Book1語法一時態(tài)與語態(tài)教程

1、Book1語法一時態(tài)與語態(tài)教程 典題自測： 1-5 BCCCD 6-10 CCCDD 11-15 ADACC1.I didnt think Id like the movie, but actually it _ pretty good. 年山東卷24 A. has been B. was C. had been D. would be 【解析】選B?？疾靹釉~時態(tài)。根據(jù)題干局部didnt可知根底時態(tài)為一般過去時態(tài)；再根據(jù)句意：我認為我不會喜歡這部電影，而實際上這是部相當好的電影。故使用一般過去時態(tài)陳述過去的事實。2. 年山東卷27 Oh no! Were too late. The train

2、 _. Thats Ok. Well catch the next train to London. A. was leaving B. had left C. has left D. has been leaving【解析】選C。如今完成時表示動作發(fā)生在過去，假設是非延續(xù)性動詞，那么就強調對如今的影響。3. 新課標全國卷23 “Life is like walking in the snow, Granny used to say, “because every step _. A. has shown B. is showingC. shows D. showed【解析】選C?？疾鞎r態(tài)。句

3、意：祖母過去經常說：“人生就像在雪地里行走, 因為每一步都能顯現(xiàn)出來。根據(jù)Life is like walking in the snow可知, 后半句應用一般如今時。所以選C。4. 新課標全國卷33I had been working on math for the whole afternoon and the numbers _ before my eyes. A. swim B. swumC. swam D. had swum【解析】選C?？疾鞎r態(tài)。句意：一下午我都在做數(shù)學題, 所以我眼前全是數(shù)字。根據(jù)句意和and前面的時態(tài)可知, swim這一動作發(fā)生在had been working

4、之后, 所以要用一般過去時。5. 湖南27“The moment _ soon, he thought to himself, waiting nervously. A. came B. has comeC. was coming D. is coming【解析】選D。考察時態(tài)。句意：“這一刻就要來到了, 他自思自忖, 緊張地等待著。由句中的soon及選項可知此題考察進展時態(tài)表將來, 且謂語動詞come用于直接引語中, 故用如今進展時表將來。D項為如今進展時, 符合題意。A項為一般過去時；B項為如今完成時；C項為過去進展時。6. 湖南33I remember you were a talent

5、ed pianist at college. Can you play the piano for me? Sorry, I _ the piano for years. A. dont play B. wasnt playingC. havent played D. hadnt played【解析】選C?？疾鞎r態(tài)。句意：我記得在大學的時候你是個才華橫溢的鋼琴家。你能給我彈奏一曲嗎？抱歉, 我已經好多年沒彈鋼琴了。由情景可知, 不彈鋼琴這個動作應該是由過去延續(xù)到如今, 符合如今完成時的用法, 故C項正確。A項為一般如今時；B項為過去進展時；D項為過去完成時。7. 江西26Look! Someb

6、ody _ the sofa. Well, it wasnt me. I didnt do it. A. is cleaning B. was cleaningC. has cleaned D. had cleaned【解析】選C?？疾靹釉~時態(tài)。句意：你瞧！有人擦了沙發(fā)。哦, 不是我, 我沒擦。從答語來看, 是一般過去時態(tài), 說明“沙發(fā)已經擦過了, 故用如今完成時表示影響和結果。A項表示“如今正在擦；B項表示“過去正在擦 ；C項表示“已經擦了 ；D項是過去完成時, 表示“過去的過去。8. 陜西24Can I call you back at two oclock this afternoon?

7、 Im sorry, but by then I _ to Beijing. How about five? A. fly B. will flyC. will be flying D. am flying【解析】選C?？疾鞎r態(tài)。句意：今天下午兩點鐘我給你回 好嗎？不好意思, 兩點的時候我正在飛往北京的路上。五點鐘怎么樣？根據(jù)語境, 兩人議論的是將來的事情。題干中關鍵詞為by then, 故應用將來進展時態(tài)。9. 天津15We would have called a taxi yesterday if Harold _ us a ride home. A. didnt offer B. wou

8、ldnt offerC. hasnt offered D. hadnt offered【解析】選D。考察時態(tài)和虛擬語氣。句意：假設哈羅德不開車送我們回家, 我們昨天可以叫出租車。根據(jù)句意可知if引導的條件狀語從句是對發(fā)生在過去的事實的一種假設, 所以要用虛擬語氣, 即用過去完成時, 應選D。10. 四川9Did you catch what I said? Sorry. I _ a text message just now. A. had answered B. have answeredC. would answer D. was answering【解析】選D?？疾靹釉~時態(tài)。句意: 你明

9、白我說的了嗎? 對不起。我剛剛在回復短信。由句意可知, 此處強調過去某個時刻正在做某事, 所以應用過去進展時。11. 四川11They are living with their parents for the moment because their own house _. A. is being rebuilt B. has been rebuiltC. is rebuilt D. has rebuilt【解析】選A?？疾靹釉~時態(tài)和語態(tài)。句意：他們如今和他們的父母住在一起, 因為他們自己的房子正在重建。根據(jù)句意可知, 此處強調如今正在發(fā)生的動作, 故應用如今進展時, 且rebuild與h

10、ouse之間為動賓關系, 所以應用如今進展時的被動式。12. 安徽35After school we went to the reading-room to do some reading, only to be told that it _. A. was decorated B. had decoratedC. had been decorating D. was being decorated【解析】選D?？疾靹釉~時態(tài)和語態(tài)。句意：放學后我們去閱覽室讀書, 結果被告知閱覽室正在裝修。由句子的謂語動詞went可知, 動作發(fā)生在過去, 而裝修正在進展, 故需要使用過去進展時；it指代the

11、reading-room, 與動詞decorate是動賓關系, 故需要使用被動語態(tài), 所以應該使用過去進展時的被動語態(tài), 應選D項。13. 湖南22Dont worry. The hard work that you do now _ later in life. A. will be repaid B. was being repaidC. has been repaid D. was repaid【解析】選A?？疾鞎r態(tài)和語態(tài)。句意：不要擔憂。你如今做的艱辛的工作會在以后的生活中得到回報。由句意可知應用一般將來時, 且艱辛的工作應該是被回報, 故用動詞的一般將來時的被動語態(tài)。A項為一般將來時

12、的被動語態(tài), 符合題意。B項為過去進展時的被動語態(tài)；C項為如今完成時的被動語態(tài)；D項為一般過去時的被動語態(tài)。14. 江蘇34The president hopes that the people will be better off when he quits than when he _. A. has started B. startsC. started D. will start【解析】選C?？疾鞎r態(tài)。句意：總統(tǒng)希望當他卸任時人們可以比他上任時更為富有。when引導的時間狀語從句中用一般如今時代替將來時, 首先排除D項。根據(jù)句意, 總統(tǒng)上任(start)發(fā)生在卸任(quit)之前, 應

13、用一般過去時, 因此答案為C。15. 湖南25Close the door of fear behind you, and you _ the door of faith open before you. A. saw B. have seenC. will see D. are seeing【解析】選C?？疾鞎r態(tài)。句意：關上通往恐懼的門之后, 你會很快地看到信心的大門在你面前敞開。固定句式：do sth. and you will. . . “做某事, 你就會。C項為一般將來時, 符合題意。A項為一般過去時；B項為如今完成時； D項為如今進展時。 課堂互動探究一般時態(tài)進行時態(tài)完成時態(tài)完成進行

14、時態(tài)現(xiàn)在過去had + been writing將來shall/will + have been writing過去將來should/would + be writingshould/would+ have writtenshould/would +have been writing各個時態(tài)的構成法歸納如下:以write為例writewriteswroteshall/will +writeshould/would +writeam/is/ are +writingwas/were +writingshall/will+ be writinghave/has +writtenhad + writ

15、tenshall/will +have writtenhave/has + been writing1.一般如今時(do/does)1).表現(xiàn)存的狀態(tài)、情況He majors in Maths. 2). 經常性,反復性或習慣性動作等。常與every day, often, always, once a week, seldom, usually, frequently,sometimes, occasionally等連用。 She goes to school at six every day3).真理，客觀事實，格言或警句。Columbus proved that the earth is

16、round.Shanghai lies in the east of China.4). 在由when, if, before, as soon as, unless等引導的時間，條件狀語從句中，用一般如今時代替一般將來時。When I grow up I shall be a soldier.5). 用在由here, there等開首的句子中。 表正在發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)，用一般如今時代替進展時 There goes the bell.6).表示主語的習慣特征，性格，才能等. He studies very hard.7).議論時刻表和日程安排： I leave for Beijing n

17、ext Monday. 2.一般過去時did)1表示過去的某個時間發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)，常和明確的時間狀語連用。(last month/year; two days ago; just now; at that time; the other day, in 1982 yesterday-) She went out just now. I saw him yesterday.2表過去經常性、習慣性或反復發(fā)生的動作?？膳c時狀often連用,或used to, would連用 Last month she worked eleven hours every day. He used to ge

18、t up early. 3) 句型： It is time that sb. did sth. 到了該做某事的時間了 早該了 Its time that you went to bed.4)沒有明確表示過去的時間狀語，需要根據(jù)語境去判斷時間。 Edward，you play so well.But I didnt know you played the piano.5)當含有由before, after, as soon as等引導的復合句中，由于連詞本身可以明確表示動作發(fā)生的順序，故主句和從句一般都用一般過去時I went home after I finished my work. 3.一

19、般將來時(will/shall+do) 1).表示將來發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。 I shall not be free tonight.2)表示將來動作的其他形式. be going to+ 動詞原形(一表 “意圖， 即打算在將來做某事；二是表示“預見，即如今已有跡象說明將要發(fā)生某種情況 I am going to buy a new car.Look at the dark clouds; there is going to be a storm.be to+動詞原形(表正式安排或注定要發(fā)生 可用于if 條件句表示打算、想要。 I am to have tea with Betty this

20、 afternoon. If you are to succeed, youd better work hard. be about to+動詞原形表最近的將來，意思是“馬上，立即，常與when連用I am about to go to bed when someone knocks at the door.(4) “ 表示按方案、安排即將發(fā)生的動作，如：go, come, leave, begin, start, get, reach, arrive, return, meet, etc. Were moving to a different hotel the day after tomo

21、rrow. (5)既定的時間如生日、日歷、課時安排、交通時刻表等，通常用一般如今時表示將來的動作。 The plane takes off at 5:30 a.m. The new school year begins on September 1.4.過去將來時(would do)1)表示在過去將來的某一時間發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。 (常用于賓從中) I didnt expect that so many people would offer their help.2)也可用was/were to+動詞原形或was/were about to+動詞原形或was/were going to+動

22、詞原形表示過去將來時。 I was about to leave when the telephone rang.5、如今進展時(am/is are doing)1). 表此時此刻正在進展的動作,常與now, at the moment, for the time being, for the present等時間狀語連用.We are waiting for the bus.2). 習慣進展：表近段時間長期的或重復性的動作.(說話時不一定正在進展。Mr. Green is writing another novel.說話時并未在寫，只處于寫作的狀態(tài)。3).與always,usually,of

23、ten,constantly continually等頻度詞連用，表經?；蚍磸桶l(fā)生的動作。往往帶有說話人的主觀色彩。表批評或贊揚等。You are always changing your mindYou are constantly finding fault with me.4表示漸變，這樣的詞有：get, grow, become, turn, run, go, begin等 Its getting warmer and warmer.6:過去進展時(was/were doing)1表過去某一時刻正在進展的動作。常與表過去的時狀連用。(at that time, at the momen

24、t, this time, yesterday, this morning, the whole morning, when, while.)What were you doing at ten oclock last night?He was watching TV when I came in.2)表過去某一階段內正在進展的動作或持續(xù)的狀態(tài)。(說話時不一定在進展We were having a discussion from 7 to 9 last night.也可和頻度副詞連用，表過去經常發(fā)生或反復發(fā)生的動作，表說話人批評或贊揚。 (always, frequently, often,

25、forever , continually.)He was always playing tricks on her uncle. 7: 將來進展時 (will / shall be doing)表將來某時刻或某一階段正在進展的動作或狀態(tài)?；蝾A測將要發(fā)生的事常用時狀有：soon, by this time, in two days, tomorrow, on Sunday, this evening, tomorrow eveningI will be having a meeting from 2：30 to 5：30 tomorrow afternoon.Daniels family wi

26、ll be enjoying their holiday in Huangshan this time next week.(摘自安徽高考)8.如今完成時 (have/has done)1)表示過去做的動作對如今造成的結果或影響常與already, yet，just, ever, never等副詞連用 We have just finished the work2)表示過去某時開場的動作一直延續(xù)到如今并且可能會延續(xù)下去.常用的時間狀語有(so far; up to now; lately;recently; during /in the last/past few years; this we

27、ek; for a long time, since,since then, these days, for +時間段, all day)He has worked in the company since he came to the city.3)用在某些句型中:It/This is+the first/last/only/adj 最高級+名詞+that+如今完成時Eg: This is the first time we have seen a film in the cinema together as a family.(摘自陜西高考)這是我們全家第一次到電影院看電影。It is/h

28、as been +一段時間+since+過去式9.過去完成時(had done) 1)表示在過去某一時間或動作之前已經完成的動作即“過去的過去。 By the end of 2002,the factory had produces 200000cars.2)表示在過去某一時間開場一直延續(xù)到另一個過去的時間的動作The old man had been ill for a long time before he died in 2002.3表示過去沒有實現(xiàn)的愿望，打算或方案。動詞有hope,wish,expect,think,intend,mean,suppose等，也表示“絕望或可惜We h

29、ad hoped to catch the first train but she was too late.=hoped to have caught4)常用句型This/It was the first time that + 過完This was the first time that I had heard such things.It was +一段時間+since+過完It was five years since I had left middle school. No soonerthan Hardlywhen 一就 Scarcelywhen as soon asHe had

30、hardly got on the train when the train started out.注意：by the end of+過去時間；by the time+句子(過去時) at the time of +過去事件;其主句用過去完成時10.將來完成時(will have done)表示將來某一時刻或某一行為發(fā)生之前所完成的動作或這一動作仍在持續(xù)常和by或by the time等連用 By the end of this term, we shall have learned 18 lessons. 11. 如今完成進展時 (have / has been doing) 1表從過去某

31、一時刻開場的動作一直 持續(xù)到如今，并且可能還將持續(xù)下去。2表示從過去某一時刻到如今，某個動作一直都在進展。We have been learning English for more than five years.12.過去完成進展時(had been doing)表示過去某時以前一直進展的一個動作這一動作可能在這一時間前剛完畢或仍在進展. No one knew what this bad egg had been doing all this years.【隨堂自我測評】一、1.were walking；didnt notice3.will have come5.arent二. 1-5

32、BBDBB 6-10 BDAAB二、by the time he gets home是用一般如今時表將來，主句用將來完成時。2B一般過去時表示動作發(fā)生在過去，與如今沒關系。句意為：如今是個記者，但在高中工作過幾年。3Dbefore作副詞用時通常與如今完成時態(tài)連用。4B一般過去時表示動作發(fā)生在過去，與如今沒關系，“忘記只是發(fā)生在過去如今已經想起(沒關水管)來了。5B此題考察時態(tài)。句意為：我正要去修剪玫瑰花叢，但有人已經修剪了，是你嗎？由題意可知用過去完成時。6Bspeak發(fā)生在became之前，故應該用過去完成時。7D當went to get a book這個動作發(fā)生時另外一個動作write正在

33、發(fā)生，第一空應該用過去進展時；leave發(fā)生在went之前，故第二空用過去完成時。8AI have no idea暗示試卷應該在批閱之中，還沒有結果。9Acause發(fā)生在swept之后，又因強調對如今造成的影響，故用如今完成時。10Bbe to do表將來，五年前沒有人能想像他(將來)在文學界的作用?！菊n后智能提升】 1-5 CACBC 6-10 CAADA11-15 CCCBD 16-20 ABDBB1.【解析】選C?？疾靹釉~時態(tài)。句意：很抱歉，經理如今還不在。噢，假設我一個小時后再打 ，你認為他會到嗎？根據(jù)句子語境可知，經理如今沒到，在條件句中，過一小時打 ，是指將來的動作，故主句也要用將

34、來時，故C項正確。2.【解析】選A?？疾鞎r態(tài)。前句句意：打攪了，我想知道你能不能幫助我。我的身份證不見了。一般過去時和如今完成時均可表示事情已經發(fā)生，但一般過去時強調動作本身，而如今完成時強調該動作的結果或影響。根據(jù)句意選A。3.【解析】選C?？疾鞎r態(tài)。句意：我難以相信你會因為超速行駛被罰款。我本以為你是一個慎重的司機。由句意可知“認為這一動作發(fā)生在過去，故用一般過去時，thought 表示“本以為。4.【解析】選B?？疾鞎r態(tài)。根據(jù)前句中的this afternoon可知是將來的時間，語意表示在下午三點半這個時刻瓊將正在看?哈利波特與魔法石?，所以用將來進展時。5.【解析】選C。考察時態(tài)。句意

35、：北京的交通狀況幾十年來一直在惡化。起初，人們只是抱怨交通頂峰期的堵塞，但是如今每時每刻都是頂峰期。如今完成進展時表示這種狀態(tài)從過去一直持續(xù)到如今，而且還可能持續(xù)下去。6.【解析】選C?？疾靹釉~時態(tài)。句意：克里斯汀如今是一家公司的經理，但是她曾在北京的一所中學當過3年的教師。此題是就克里斯汀如今和過去所從事工作的不同，前句為一般如今時，而第二句描繪的是過去的情況，用一般過去時。應選C。7.【解析】選A。考察動詞時態(tài)。句意：你剛剛看到一個穿黑衣服的男子從旁邊經過嗎？沒有，先生。我剛剛在看報紙。由題干中第一個句子可知，此題的語境為過去時間背景，而第二句為“剛剛我在看報紙，故要用過去進展時。8.【解析】選A?？疾鞎r態(tài)。句意：邁克的父親希望邁克再也不去參加宴會了，因為他經常喝醉。根據(jù)句意，可知此處應該用一般將來時，應選A。B、C