2023版高三英語主題語境復習方案新教案：第1部分 主題群1 子主題7　語言學習的規(guī)律、方法等

1、 子主題(七)語言學習的規(guī)律、方法等閱讀理解A(2019全國卷B)For Canaan Elementarys second grade in Patchogue，N.Y.，today is speech day，and right now its Chris Palaezs turn. The 8yearold is the joker of the class. With shining dark eyes，he seems like the kind of kid who would enjoy public speaking.But hes nervous.“Im here to te

2、ll you today why you should.should.”Chris trips on the “l(fā)d，”a pronunciation difficulty for many nonnative English speakers. His teacher，Thomas Whaley，is next to him，whispering support.“.Vote for.me.”Except for some stumbles，Chris is doing amazingly well. When he brings his speech to a nice conclusio

3、n，Whaley invites the rest of the class to praise him.A son of immigrants，Chris started learning English a little over three years ago. Whaley recalls how at the beginning of the year，when called upon to read，Chris would excuse himself to go to the bathroom.Learning English as a second language can b

4、e a painful experience. What you need is a great teacher who lets you make mistakes.“It takes a lot for any student，”Whaley explains，“especially for a student who is learning English as their new language，to feel confident enough to say，I dont know，but I want to know.”Whaley got the idea of this sec

5、ondgrade presidential campaign project when he asked the children one day to raise their hands if they thought they could never be a president. The answer broke his heart. Whaley says the project is about more than just learning to read and speak in public. He wants these kids to learn to boast abou

6、t themselves.“Boasting about yourself，and your best qualities，”Whaley says，“is very difficult for a child who came into the classroom not feeling confident.”【語篇解讀】本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述了小學教師Whaley通過組織學生演講來幫助學生增強自信的教學實踐。1What made Chris nervous?ATelling a story.BMaking a speech.CTaking a test.DAnswering a que

7、stion.B細節(jié)理解題。根據題干中的關鍵詞nervous可定位到第二段第一句，然后應到前文中找使他緊張的因素。根據第一段中的“.today is speech day，and right now its Chris Palaezs turn.”和“.he seems like the kind of kid who would enjoy public speaking.”可知，今天是演講日，現(xiàn)在輪到了Chris，雖然他看起來像那種喜歡在公共場合講話的孩子，但是他很緊張。由此可知，演講使Chris緊張。2What does the underlined word“stumbles” in P

8、aragraph 2 refer to?AImproper pauses.BBad manners.CSpelling mistakes.DSilly jokes.A詞義猜測題。根據第二段中的“you should.should.”以及“.Vote for.me.”這樣的語句特點可知，Chris的演講不流暢，也就是說有不適當?shù)耐ｎD。這是他表現(xiàn)不好的地方，與畫線詞后的句意“他完成得非常好”構成轉折關系，與短語except for的語意相呼應。3We can infer that the purpose of Whaleys project is to _Ahelp students see th

9、eir own strengthsBassess students public speaking skillsCprepare students for their future jobsDinspire students love for politicsA推理判斷題。根據倒數(shù)第二段中的“Whaley says the project is about more than just learning to read and speak in public.He wants these kids to learn to boast about themselves.”可知，Whaley創(chuàng)辦這

10、個項目的目的不僅僅是讓學生學會閱讀和在公共場合演講，他還希望學生學會自夸。A項意為“幫助學生看到自己的長處”，與原文意思相符。4Which of the following best describes Whaley as a teacher?AHumorous.BAmbitious.CCaring.DDemanding.C推理判斷題。文章介紹了Whaley老師通過創(chuàng)辦“總統(tǒng)競選項目”，組織學生演講來幫助學生增強自信。根據第二段中的“His teacher，Thomas Whaley，is next to him，whispering support.”和“.Whaley invites th

11、e rest of the class to praise him.”等細節(jié)也可看出Whaley老師是一個關心學生的老師。B(2018全國卷C)Languages have been coming and going for thousands of years，but in recent times there has been less coming and a lot more going.When the world was still populated by huntergatherers，small，tightly knit(聯(lián)系) groups developed their

12、own patterns of speech independent of each other.Some language experts believe that 10，000 years ago，when the world had just five to ten million people，they spoke perhaps 12，000 languages between them.Soon afterwards，many of those people started settling down to become farmers，and their languages to

13、o became more settled and fewer in number. In recent centuries，trade，industrialisation，the development of the nationstate and the spread of universal compulsory education，especially globalisation and better communications in the past few decades，all have caused many languages to disappear，and domina

14、nt languages such as English，Spanish and Chinese are increasingly taking over.At present，the world has about 6，800 languages.The distribution of these languages is hugely uneven. The general rule is that mild zones have relatively few languages，often spoken by many people，while hot，wet zones have lo

15、ts，often spoken by small numbers. Europe has only around 200 languages；the Americas about 1，000；Africa 2，400；and Asia and the Pacific perhaps 3，200，of which Papua New Guinea alone accounts for well over 800.The median number(中位數(shù)) of speakers is a mere 6，000，which means that half the worlds languages

16、 are spoken by fewer people than that.Already well over 400 of the total of 6，800 languages are close to extinction(消亡)，with only a few elderly speakers left. Pick，at random，Busuu in Cameroon(eight remaining speakers)，Chiapaneco in Mexico(150)，Lipan Apache in the United States(two or three) or Wadji

17、gu in Australia(one，with a questionmark)：none of these seems to have much chance of survival.【語篇解讀】本文是一篇文明文，主要介紹了全球語言多樣性的發(fā)展變化以及現(xiàn)在所面臨的危機。5What can we infer about languages in huntergatherer times?AThey developed very fast.BThey were large in number.CThey had similar patterns.DThey were closely connec

18、ted.B推理判斷題。根據第一段的最后一句“Some language experts believe that 10，000 years ago，when the world had just five to ten million people，they spoke perhaps 12，000 languages between them.”可知，在狩獵時代，人口少，語言卻很豐富，故選B。6Which of the following best explains“dominant” underlined in Paragraph 2?AComplex.BAdvanced.CPowerfu

19、l.DModern.C詞義猜測題。根據第二段最后一句“In recent centuries.all have caused many languages to disappear，and dominant languages such as English，Spanish and Chinese are increasingly taking over.”可知，近幾個世紀以來，隨著社會的發(fā)展，很多語言已經消失，英語、西班牙語、漢語逐漸占據主導地位。complex“復雜的”；advanced“高級的，先進的”；powerful“有影響力的”；modern“現(xiàn)代的”。故選C。7How many

20、languages are spoken by less than 6，000 people at present?AAbout 6，800.BAbout 3，400.CAbout 2，400.DAbout 1，200.B數(shù)字計算題。根據第三段最后一句“The median number(中位數(shù)) of speakers is a mere 6，000，which means that half the worlds languages are spoken by fewer people than that.”可知，目前全球不同語言使用人數(shù)的中位數(shù)僅是6 000，這就意味著世界上有一半的語言

21、的使用人數(shù)不到6 000；結合第三段第一句“At present，the world has about 6，800 languages.”可知，選B。8What is the main idea of the text?ANew languages will be created.BPeoples lifestyles are reflected in languages.CHuman development results in fewer languages.DGeography determines language evolution.C主旨大意題。根據第一段第一句中的“but in

22、 recent times there has been less coming and a lot more going”和第二段可知，隨著人類社會的發(fā)展，尤其是工業(yè)化、全球化以來，很多語言已經消失，即人類的發(fā)展使得語言的種類越來越少。故選C。完形填空(2017全國卷)While high school does not generally encourage students to explore new aspects of life，college sets the stage for that exploration. I myself went through this 1 pro

23、cess and found something that has changed my 2 at college for the better：I discovered ASLAmerican Sign Language(美式手語)I never felt an urge to 3 any sign language before.My entire family is hearing，and so are all my friends.The 4 languages were enough in all my interactions(交往)Little did I know that I

24、 would discover my 5 for ASL.The 6 began during my first week at college.I watched as the ASL Club 7 their translation of a song.Both the hand movements and the very 8 of communicating without speaking 9 me.What I saw was completely unlike anything I had experienced in the 10. This newness just left

25、 me 11 more.After that，feeling the need to 12 further，I decided to drop in on one of ASL clubs meetings.I only learned how to 13 the alphabet that day.Yet instead of being discouraged by my 14 progress，I was excited.I then made it a point to 15 those meetings and learn all I could.The following term

26、，I 16 an ASL class.The professor was deaf and any talking was 17 I soon realized that the silence was not unpleasant. 18，if there had been any talking，it would have 19 us to learn less. Now，I appreciate the silence and the 20 way of communication it opens.【語篇解讀】本文是一篇記敘文。文章圍繞著人與自我的主題，講述了作為正常人的作者開始認識并

27、喜歡上美式手語的故事。1AsearchingBplanningCnaturalDformalA由上文中的“explore new aspects of life”可知，所填詞與explore(探索)在詞義上相近，故選searching(尋找)。2AprogressBexperienceCmajorDopinionB根據語境可知，此處指作者發(fā)現(xiàn)了朝更好的方向改變自己大學經歷(experience)的東西。另外，第三段中的“I had experienced”也給出了提示。3AchooseBreadClearnDcreateC后面一句提到作者的全家人及他所有的朋友都有聽覺，因此他之前從沒有想學(l

28、earn)手語的強烈愿望。另外，第四段中的“I only learned how to”也給出了提示。4AofficialBforeignCbodyDspokenD既然作者和家人及朋友都有聽覺，那么在作者與別人的所有交往中口語(spoken languages)已經足夠了。故選D。5AloveBconcernCgoalDrequestA由下文的內容尤其是最后一段中的“Now，I appreciate the silence.”可知，作者后來愛上了美式手語，但是剛開始的時候作者沒有發(fā)現(xiàn)自己對它的熱愛(love)。6AmeetingBtripCstoryDtaskC由空格后面的內容可知，作者開始講

29、事情的經過了，故選story(故事)。7ArecordedBperformedCrecitedDdiscussedB由空格前的watched(觀看)和后面的the hand movements(手部的動作)以及what I saw(我所看見的)可知，作者是在觀看美式手語俱樂部的成員表演(perform)他們對一首歌的詮釋。8AideaBamountCdreamDreasonA根據語境可知，這里指的是無語言交流的想法(idea)。idea與前面的the hand movements并列。9AdisturbedBsupportedCembarrassedDattractedD下文提到作者參加了美式

30、手語俱樂部的一次會議并在下一學期參加了美式手語學習班的課程，由此可以看出，這種手部的動作以及無語言交流的想法把作者給吸引(attract)住了。10AendBpastCcourseDdistanceB根據I had experienced用的時態(tài)可知，它指的是作者過去的經歷，故選past。in the past過去，是固定搭配。11AshowingBactingCsayingDwantingD由下文中的further以及最后一段中提到作者參加了美式手語學習班的課程可知，這種新穎讓作者想要(want)了解更多。12AexerciseBexploreCexpressDexplainB由第一段第一句

31、中的explore可知，此處應填explore，指作者感受到了進一步探索的必要。13AprintBwriteCsignDcountC因為作者是在學習美式手語(American Sign Language)，所以他就得學會如何打手勢。這里是說那天作者只學會了如何用手勢表示(sign)字母表中的字母。14AslowBsteadyCnormalDobviousA由前面的being discouraged by(對感到失望)可知，此處是說作者的進步緩慢(slow)。15AchairBsponsorCattendDorganizeC雖然作者在學美式手語方面進步緩慢，但他還是感到很興奮，因此他把出席那些會

32、議并盡最大可能多學看作重要的事情。attend a meeting出席會議，是固定搭配。另外，本段第一句中的“drop in on one of ASL clubs meetings”也給出了提示。16AmissedBpassedCgave upDregistered forD后面講的是課堂上的事情，由此可以推斷出接下來的那個學期，作者參加了美式手語學習班的課程。register for注冊，登記，是固定搭配，且符合此處的語境。17AprohibitedBwelcomedCignoredDrepeatedA由空格前面的“the professor was deaf”可知，在課堂上是禁止(pro

33、hibit)說話的。18ALastlyBThusCInsteadDHoweverC由后面主從句謂語動詞的結構可知，此處用的是虛擬語氣，也就是說所填詞表示的是一種相反情況的假設，故應選instead(相反)。19ArequiredBcausedCallowedDexpectedB相反，如果有任何交談的話，那會導致學生們學到的更少。cause sb.to do sth.導致某人做某事，是固定搭配，且符合此處的語境。20AeasyBpopularCquickDnewD由第三段最后一句中的this newness可知，對作者來說，這是一種新的(new)交流方法，而不是容易的(easy)、流行的(pop

34、ular)或迅速的(quick)方法。1joker n. 愛開玩笑的人2whisper n&v.耳語；暗示；私下說3vote n&v. 投票，選舉；選票；得票數(shù)；提議4immigrant n移民5excuse v. 請求準許離開；找借口；為找借口6boast v自夸；夸口說7pause v. 暫停，停頓，中止；躊躇n. 暫停；間歇8tightly adv. 緊緊地；堅固地9industrialisation n. 工業(yè)化10distribution n. 分布；分配；供應11uneven adj. 不均勻的；不平坦的；數(shù) 奇數(shù)的12aspect n. 方面13urge n. 強烈的欲望，迫切要

35、求；推動力vt. 力勸，催促；驅策，推進14prohibit v. 阻止；禁止1conclusion n. 結論；推論2confident adj. 自信的3spread vi.(過去式spread，過去分詞spread)張開4course n. 科目；課程；過程；進程；道路；路線，航向；一道菜5movement n. (身體部位的)運動，轉動，活動6discouraged adj. 灰心的；喪氣的7appreciate v. 欣賞；感激1except prep. 除之外 exception n. 例外2explain vt.解釋；說明explanation n解釋；講解；說明 3proper

36、 adj.適當?shù)?improper adj. 不正確的；不適當?shù)膒roperly adv. 適當?shù)?；正確地4depend v依靠；取決于dependent adj.依賴的dependence n依賴，依靠independence n獨立independent adj.獨立的；單獨的5survive v幸存survival n幸存survivor n幸存者6amaze vt.使吃驚amazed adj.吃驚的；驚訝的amazing adj.令人吃驚的；令人驚訝的amazement n吃驚7explore vt.&vi.探索；探測；探究 explorer n探險家；勘探者 exploration

37、n探索8attract vt.吸引；引起注意 attraction n吸引；吸引力 attractive adj.有吸引力的1 settle down 安定下來；定居2account for 數(shù)量上占3go through 經歷；經受；完成；仔細檢查4drop in on 順便拜訪5 register for 注冊；登記即時演練單句語法填空1She became even more nervous(nervous) as the interview continued.2She spread (spread) her arms and the child ran towards her.3It

38、s total land area is 16，808 square kilometers, among which the mountain areas account for 52%.4If he couldnt find his way out of the forest, there would be little chance of survival(survive)5Mike is a student at Howard University, majoring in physics for a degree in Natural Science.6He struggled to

39、explain (explain)what he heard in his head.7Id appreciate your writing(write) me back as soon as possible.8In conclusion, we should like to thank all those who have worked so hard to bring about this result.9Of course, we may build good eating habits depending (depend)on the knowledge we get from th

40、e newspapers or magazines.熟詞生義(寫出句中黑體詞的漢語意思)1Chris trips on the “l(fā)d，” a pronunciation difficulty for many nonnative English speakers. 絆倒2When the world was still populated by huntergatherers，small，tightly knit(聯(lián)系) groups developed their own patterns of speech independent of each other. 居住于；構成的人口.似易實

41、難(將句中黑體詞部分譯成漢語)1Europe has only around 200 languages；the Americas about 1，000；Africa 2，400；and Asia and the Pacific perhaps 3，200，of which Papua New Guinea alone accounts for well over 800.譯文歐洲只有大約200種語言；美洲約有1 000種；非洲有2 400種；亞洲和太平洋地區(qū)可能有3 200種，其中僅巴布亞新幾內亞就有遠遠超過800種。2Instead, if there had been any talk

42、ing, it would have caused us to learn less.譯文相反，如果當時有口語交流，將會造成我們所學的手語更少。.復雜晦澀(分析句子結構并譯成漢語)1Whaley recalls how at the beginning of the year，when called upon to read，Chris would excuse himself to go to the bathroom.分析本句為主從復合句。when引導的時間狀語從句中省略了主語Chris和be動詞was，該從句的完整結構為when Chris was called upon to read

43、；動詞excuse意為“請求準許離開”。譯文威利回憶起年初時的情景，當克利斯被要求朗讀時，他總是借口去洗手間。2Whaley got the idea of this secondgrade presidential campaign project when he asked the children one day to raise their hands if they thought they could never be a president.分析本句是主從復合句。when引導時間狀語從句，if引導條件狀語從句。譯文某一天，威利告訴孩子們如果他們認為自己永遠不可能當上總統(tǒng)的話就舉起

44、手來，這事讓他萌生了在二年級舉辦總統(tǒng)競選活動的想法。3The general rule is that mild zones have relatively few languages，often spoken by many people，while hot，wet zones have lots，often spoken by small numbers.分析本句是主從復合句。主語是The general rule，is是系動詞，that引導表語從句。在表語從句中，while是連詞，表示前后對比。譯文一般的規(guī)律是，溫和地區(qū)的語言種類相對較少，通常有許多人會說；而炎熱、潮濕地區(qū)則有很多種語言

45、，通常只有少數(shù)人說。4What I saw was completely unlike anything I had experienced in the past.分析What在句中引導主語從句。此外，I had experienced in the past為省略that的定語從句，修飾先行詞anything。譯文我所看到的與我過去所經歷的完全不同。1amazingly adv.令人吃驚地；令人驚訝地(1)amazing adj.令人吃驚的；令人驚訝的It is amazing that .令人驚訝的是(2)amaze vt.使吃驚；使驚訝It amazes sb.that .What a

46、mazes sb.is that .使某人驚訝的是(3)amazed adj.吃驚的；驚訝的be amazed at/by .對感到驚訝be amazed to do sth.因做某事感到驚訝(4)amazement n吃驚；驚訝to ones amazement 令某人驚訝的是in amazement 驚愕地the most amazing adventure of my life 我人生中最奇妙的探險look at him in amazement驚愕地看著他be amazed at the scenery and surroundings there 對那里的風景和環(huán)境感到驚訝名師點津a

47、mazing意為“令人吃驚的”，強調某人/某事給他人的感受；amazed意為“(感到)吃驚的”，表示本身的感受，并不強調對他人的影響。基礎練習單句語法填空It was amazing(amaze) that the boy was able to solve the problem so quickly.From his amazed(amaze) looks I know he hadnt expect my early arrival.One was that I was amazed(amaze) at the fact that a sick person could feel muc

48、h better after seeing a doctor.能力提升一句多譯令我驚訝的是，他把這首詩完整地背了出來。It amazed me that he was able to recite the whole poem from memory.(形式主語)What amazed me was that he was able to recite the whole poem from memory.(主語從句)To my amazement，he was able to recite the whole poem from memory.(amazement)2settle v(使)定

49、居；停留；解決；(使)平靜(1)settle down (使)平靜下來；(使)穩(wěn)定；定居下來settle down to (doing) sth.專心(做)某事(2)settlement n安頓；定居點；解決；協(xié)議settler n移民；殖民者一詞多義寫出下列句中settle的含義People settle in these places because they are easy to get to and naturally suited to communications and trade.定居It was a rainy morning and the children, mainl

50、y boys with various learning difficulties, refused to settle for the start of the lesson.平靜It is only by listening to and understanding each other that problems between parents and children can be settled.解決settle down to your work 專心于你的工作settle down in the country and start a new life 在鄉(xiāng)下定居，開始了新的生活

51、establish a settlement there 在那里建立了定居點基礎練習單句語法填空Mr. and Mrs. Brown would like to see their daughter settle down, get married, and have kids.Something is bothering him, so he cant settle down to reading(read) a book.People expect that the talk will lead to the settlement(settle) to the problem.能力提升句式

52、升級普通表達：There are a lot of difficult problems to settle, so the newlyelected president is having a hard time.高級表達：With a lot of difficult problems to settle，the newlyelected president is having a hard time.(with復合結構)3total adj.總的；整個的 n總數(shù)；合計 v總數(shù)為；合計(1)a total of總數(shù)為total up to合計；總數(shù)達到(2)totally adv.總和地；

53、完全地total darkness 漆黑 the total profit利潤總額in total總共；總計基礎練習單句語法填空You got 47 points on the written examination and 18 on the oral，making a total of 65.The students benefiting most from college are those who are totally(total) engaged in academic life, taking full advantage of the colleges chances and

54、resources.能力提升詞匯升級普通表達：There were probably 30 people altogether attending this conference.高級表達：There were probably a total of 30 people attending this conference.高級表達：There were probably 30 people attending this conference in total/in all高級表達：Totally，there were probably 30 people attending this conf

55、erence.4sign vt.簽署；簽名；打手勢；示意 n符號；記號；手勢；跡象(1)sign to sb.to do sth.打手勢(讓某人)做某事sign in/out 簽到/簽退sign up 報名參加(2)a sign of .的標志/跡象make/give a sign to .對做手勢sign a peace agreement 簽署一份和平協(xié)議sign up for a summer camp 報名參加一個暑期夏令營a sign of good fortune and wealth 好運和財富的象征基礎練習單句語法填空I often found myself telling m

56、y mom to drive more slowly, so that I could read all of the road signs(sign) we passed.If you are interested, sign up on our school website before August 10.For safety reasons, please sign in when you arrive at the building, and sign out when you leave.能力提升一句多譯他拼命地向我打手勢不要提有關他的任何事情。He was desperately

57、 signing to me not to mention anything about him.(sign v)He was desperately making a sign to me not to mention anything about him.(sign n)5discourage v阻止；打消的念頭(1)discourage sb.from doing sth.勸某人不要做某事；使某人失去做某事的信心(2)discouraged adj.沮喪的，灰心喪氣的discouraging adj.令人泄氣的；令人沮喪的(3)encourage v鼓勵encourage sb.to d

58、o sth.鼓勵某人做某事discourage him from climbing the mountain 勸阻他爬山not let any failures discourage you 不讓任何失敗使你灰心喪氣encourage their children to overcome difficulties 鼓勵他們的孩子克服困難基礎練習單句語法填空The government encourages farmers to grow(grow) corn instead of rice to improve water quality.His parents tried to discou

59、rage(discourage) his interest in music，but he persisted.The failure was a big blow to him, but he wasnt discouraged (discourage) and soon got as enthusiastic as ever.能力提升詞匯升級普通表達：Both teachers and parents should tell students not to play computer games too much, which affects their studies and healt

60、h.高級表達：Both teachers and parents should discourage students from playing computer games too much, which affects their studies and health.1.right now its Chris Palaezs turn現(xiàn)在輪到Chris Palaez發(fā)言了。句型公式本句屬于“Its ones turn to do sth.”這一句型，表示“輪到某人做某事了”。(1)take turns doing/to do sth.輪流做某事(2)in ones turn輪到某人by