2016年高考英語真題分類匯編-專題05-閱讀理解(解析版)

1、.word格式.專業(yè).專注.2016年高考試題分項解析之專題5閱讀理解1. 2016全國新課標(biāo)I】AYou probably know who Marie Curie was, but you may not have heard of Rachel Carson.Ofthe outstanding ladies listed below, who do you think was the most important woman of the past 100 years?Jane Addams(1860-1935)Anyone who has ever been helped by a s

2、ocial worker has Jane Addams to thank. Addans helped the poor and worked for peace. She encouraged a sense of community(社區(qū))bycreating shelters and promoting education and services for people in need In 1931,Addams became the first American woman to win the Nobel Peace Prize.Rachel Carson(1907-1964)I

3、f it weren t for Rachel Carson, the environmental movement might not exist today. Her popular 1962 book Silent Spring raised awareness of the dangers of pollution and the harmful effects of chemicals on humans and on the worlds lakes and oceans.Sandra Day O Connor(1930-present)When Sandra Day O Conn

4、or finished third in her class at Stanford Law School, in 1952,she could not find work at a law firm because she was a woman. She became an Arizona state senator( 參議員)and ,in 1981, the first woman to join theU.S. Supreme Court. OConnorgave the deciding vote in many important cases during her 24 year

5、s on the top court.Rosa Parks(1913-2005)On December 1,1955,in Montgomery, Alabama,Rasa Parks would not give up her seat on a bus to a passenger. Her simple act landed Parks in prison. But it also set off the Montgmery bus boycott. It lasted for more than a year, and kicked off the civil-rights movem

6、ent.The only tired I was, was tired of giving in, “ said Parks.21.What is Jane Addams noted for in history?Her social work.Her lack of proper training in law.Her efforts to win a prize.Her community background.What is the reason for O Connor s being rejected by the law firm?Her lack of proper traini

7、ng in law.Her little work experience in court.The discrimination against women.The poor financial conditions.Who made a great contribution to the civil-rights movement in the US?A. Jane Addams. B. Rachel Carson. C. Sandra Day O Connor. D. Rosa Parks.What can we infer about the women mentioned in the

8、 text?A. They are highly educated.B. They are truly creative.C. They are pioneers.D. They are peace-lovers.答案】21-24 A C D.C【解析】試題分析：本文是一篇說明文，主要介紹了幾位著名的女性先驅(qū)，她們在各白的領(lǐng)域做出了非凡的貢獻(xiàn)。ZLA細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段苜句可知她是一位社會工作者，而且獲得過諾貝爾和平獎。故選A .C細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中加could not find work at a law film because she was a woman可知,她因為 是女性而

9、被法律公司拒絕錄用小故選口D細(xì)節(jié)理解題燈根據(jù)末段倒數(shù)第二句中and kicked off the dvil-righte mov-emem可知，Rosa Parks對民機(jī)運(yùn) 動做出了貢獻(xiàn)口故選Df24一C推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章對這幾個人物的介紹可知，這些女性都是在各目的領(lǐng)域為社會做出貢獻(xiàn)的先驅(qū)口 故選C.考點：考查人物類短文閱讀岐巧點撥】細(xì)節(jié)理解題的解題可以先從問題中抓住關(guān)鍵性詞語（題眼），然后以此為線索，運(yùn)用略讀及查讀的技巧快速在文章中尋找與此問題相關(guān)的：段落、語句，仔細(xì)品味，對照比較，確定答案。2. 2016全國新課標(biāo)I】BGrandparents Answer a CallAs a thi

10、rd generation native of Brownsville, T exas, Mildred Garza never pleased move away,.Even when her daughter and son asked her to move to San Antonio to help their children,she politely refused . Only after a year of friendly discussion did Ms Gaf finally say yes. Thatwas four years ago. T oday all th

11、ree generations regard the move to a success, giving thema closer relationship than they would have had in separate cities.No statistics show the number of grandparents like Garza who are moving closer to thechildren and grandchildren. Yet there is evidence suggesting that the trend is growing. Even

12、President Obama s mother-in-law, Marian Robinson, has agreed to leave Chicago and intothe White House to help care for her granddaughters. According to a study grandparentscom. 83 percent of the people said Mrs. Robinsons decision will influence the grandparentsin the American family. Two-thirds bel

13、ieve more families will follow the example of Obamas family.“in the 1960s we were all a little wild and couldn t get away from home fa r enough fast enough to prove we could do it on our own,“ says Christine Crosby, publisher of gratetomagazine for grandparents .We now realize how important family i

14、s and how important”be near them, especially when you re raining children. ”Moving is not for everyone. Almost every grandparent wants to be with his or her grandchildren and is willing to make sacrifices, but sometimes it is wiser to say no and visit frequently instead. Having your grandchildren fa

15、r away is hard, especially knowing your adult child is struggling, but giving up the life you know may be harder.25. Why was Garza s move a success?A . It strengthened her family ties.It improved her living conditions.It enabled her make more friends.D . It helped her know more new places.26.What wa

16、s the reaction of the public to Mrs. Robinsons decision?A . 17% expressed their support for it.Few people responded sympathetically.83% believed it had a bad influence.D . The majority thought it was a trend.27. What did Crosby say about people in the 1960s?A . They were unsure of raise more childre

17、n.They were eager to raise more children.They wanted to live away from their parents.D . They bad little respect for their grandparent.28.What does the author suggest the grandparents do in the lasr paragraph?Make decisions in the best interests of their ownAsk their children to pay more visits to t

18、hemSacrifice for their struggling childrenGet to know themselves better答案】25-28. A D C A【解析】試題分析；本文是一篇議論文.主要講述目前社會上很多老年人愿意撤到離子女近的地方居住的一種趨勢.同時作者也建議老人們要做出適合自己的選擇，不要僅僅為孩子考慮而犧牲了自己習(xí)慣了的生活方式小25一 A細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)苜段末句可知,跖1市1 Garza老人搬到離孩子近的地方居住讓他們的關(guān)系更密切， 一家人認(rèn)為這是一個成功的事情口故選A.D 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段末句thirds believe more families

19、 will follow the cscamplc cf Obamas family可知，很多人會受MaimRobii均jn的黃響，所以這回形成一種潮流。故選D。.C細(xì)節(jié)理解題口根據(jù)第三段首句可知，在四年代人們都箝望離開家，以此來證明自己的獨(dú)立電故選aA推理判斷題。根據(jù)末段推知，作者建議人們要明智不要為了孩子而做出犧牲。故選A?？键c：社會生活類短文閱讀岐巧點撥】推理判斷題屬于主觀題，是層次較高的題目。此類題要求通過文章中的文字信息，上下文邏輯關(guān)系及事物的發(fā)展變化等已知的信息，推斷出作者暗含的意思。解題關(guān)鍵要注意表明作者觀點、立場的動詞、名詞、形容詞和副詞等。28題中則根據(jù)it is wiser

20、 to say no 推斷出作者的立場。3. 2016全國新課標(biāo)UCI am peter Hodes ,a volunteer stem courier. SinceMarch 2012, Ive done 89 trips ofthose , 51 have been abroad, I have 42 hours to carry stem cells（干名田胞）in my little boxbecause Ive got two ice packs and thats how long they last, in all, from the time the stemcells are

21、 harvested from a donor（ 捐獻(xiàn)者）to the time they can be implanted in the patient,we ve got 72 hours at most, So I am always conscious of time.I had one trip last year where I was caught by a hurricane in America. I picked up the stem cells in Providence, Rhode Island, and was meant to fly to Washington

22、 then back to London.But when I arrived at the check-in desk at Providence, the lady on the desk said:Well, I mreally sorry, Ive got some bad news for you-there are no fights fromWashington. So Itookmy box and put it on the desk and I said:In this box are somestem cells that are urgentlyneeded for a

23、 patient-please, please, youve got to get me back to the United Kingdom. Shejust droppedeverything. She arrangedfor a flight on asmall plane tobe held formere-routed（改道）me through Newarkand got me backto the UK evenearlierthanoriginally scheduled.For this courier job, you re consciously aware than t

24、hat box you re got something that is potentially going to save somebody s life.Which of the following can replace the underlined wordcourier in Paragraph17A providerB delivery manC collectorD medical doctor.Why does Peter have to complete his trip within 42hours?He cannot stay away from his job too

25、long.The donor can only wait for that long.The operation needs that very much. D. The ice wont last any longer.31.Which flight did the woman put Peter on first?A. To London B. To NewarkC. To Providence D. T o Washington答案】29-31.B D.B【解析】試題分析：本文是一篇記敘文，主要介紹了作者在一次運(yùn)送造血干細(xì)胞途中的一段經(jīng)歷j表現(xiàn)了人們之間 的友愛色29B 詞義猜測題。根據(jù)

26、本段內(nèi)容 rve done 89 taps 和 I lave 42 hours Io cany stem cells in my little best 以及第 二段內(nèi)容可知作者是運(yùn)送干細(xì)胞的人，也就是ddigyman。故選B。岐巧點撥】詞義猜測題的答題技巧。1.根據(jù)定義或上下文解釋進(jìn)行猜測2.根據(jù)同位關(guān)系進(jìn)行猜測3.根據(jù)構(gòu)詞法（前綴、后綴、復(fù)合、派生等）進(jìn)行彳#測4.根據(jù)轉(zhuǎn)折或?qū)Ρ汝P(guān)系進(jìn)行猜測。在本文中要根據(jù)上下文對作者工作的描寫來推測出正確的詞義。30. D 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段第二句 I have 42 hours to carry stem cells in my little bo

27、xbecause I ve got two ice packs and that s how long they last.可知冰盒只能保持 42 小時適宜的溫度。故選D。31.B 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段末句She arranged for a flight on a small plane to be held forme, re-routed me through Newark 可知，這位好心的女士首先安排作者去Newark的航班。故選B?？键c：故事類短文閱讀4. 2016全國新課標(biāo)UDThe meaning of silence varies among cultural groups.

28、 Silences may be thoughtful, or they may be empty when a person has nothing to say. A silence in a conversation may alsoshow stubbornness, or worry. Silence may be viewed by some cultural groups as extremely uncomfortable; therefore attempts may be made to fill every gap（間隙）with conversation. Person

29、s in other cultural groups value silence and view it as necessary for understanding apersons needs.Many Native Americans value silence and feel it is a basic part of communicating among people, just as sometraditional Chinese and Thai persons do. Therefore, when a person from one of these cult ures

30、is speaking and suddenlystops, what maybe implied（ 暗示）is that the person wants the listener to consider what has been said before continuing. In these cultures, silence is a call for reflection.Other cultures may use silence in other ways, particularly when dealing with conflicts among people or in

31、relationships of people with different amounts of power. For example, Russian, French, and Spanish persons may use silence to show agreement between parties about the topic under discussion. However, Mexicans may use silence when instructions are given by a person in authority rather than be rude to

32、 that person by arguing with him or her. In still another use, persons in Asian cultures may view silence as a sign of respect, particularly to an elder or a person in authority.Nurses and other care-givers need to be aware of the possible meanings of silence when they come across the personal anxie

33、ty their patients may be experiencing. Nurses should recognize their own personal and cultural construction of silence so that a patientssilence is not interrupted too early or allowed to go on unnecessarily. A nurse who understands the healing（ 治愈）value of silence can use this understanding to assi

34、st in the care of patients from their own and from other cultures.What does the author say about silence in conversations?It implies anger.It promotes friendship.It is culture-specific.It is content-based.Which of the following people might regard silence as a call for careful thought?The Chinese.Th

35、e French.The Mexicans.The Russians.What does the author advise nurses to do about silence?Let it continue as the patient pleases.Break it while treating patients.Evaluate its harm to patients.Make use of its healing effects.What may be the best title for the text?Sound and SilenceWhat It Means to Be

36、 SilentSilence to Native AmericansSpeech Is Silver; Silence Is Gold答案】32-35.C A D B1解析】試題分析，本文是一篇說明文j主要介紹了沉默在不同文化背景下的不同內(nèi)涵“在有些時1%人們利用沉 默來解決人們之間的沖突，而在有些時候沉默則被認(rèn)為表示頑固或者是擔(dān)憂“.C細(xì)節(jié)理解題卬根據(jù)文章首段首句meaning of silence varies among cultural groups 可知，作者認(rèn)為 沉熬是有文化特性的。A 細(xì)節(jié)理解題 a 根據(jù)第二段中 what may be implied is that the p

37、craon wants the listener to consider what has been said before wiitiiiuiiig可知中國人認(rèn)為談話時人們的沉默是在思考談話內(nèi)容.D 細(xì)節(jié)理解題 q 根據(jù)末段末句 A nurse who undersiaiKh the healing value of silence 回 use this undeistanding to assist in the care of patioits可知，作者建議護(hù)士要利用沉默的好處來護(hù)理病大o故選D 口3$B主旨要義題中文章主要介紹了在不同文化背景下談話期間的沉默的不同含義，由此判斷B選項可

38、以概 括文童內(nèi)容。故選B 0考點：社會生活類短文閱讀5. 2016全國新課標(biāo)II】AWhat s OnElectric Underground7.30pm 1.00am Free at the Cyclops TheatreDo you know who s playing in your area? We re bringing you an evening of live rock andpop music from the best local bands. Are you interested in becoming a musician andgetting a recording

39、contract（ 合同）? If so, come early to the talk at 7.30pm by Jules Skye, a successful record producer. He s going to talk about how you can find the right perooproduce you music.Gee Whizz8.30pm-10.30pm Comedy at KaleidoscopeCome and see Gee Whizz perform. He s the funniest comedian on the comedyscene.

40、This joyful show will please everyone, from the youngest to the oldest. Gee Whizzreally knows how to make you laugh! Our bar is open from 7.00pm for drinks and snacks（快餐）.Simon s Workshop5.00pm-7.30pm Wednesdays at Victoria StageThis is a good chance for anyone who wants to learn how to do comedy. T

41、he workshoplooks at every kind of comedy, and practices many different ways of making people laugh.Simon is a come dian and actor who has 10 years experience of teaching comedy. Hisworkshops are exciting and fun. An evening with Simon will give you the confidence to be funny.Charlotte Stone8.00pm-11

42、.00pmPizza WorldFine food with beautiful jazz music; this is a great evening out. Charlotte Stone will perform songs from her new best-selling CD, with James Pickering on the piano. The menu is Italian, with excellent meat and fresh fish, pizzas and pasta（ 面食）.Book early to get a table. Our bar is o

43、pen all day, and serves cocktails, coffee, beer, and white wine.Who can help you if you want to have your music produced?A. Jules Skye.B. Gee Whizz.C. Charlotte Stone.D. James Pickering.At which place can people of different ages enjoy a good laugh?A. The Cyclops Theatre B. KaleidoscopeC. Victoria S

44、tage D. Pizza WorldWhat do we know about Simon s Workshop?A. It requires membership status. B. It lasts three hours each time.C. It is run by a comedy club. D. It is held every Wednesday.When will Charlotte Stone perform her songs?A. 5.00pm-7.30pm. B. 7.30pm 1.00am.C. 8.00pm-11.00pm. D. 8.30pm-10.30

45、pm.答案】1.A2. B 3. D 4. C【解析】試題分析：本文屬于廣告類閱讀，分別介紹了四則廣吉Electric Underground、Gee Whizz、Simon s Wmkshop、 amlotteSio配的具體內(nèi)容及細(xì)節(jié)信息。整篇文章難度較小。1.A 細(xì)節(jié)理解題 R 根據(jù)第一則廣告最后一句going to talk aboul how you can find light petson to produceyoui musico可知丁ules Skye可以教你如何制作音樂。那么如果你想做你自己的音樂，你就可以去找他口故 A正確。2.B 細(xì)節(jié)理解題根據(jù)第二則廣告第三句 This

46、joyful show will please eveiyone, from the youngest Io the oldest 可知這場表演能夠讓所有年齡段的大都很開心口表演的場所在Kakidgspe。故B正確。3.D細(xì)節(jié)理解題q根據(jù)第三則廣告第二行中5_00 pm- 7.30pm Wednesdays at Victoria可知癡ionsWorksliop的表演是在每周三下午5點至7點3Q之間進(jìn)行。故D項正確。4.C細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四則廣告第二行8.00pm-11.00pm Pizza Wortd”可知Charlotte Stone將在晚上8.00 至11點之間表演她最受歡迎的歌曲，故

47、C項正確?？燑c睛】本文屬于廣告類短文，所考查四題均為細(xì)節(jié)題中的直接理解題。細(xì)節(jié)事實理解題主要考查考生對文章中某一些特定細(xì)節(jié)或文章的重要實事的理解能力。它一般包括直接理解題和語義理解題兩種。直接理解題的答案與原文直接掛鉤 ，從閱讀材料中可以找到。這種題難度低，只要學(xué)生讀懂文章，就能得分，屬于低層次題。在閱讀中可以使用定位法與跳讀法解決直接理解題。定位法即根據(jù)題干和選項所提供的信息直接從原文中找到相應(yīng)的句子（即定位），然后進(jìn)行比較和分析（尤其要注意一些同義轉(zhuǎn)換），從而找出正確答案。跳讀法即根據(jù)題干和選項所提供的信息跳讀原文，并找到相關(guān)的句子（有時可能是幾個句子）或段落，然后進(jìn)行分析和推理等，從而

48、找出正確答案。以本文為例，我們根據(jù)題干中 people of different ages enjoy a good laugh”所有年齡段的人都能夠從中獲得笑聲 ，直接定位第二則廣告第三句This joyful show will please everyone,from the youngest to the oldest可知這場表演能夠讓所有年齡段的人都很開心，故選擇 B項?？键c：考查廣告類閱讀6. 2016全國新課標(biāo)II】BFive years ago, when I taught art at a school in Seattle, I used Tinkertoys as a t

49、est at thebeginning of a term to find out something about my students. I put a small set of Tinkertoysin front of each student, and said:ethin g oMat kf tsomrinkertoys. You have 45minutes today - and 45minutes each day for the rest of the week.”A few students hesitated to start. They waited to see t

50、he rest of the class would do.Several others checked the instructions and made something according to one of themodel plans provided. Another group built something out of their own imaginations.Once I had a boy who worked experimentally with Tinkertoys in his free time. Hisconstructions filled a she

51、lf in the art classroom and a good part of his bedroom at home. Iwas delighted at the presence of such a student. Here was an exceptionally creative mind atwork. His presence meant that I had an unexpected teaching assistant in class whosecreativity would infect（ 感染）other students.Encouraging this k

52、ind of thinking has a downside. I ran the risk of losing those studentswho had a different style of thinking. Without fail one would declare, But Ire asleep?creative. ”“Do you dream at night when you“Oh, sure.S So tell me one of your most interesting dreams. The student would tell something wildlyim

53、aginative. Flying in the sky or in a time machine or growing three heads.creative. Who does that for you?Nobody. I do it.“Rea-yat night, when youre asleep?Sure.Try doing it in the daytime, in class, okay?The teacher used Tinkertoys in class in order to?A. know more about the studentsB. make the less

54、ons more excitingC. raise the studen ts interest in art D. te ach the students about toy designWhat do we know about the boy mentioned in Paragraph 3?A. He liked to help his teacher.B. He preferred to study alone.C. He was active in class. D. He was imaginative.What does the underlined word“ downsid

55、e in Paragraph 4 probably mean?A. Mistake. B. Drawback.C. Difficulty. D. Burden.Why did the teacher ask the students to talk about their dreams?A. To help them to see their creativity. B. To find out about their sleeping habits.C. To help them to improve their memory.D. To find out about their ways

56、of thinking.答案】5. A 6. D 7. B 8. A【解析】試題分析：本文屬于記敘文j作者通過讓學(xué)生拼裝玩具發(fā)現(xiàn)拜鼓勵學(xué)生的創(chuàng)造性和想象力，5-A推理判斷題.根據(jù)文章第二段可知當(dāng)我把拼裝式玩具放在學(xué)生面前的時候，有些學(xué)生猶襦看在等看看別 人如何行動，有一些學(xué)生查看了使用說明并根據(jù)模型做出了一些東西。而另外一些學(xué)生則根據(jù)本人的想象 力做出了一些東西。通過觀察我對不同的學(xué)生的性格有了不同的理解。故A正確。機(jī)D推理判斷題。文章第三E殳第一句中提到的這個男孩在空閑時間拼裝這些玩具，而且他的作品堆滿了藝 術(shù)教室的架子，家里的臥室里也有很多&第三段倒數(shù)第三句Here was an exce

57、ptionally creative mind at work” 說明他是一個很有想象力和創(chuàng)造性的人，故口項正確。7.B 詞義猜測題。根據(jù)劃線單詞后一句I ran the risk of losing those students who had adifferent style of thinking.可知我冒著失去那些有不同思維方式的學(xué)生的危險。說明我的這種教育方法也有不足之處。故劃線詞意為 drawback缺點”。故B正確。8-A推理判斷題.根據(jù)文章最后七段中的對話內(nèi)容可知作者鼓勵孩子們說出最有趣的、有創(chuàng)造性和想象力的 夢，并鼓勵他們在白天的課堂里把夢的內(nèi)容做出來,作者這樣做的目的就是為

58、了讓他們發(fā)現(xiàn)自己的創(chuàng)造性 和想象力&故A正確百咯師點睛】本文屬于詞義猜測題。我們可以根據(jù)后句Iran the riskthinking. ”中的Ask”說明我的教育方法也有不足之處，故劃線詞意為 drawback缺點，不足”。本題屬于典型的理由上下文語境推測。近幾年高考閱讀中猜測詞義考查方法多樣化，其中根據(jù)上下文語境推測將會越來越多。根據(jù)上下文語境作出判斷：有時短文中出現(xiàn)一個需猜測其意義的詞或短語，下面接著出現(xiàn)其定義域解釋或例子，這就是判斷該詞或短語意義的主要依據(jù)。請看下例：Shanghai Bashi T ourism Car Rental Centre offers a wide vari

59、ety ofchoices -deluxe sedans, minivans, station wagons, coaches, Santana sedans are the big favorite.從前面的Car Rental Center可知出租車公司提供的只能是cars for rent（出租汽車），也就是說劃線的詞都是出租汽車的名稱。除此之外，我們還可以根據(jù)轉(zhuǎn)折或?qū)Ρ汝P(guān)系進(jìn)行判斷：根據(jù)上下句的連接詞，如but ,however , otherwise 等就可以看到前后句在意義上的差別，從而依據(jù)某一句的含義，來確定另一句的含義。另外，分號（；）也可以表示轉(zhuǎn)折、對比或不相干的意義。還可以

60、根據(jù)因果關(guān)系進(jìn)行判斷：俗話說，宥因必有果，有果必有因。根據(jù)原因可以預(yù)測結(jié)果，根據(jù)結(jié)果也可以找出原因。例如Biggest power failure in the citys historyAll of our ice 一cream and frozen foods melted.根據(jù)因果關(guān)系，停電只能導(dǎo)致冰淇淋和冷凍食品融化”，也就是melted?？键c：考查記敘文閱讀7. 2016全國新課標(biāo)IUCReading can be a social activity. Think of the people who belong to book groups. Theychoose books to