvard University published a study of 3,300 new graduates, looking at _ their names had any bearing on their academic performance.AthatBhowCwhyDwhet

10、her19When they first came to the city, my parents often went to neighbors for a talk, just as they _ in the countryside.Awill doBhad doneChave doneDwere doing20You didnt let me drive. If we _ by turns, you _ so tired.Adrove; didnt getBdrove; wouldnt getCwere driving; wouldnt getDhad driven; wouldnt

11、have got第二部分 閱讀理解（滿分40分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出最佳選項。21（6分） If it werent for the mentor（導(dǎo)師）， Rebecca Cruz is certain that she wouldnt have gotten her bachelors degreeMs Cruz went through a troubling time during her second year in community college She didnt feel much support at home Struggling o

12、n the edge of stopping her education， Cruz turned to her mentor， Alex Lopez He put me in the right direction， Cruz recallsGisela Bushey is another woman who understands the importance of mentors， and she hopes to find an Alex for every Rebecca So she designed Critical Bridge， which provides them wit

13、h mentorshipAnd in October， Critical Bridge was named a recipient of the 50，000 Encore Prize， which is awarded by Encoreorg， a partner organization that aims to use the talents of those aged 50 or olderAs part of the prize， Encoreorg will provide mentors for Critical Bridge The mentors will work wit

14、h youths throughout their participation in the two programs connected to Critical BridgeMore than 10，000 people in the United States are retiring every day， according to Phyllis Moen， a sociology professor Many of these Americans have expressed a desire to give back to their communitiesThey want to

15、do something meaningful And theres nothing more meaningful than mentoring across generations， Professor Moen saysDima Khoury has mentored young people throughout her career She sees mentorship as a personal relationshipTake the time to get to know each other， Ms Khoury says If you take the time to b

16、uild trust at the beginning， it will be much easier to build a healthy relationship after that， and more beneficial Speaking from experience， she says mentors might not always have the answers， but being a listener is just as importantI think what helps is something asking the right question and let

17、ting them think about it， she says It benefits critical thinkingCruz， now a San Francisco State graduate， has become a mentor tooSometimes we are in a condition where we dont have people to go to； you might not make it out from that same cycle without the help of any human guide， she saysBut by prov

18、iding mentorship and resources， Cruz hopes that if such a time comes， students will make the decision to push forward as opposed to giving up1、What can be known about Rebecca Cruz？AShe was strongly supported by her familyBShe failed to get her bachelors degreeCShe gave up her college educationDShe w

19、as helped by her mentor2、What do we know about Critical Bridge？AIt offers students mentorshipBIt gives mentors prizes yearlyCIt was founded by Alex LopezDIt is a talent search organization3、What does Dima Khoury think of mentorship？AIt requires rich experienceBIt takes a long time to buildCIt is the

20、 best job chance for retired peopleDIt involves a good understanding between people4、What is Rebecca Cruzs future wish？ATo provide students with supportBTo guide students through their studyCTo build a healthy relationship with othersDTo get advanced training in mentorship skills22（8分） The arm bones

21、 of women who lived 7,000 years ago show a surprising level of strength-even higher than todays professional athletes. Thats according to a first-ever study comparing prehistoric(史前的) bones to those of living people. The finding suggests a revision of history- the everyday lives of prehistoric women

22、 were filled with hard labor, rather than just sitting at home doing lighter tasks while the men struggled and fought for life.“Before the study, there are no clear records describing how our ancient ancestors lived. It can be easy to forget that bone is a living tissue, one that responds to the dif

23、ficulties we put our bodies through,” said lead author Alison Macintosh. “Physical force and muscle activity both put pressure on the bone. The bone reacts by changing in shape, thickness and other aspects over time.”Previous studies only compared female bones to contemporary male bones, the researc

24、hers said-and thats a problem, because the response of male bones to stress and change is much bigger than that of women. For instance, as humans moved from a hunter-gatherer lifestyle constantly on the move to a more settled agrarian(農(nóng)耕的) one, changes can be observed in the structure of the shinbon

25、e(脛骨)- and these changes were much more evident in men.However, a comparison of the bones of prehistoric women to the bones of living female athletes can help us work out a more accurate picture of what those prehistoric women were doing. By analyzing the bones of living people and comparing them to

26、 the ancient bones, we can start to explain the kinds of labor our ancestors were reforming, Macintosh said. What they found was that womens leg strength hasnt changed a great deal, but their arms used to be very powerful. Prehistoric women, the researchers found, had arm strength 11-16 percent stro

27、nger than those of modern rowers(槳手), and 30 percent stronger than those of non-athletes.1、What does the study tell about prehistoric women?AThey were stronger than men.BThey had lighter bones than men.CThey did tough tasks as the men.DThey spent most time staying at home.2、What problem did previous

28、 studies on prehistoric bones have?AThey lacked enough comparison.BThey only studied men s bones.CThey focused little on bones.DThey ignored the lifestyles.3、What does the underlined word that in Paragraph 3 refer to?ABones structure.BBones thickness.CBones response to stress.DBones stress from hard

29、 labor.4、What can we learn from the last paragraph?AIts still hard to explain our ancestors lifestyle.BPrehistoric women went through much suffering.CWomens arms have become much stronger over time.DPrehistoric women are stronger than contemporary females.23（8分）A pretty face is never forgotten. Do y

30、ou believe so? But maybe it is untrue! Psychologists believe beautiful people are less likely to be recognized. A new study suggests that attractiveness can actually prevent the recognition of faces, unless a pretty face has particularly distinctive features, such as Angelina Jolies.German psycholog

31、ists think the recognition of pretty faces is distorted (扭曲) by emotions. Researchers Holger Wiese, Carolin Altmann and Stefan Schweinberger at the University of Jena, Germany, discovered in a study that photos of unattractive people were more easily remembered than pretty ones when they showed them

32、 to a group of people.For the study, which was published in science magazine Neuropsychologia, the psychologists showed photos of faces to test subjects. Half of the faces were considered to be more attractive and the other half as less attractive, but all of them were being thought of as similarly

33、distinctive looking. The test subjects were shown the faces for just a few seconds to memorize them and were shown them again during the test so that they could decide if they recognized them or not.The researchers were surprised by the result. “Until now we assumed that it was generally easier to m

34、emorize faces which are being considered as attractive, just because we prefer looking at beautiful faces,” Dr. Wiese said. But the study showed that such a connection cannot be easily proven. He assumes that remembering pretty faces is distorted by emotional influences, which enhance the sense of r

35、ecognition at a later time. The researchers idea is backed up by evidence from EEG-recordings (腦電圖記錄) they used during their experiment which show the brains electric activity.The study also revealed that in the case of attractive faces, considerably more false positive results were detected. In oth

36、er words, people thought they recognized a face without having seen it before. “We obviously tend to believe that we recognize a face just because we find it attractive.” Dr. Wiese said.1、What do we know about the photos from Paragraph 3?AThey were all of pretty faces.BThey were selected at random.C

37、They were not distinctive at all.DThey were showed twice to the test subjects.2、What does the underlined phrase “false positive results” in the last paragraph mean?APeople actually only recognize few pretty faces.BPeople recognize more ugly faces than pretty ones.CPeople claim to recognize a face th

38、ey have never seen.DPeople recognize fewer faces than they have thought.3、What can be inferred from the new study?APeople are reluctant to recognize ugly faces.BBeautiful people are particularly distinctive.CAttractiveness prevents the recognition of faces.DAttractive faces are always easy to be rec

39、ognized.4、Which word can show the authors attitude towards the findings of the research?ADoubtful. BDisapproving.CFavorable. DObjective.24（8分） The word OK is the most frequently spoken all-purpose expression on the planetand its turning 176 years old on March 23,2015.The term was born during a 19th-

40、century abbreviation（縮寫）craze and went on to international fame with its own hand gesture.Last year,Henry Nass,a 64-year-old retired English teacher,a New Yorker had spent the last few weeks handing out cards championing Global OK Day in advance of the coming anniversary.No matter where people are f

41、rom they use the word OK,but they dont know where it comes from,says Nass. The problem is because its just,you know,OK.The word is OK,perhaps,but its history is definitely better than average.Late etymologist Allen Walker Read traced the two-letter word to 1839,when editors at the Boston Morning Pos

42、t signed off on articles as “all correct” with a simple word OK.The word made it into print on March 23 of that year,during an article against a rival editor in Providence who had stated wrongly that a band of Bostonians heading to New York would pass through the Rhode Island capital.We said not a w

43、ord about our team passing through the city of Providence,the Morning Post reported.O.K.all correct.The humor of the Providence-Boston joke has been lost to historybut the word OK took off from there,soon connoting（隱含）agreement,acceptance,averageness,quality or likability.By 1840,it served as a slog

44、an for President Martin Van Burens unsuccessful reelection campaign.Old Kinderhook is OK,posters stated,a reference to the eighth presidents birthplace and his supporters belief in his satisfactory performance.1、Why did Henry Nass hand out cards?ATo let people understand the history of the word OK.B

45、To call on people to use the word OK properly.CTo appeal to people to celebrate OK Day.DTo attract peoples attention.2、What does the author want to convey in Paragraph 4?AThe history of the word OK is known to average people.BThe history of the word OK is unfamiliar to people.CPeople frequently use

46、the word OK in history.DPeople are fond of the word OK in history.3、What does the underlined phrase took off in Paragraph 7 probably mean?AGot offBSet upCMoved offDBecome popular4、We can learn from the text that Kinderhook is of the eighth American president.Athe nameBthe birthplaceCthe policyDthe b

47、elief25（10分）Scientists have long known that herbivores (食草動物) affect the plant diversity around them. In highly productive ecosystems, like jungles, animals would favor dominant, fast-growing plants. This would free up nutrients and space, allowing for a greater variety of plants to boom. In contras

48、t, herbivores in regions with low plant biomass, like deserts, would eat whatever they could find, only driving down plant diversity.Now, a team of scientists has tested this hypothesis(假說). Burkepile, a biology professor in UC Santa Barbara, and his colleagues reviewed 252 studies comparing plant d

49、iversity in areas where herbivores were and were not excluded.Their study revealed that whether herbivores increase or decrease plant diversity depends on whats on the menu. In general, the correlation (相關(guān)性) between herbivory and diversity wasnt nearly as clear as everyone had expected. However, the

50、 team noticed a much stronger association: when the ecosystem hosted a particularly vigorous species of plant, herbivory seemed to be crucial in maintaining biodiversity.For instance, grasslands in the tallgrass prairie in the American Midwest tend to be dominated (控制) by fast-growing grasses, such

51、as big bluestem. The team discovered that herbivores had an outsized effect on maintaining biodiversity by keeping big bluestem from taking over dozens of smaller, slower growing plant species. However not all herbivores are on an equal foot. The team found that the connection between herbivory and

52、diversity was particularly strong in grasslands where more animals feed on grass than on herbs and bushes. This seems reasonable, since grasses tend to be the dominant species in grasslands, as the name suggests.These findings are more than academic. “Weve seen three decades of really important pape

53、rs saying that ecosystems work better when you have more species in them,” Burkepile said. “What our data suggests is that herbivores are especially important for maintaining this biodiversity in places where you have a really dominant plant species.” As biodiversity continues to decline worldwide,

54、conservationists are looking for ways to prevent catastrophic losses. “This suggests that one possible approach to managing ecosystems and biodiversity is to use herbivores to manage these dominant species,” Burkepile added.1、According to Paragraph 1, how do herbivores help to increase biodiversity?

55、ABy consuming dominant, fast-growing plants.BBy destroying jungles and freeing up space.CBy adding more nutrients to the soil.DBy eating up low plant biomass.2、The underlined part in Paragraph 3 most probably implies that _.Aherbivory has nothing to do with biodiversity in a given ecosystemBherbivor

56、es decrease biodiversity in tallgrass-dominated ecosystemsCsmall animals help to protect biodiversity in grasslands without bushesDthe degree to which herbivores affect biodiversity is related to plant species3、What is the author trying to tell us in the last paragraph?AThe limitations of the new st

57、udy.BThe potential application of the new study.CThe contradiction between the past view and the new findings.DThe importance of maintaining ecosystems and biodiversity.第三部分 語言知識運用（共兩節(jié)）第一節(jié)（每小題1.5分，滿分30分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項26（30分）An old woman was sitting outside an ice-cream s

58、hop with dirty clothes and rough hair.She 1 and walked,but it seemed quite 2 ,her legs shivering（顫抖）and her eyes showing deep sorrow of being left alone and homeless.I didnt 3 an ice cream,so I was outside the shop, 4 her,while my family went in.Her legs were weak.I saw her difficulties and came up

59、to her with 10 dollars in my 5 and handed it over to her.She was so 6 and started blessing me instantly.I wanted to talk with her as that seemed very important 7 .I asked her about her 8 .She said there was no one,and that all died one by one,with tears in her eyes.Where does she live?I 9 .The respo

60、nse was quite 10 .I noticed her “l(fā)uggage”,two plastic bags,containing her 11 .At this point,I gave her my 12 ,thin stole（披肩）.It was bright yellow and looked new.But she was not ready to accept 13 .She was worried about my feeling cold for few minutes before I got home. She finally 14 the stole and c