人教版初三英語總復習講義

1、人教版初三英語總復習講義八種動詞時態(tài)，有的只要求達到理解層次，有的則要求達到熟練運用層次。至少其中五種時態(tài)包括過去進行時是要求達到熟練運用層次的，而且其考查方式肯定不會以某一時態(tài)的獨立形式出現，而是時態(tài)的綜合運用，尤其要重視各種時態(tài)之間的區(qū)別。找出它們之間的不同冠詞的用法 .現以冠詞為例：John was given orange bag for his birthday but bag waslost just now.A.an,a B.a,the C.the,a D.an,theTheres old tree near house. A.a,an B.an,theC.a,the D.the

2、,agood,kind girl she is! A.How B.What a C.What D.How abad weather!I hope it wont last long. A.How B.WhatC.What a D.How athey are listening to the teacher!A.How careful B.What careful C.How carefully D.What carefully由上例題我們可以發(fā)現冠詞和感嘆句是必考內容。同樣，象賓語從句的語序、代詞的格、主謂語一致、動詞和介詞的搭配、近義詞的比較以及習慣表達法和情態(tài)動詞的使用等，無一不在考查之列

3、。 所有這一切語言基礎知識，我都將通過對典型試題的解題分析， 展開討論， 分層展示難易對比， 系統(tǒng)歸納。 對于語言基礎知識是這樣處理，那么對以能力測試為主要目的的中考其他試題形式又該怎么辦呢？ 這里我們以一篇完形填空題為例：A poor farmer had never left his small village.After he(1) a lot ofmoney,he decided to spend a holiday in an expensive hotel(旅館 )in abigtown.(2)lunch time came on his first day there,he we

4、nt to eat in therestaurant( 餐館 )of the hotel(3) his new clothes.The head waiter(服務員 )(4)him to the table,took his order and went away.When he turned and(5)the farmer again,he had a (6)!The farmer had tied(系)his table clothround his (7).The head waiter told another waiter to go to the farmer and (8)

5、himthat people (9) do such a thing in his restaurant.So the waiter went tothe farmer and said in a (10) voice( 聲音 ),Good morning,sir.Would you like a haircutB.made C.paidD.gaveC.WhenD.BecauseB.with C.on D.in4.A.wanted B.put C.showed D.brought要求考生從所給的選項中選出正確答案，使補足后的短文意思通順，結構完整。對此，考生必須通篇考慮，不能拿來就做，那樣必然

6、顧此失彼，前后意思不得連貫。目前的中考完型還側重于語法，這將在逐年試題的變革中轉向按上下文的要求來推斷理解。在解這類題時，必須掌握“詞感現象”,注意學會區(qū)分“干擾項”所謂詞感， “the sense of word 是指一種對詞或詞群的感受能力。對詞的感受力強， 在解題時會較為容易地找到它與情景的關系。詞感并不僅僅指詞與詞之間的細微差異，也并不注重詞的搭配與組合，它較多地強調選用恰當的詞，以利于對情景作出合乎邏輯的判斷。同時也就把其它三個作為干擾項的選擇項排除掉了。最后復讀一篇全文，就會語感流暢，句意明確。這兒舉例的目的是想說明，我從一個較高的立意來對中考題型，特別是完形、閱讀等，進行分析、探

7、討，借以使同學們獲得較為完整的解題思路和解題方法。詞匯（一）這一講里，主要幫助同學們掌握名詞、冠詞、數詞的用法，特別是針對同學不易掌握的方面。一、名詞 關于名詞，我們必須掌握名詞的數，名詞的格。單數可用a、an來修飾可數名詞單數，在元音發(fā)音開頭的單詞前用an,而不是a數的構成方法：（1） 一般在復數名詞后加s,如：dog-dogs 0以 s、 x、 ch 、 sh 結尾的名詞加es ，如：watch-watches 。以輔音字母加y 結尾的名詞， 變 y 為 i 加 es， 如： country-countries請區(qū)別： 如果是元音字母加 y 結尾的名詞， 則只須加 s。 如： monkey

8、-monkeys。以 o 結尾的名詞，只有potato（ 土豆 ） ， tomato（ 西紅柿 ） 加 es 構成復數。 以f、fe結尾的名詞，變 f、fe為v再加es, 如：knife-knives 。2. 單復數形式相同的詞：sheep-sheep ，fish-fishChinese-ChineseJapanese-Japanese特殊變化的單詞有：（1）tooth-teeth， foot-feeth（2）man-men ， woman-women， policeman-policemen,Frenchman-Frenchmen請區(qū)別：German（德國人）-Germans（3）child

9、 -children常以復數形式出現的名詞： people（ 人） ， clothes（ 衣服 ） ， trousers（ 褲子 ） glasses（ 眼鏡 ） , 這些名詞作主語時，同學們應特別注意它們的謂語，用復數。如： My clothes are （be） newer than yours.有些名詞看似復數形式，實際上是單數。這一點是同學不易掌握的，應特別加以記憶。如：news（消息），maths（數學），physics（物理）No news is good news.可用 how many， many， a few ， few ， a lot of ， lots of ， some，

10、 any 等來修飾可數名詞復數。 How many are there in your pencil-box（knife）不可數名詞：1.常見的不可數名詞有：water, rice , fish , meat,等。應特別記medicine,news,work,homework,housework,money,chalk,weather,cotton,woo d.不可數名詞無復數，作主語時?？闯蓡螖怠Ｈ纾?Some breadoverthere.（be）常用 how much,much,a little,little,a lot of,some,any等來修飾不可數名詞。常用 a piece o

11、f,a cup of 等來表示不可數名詞的量。如要表達“兩片面包” 這樣的意義， bread 仍為不可數名詞， 不加 s ， 而 piece 則可加 s 。 即： twopiecesofbread請區(qū)別： 可數名詞也可用量來表示， 如： 三箱蘋果 three boxes of apples例： 1 、 These two pieces of bread over there.(be)2、 Could I have three ,please ？A.piece of bread B.piece of breads C.pieces of breadD.pieces of breads名詞的格 名

12、詞所有格的構成方法，在名詞后加“ s 。如：TomToms譯 為“的”，若遇上以s結尾的復數名詞，則在s后加“”即可。如：TeachersDay , twoweeksholiday ，而不以 s 結尾的復數名詞的所有格，仍按慣例加 s 。如：Childrens Day關于名詞所有格，應掌握以下幾點：1. 可用名詞所有格表示地點。如： myaunts 我姑姑家。 go to the doctors去醫(yī)生家。表示兩人共同擁有，在最后一個名詞后加 s 如： Lucy and Lilys 露西和莉莉的掌握詞組： a girl of five 一個五歲的女孩a friend of mine 我的 一個朋

13、友Kate,my B.Kates,mineeg;The white shirt is and blue one is . AC.Kate,mine D.Kates,my二、冠詞冠詞是詞匯中的基礎的，也是簡單的部分，所以同學們有必要掌握其基本用法，歸納起來，同學們應該掌握以下幾點： 1. 冠詞指不定冠詞 a,an 和定冠詞the不定冠詞 an 常用于元音發(fā)音開頭的詞前，如： an hour,an English car. 請區(qū)別： a useful machine指上文提到過的人或物，用定冠詞 the在世界上獨一無二的事物前用定冠詞 the. 如： the sun,the moon,the ea

14、rth定冠詞 the 用于序數詞前，表示方位的名詞和形容詞最高級前。如： thefirst,the best ,in the south在復數姓氏前加the,表示xx 一家人，?？闯蓮蛿怠Ｈ纾?The Browns are going to Shanghai for a holiday this summer.在介詞短語中常用定冠詞 the ，如： in the box ,behind the chair特別注意不能用定冠詞 the 的幾個方面：在節(jié)日、星期、月份、季節(jié)、年等詞前不用冠詞。如： in summer,in August請區(qū)別： in the spring of 1945. ( 這

15、里表示特指，故加 the)一日三餐和球類運動名不用冠詞。 如： have breakfast ,play football一些固定詞組中，如： go to bed ,go to school,by bus ,at night.在有些詞組中，有冠詞和無冠詞意思不同，請注意區(qū)別：in front of 在前面in the hospital在醫(yī)院里in the front of在范圍內的前部 in hospital ( 生病)住院練習 :Theres 800-metre-long road behind hospital.A.an,an B.a, a C.an, the D.a, the三、數詞同學

16、們首先應會讀會寫所有基數詞和序數詞，以及與數詞有關的鐘點表達法。對數詞的考查，中考常采用單選題及聽力題，這些題型歸納起來，應掌握以下幾點特別容易出錯的地方。1. 基數詞變序數詞。其規(guī)律為：1,2,3 特殊記，加th 從 4 起 (first,second,third,fourth)8 少 t ， 9 去 e ，千萬別忘記(eighth,ninth)逢 5 逢 12 ， ve 變 f(fifth,twelfth)20 到 90， y 要變 ie (twentieth,ninetieth)若是幾十幾，前基后序別倒位 (ninety-first).hundred,thousand,million 在

17、構成具體的數字時用單數形式。 如： fivehundred people. 只有在表達籠統(tǒng)的多數時才加 s ，構成復數形式。hundreds of 數以百計的，成百上千的 thousands of 數以千計的，成千上萬的millions of 數百萬的 這些詞組前不能用具體數字。. 序數詞常與定冠詞 the 連用。練習 : Henry has learned eight French words this year.A.hundred B.hundreds C.hundred of D.hundreds of The lesson is the most difficult one in Bo

18、ok Two. （twenty）另外，同學們還應掌握與數詞有關的鐘點表達法。順讀法 （鐘點分鐘 ） 如： 4:30 four thirty 4:45 four forty-five4:15 four fifteen倒讀法 （ 分鐘 to past 鐘點 ） 如： 4:30 half past four4:15 fifteen past four a quarter past four 4:45 fifteen to fivea quarter to five練習題 :.At the beginning of the(twenty) century,the worlds populationwa

19、s about 1700 million.Are these(watch)yours Yes.You dont look well.Youd better go to the(doctor) at once.Would you give me,pleaseA.two papers B.two piece of paper C.two pieces of paper D.twopieces of papers.There are threeand sevenin the picture.A.monkeys,sheepsB.monkeys,sheepC.monkies,sheepD.monkies

20、,sheeps.A lot ofare talking with two.A.Germans,Frenchmans B.Germen,Frenchmans C.German, FrenchmenD.Germans,Frenchmen.June 1 is _.A.the Childrens Day B.the Childrens DayC.Childrens Day D.Childrens Day.people went out to see what had happened.A.Thousands of B.Three thousand ofC.Thousand of D.Three tho

21、usands.We have been in the school for.A.three and a half month B.three and a half monthsC.three month and a halfD.three months and half.English is useful language. A.A, an B./,a C.The, an D. A, /.John was given orange bag for his birthday but bag waslost just now.A.an,a B.a,the C.the,a D.an,the.Ther

22、es old tree near house. A.a,an B.an,theC.a,the D.the,a.There is 800-metre-long road behind 四. 代詞人稱代詞 :主格 : 單數 I 、 you 、 he 、 she 、 it 復數 we 、 you 、they賓格 : 單數 me 、 you 、 him 、 her 、 it 復數 us 、 you 、 them物主代詞: 形容詞性 my 、 your 、 his 、 her 、 its 、 our 、 your 、 their名詞性mine 、 yours 、 his 、 hers 、 its 、 o

23、urs 、 yours 、 theirs 反 身 代 詞 :myself、 yourself、 himself、 herself 、 itself 、ourselves 、 yourselves 、 themselves形容詞性物主代詞在句中只能作定語，相當于一個形容詞，名詞性物主代詞在句中可作表語、主語和賓語，相當于一個名詞。注意名詞性物主代詞在句中所指代的關系 , 是單數還是復數。如：（1） These books arent ours. Ours are new.（這里 ours=our books） This is not our room. Ours is over there. （

24、 這里 ours=our room）他的一個妹妹of+ 名詞性物主代詞表示所屬 如： a sister of his friend of mine 我的一個朋友人稱代詞在并列使用時的順序為： “第二人稱，第三人稱，第一人稱” 。如： You, she and I all enjoy the music.關于反身代詞，同學們須掌握其固定結構：enjoy oneself=have a good time （ 過得很愉快） by oneself=alone （ 單獨、獨自 ）help oneself to （隨便吃/喝 些）learn sth. byoneself =teach oneself st

25、h. （ 自學 ）練習題.-Whose trousers are these -, I think.A.They B.Their C.Theirs D.Them. Nobody taught_English. He taught. A.him, himself B.his,himself C.him, by himself D.his, his（二） 修飾可數名詞 many few 表否定意義a few 表肯定意義修飾不數名詞much little 表否定意義a little 表肯定意義few 和little 與 quite 或 only 連用時，常加不定冠詞 a. 如 :There are

26、quite a few new books in the library.=用 little, a little, few, a few填空 :1.I often stay at home because I have friends here.Jim,dont go and get some water. There is water in the glass.Though he learned French only weeks. He can speak very well.Lily had bread because she was hungry yesterday.（三）不定代詞 :

27、 something, anything, nothing.當形容詞修飾這三個不定代詞時，常后置。 如： something newTheres in todays newspaper. 中考題A.important anything B.important something C.anything importantD.something important（ 四） 另外，還要注意代詞 some, every, all, both, either, anotherI.some （一些，某）一般用于肯定句中注：some有時也可用于表示請求的疑問句中。any （任何） 多用于疑問句和否定句 Wi

28、ll you give me some water Would you like some meat May I ask some questions Could I have some apples.every 單數名詞 “每一個” 強調共性，作定語, 形式上為單數。each “每一個” 強調個性，作定語、主語、賓語和同位語，常與 of 連用。如 : Each student was asked to try again. Each of them has a nice skirt.Every child likes playing games.all “（全部 ）都” 表示三者或三者以上，

29、作同位語時，一般放在連系、助動詞之后，行為動詞之前。none “沒有”表示三者或三者以上都不，后常跟介詞 of如： We are all from Canada. = All of us are from Canada.None of us is/are afraid of dogs. （單、復數均可）.both “（兩者）都” , 作主語時，看作復數；作定語時，后跟名詞復數。either“兩者中任何一個”作主語時，謂語用第三人稱單數; 作定語時，后跟名詞單數。neither(兩者)都不”，含有否定意義，用法同 either 。如： They both swim well. =Both of

30、them swim well.There are trees on both sides of the street. = There are trees on either side of the street.Neither of us is going to Beijing next week.Neither answer is right.another +單數名詞，“另一個”one the other 一個，另一個”the other + 復數名詞=the others其他的人或物”(指確定范圍內剩下的全部)others “別人”(五)疑問代詞 5 個 “wh” , 即 who, w

31、hose, whom, what, which這里，which是同學們不易掌握的內容，其實，同學們只須記住，對作定語的 內容提問，常用which.例如：I like the red shirt.do you like練習：一、根據所給單詞的適當形式填空，使句意通順，語法完整Can you come with us (we)These skirts are hers . Yours are over there.(she)Please take care of yourselves , boys and girls.(you)I dont think this is myfrisby, thou

32、gh it looks like mine .(I)10. Look atthose books. Are they yours(that)二、根據首字母填空Is there anything interesting in the newspaperShe asked us to help each other.The old man can neither read nor write.Nothing is difficult if you put your heart into it.Please help yourself to some fish, Lucy.三、同義句轉換A: The

33、 children played happily in the zoo yesterday.B: The children enjoyed themselves in the zoo yesterday.17、A: He doesnt like mutton, and she doesnt, either.B:Neither he nor she likes mutton.18、A: All the American people dont like sandwiches.B:Not all the American people like sandwiches.19、A: They dont

34、 often hear the twins sing the song in the school.B:Neither of the twins is often heard tosing thesong in the school.ZK)四、單項選擇(C)20、-Can you speak Chinese, Peter-Yes, but only . A. little B. few C. a little D. a few(A)21、-Do you like Janes new skirt-Yes, very much. Ill ask mum to buy for me.A. one B

35、. it C. the other D. a(B)22、The color of her skirt is different from of mine. A. one B. that C. it D. this(B)23、Students are usually interested in sports. Somelike running, some like swimming. like ball games.A. the others B. others C. the other D. other(A)24、-Ill give the boys to eat.-Oh, I know, f

36、ish and chips.A. something English B. English something C. anything English D.English anything(D)25、-Shall I help you with the heavy box-No, thanks, I can do it . A. me B. my C. mine D. myself(D)26、-What time shall we meet this afternoon,3:00 or 4:00-I dont mind. time is OK.A. Neither B. Each C. Any

37、 D. Either(C)27、-My bag is full, what about - is full, too.A. you, Yours B. his, He C. yours, Mine D. hers, She (D)28、-Ive had enough bread, Would you like-No, thanks.A. a few more B. one more C. another more D. some more(A)29、There are many trees on sides of the river.A. both B. either C. neither D

38、. each(A)1、He has two bikes, one is new, is 01d.A. the other B. other C. the others D. others(C)2、Without the sun, could grow in the world.A. anything B. something C. nothing D. everything(B)3、 of them is going to play basketball with you this afternoon.A. All B. Neither C. Some D. Both(B)4、-Can you

39、 tell me what a panda looks like-Look! This is a picture of . A. it B. one C. two D. some(B)5、There are not many pears here, but you can take if you want to.A. few B. a few C. a little D. little五、形容詞副詞大多數的形容詞、副詞都有三個等級：原級：比較級： 比較.，更.一些最高級：最(A) 1.構成：(規(guī)則情況)情況變化方法例詞單音節(jié)詞和少數雙音節(jié)詞：般情況 力口 er, est clever-clev

40、erer-clevereste 結尾 加 r, st nice-nicer-nicest重讀閉音節(jié)、末尾只有一個輔音字母時雙寫加 er, est big-bigger-biggest以輔音字母加y 結尾 變 y 為 i 加 er, est early-earlier-earliest部分雙音節(jié)和多音節(jié)詞 在詞前加more, most slowly-more slowly-mostslowly2. 不 規(guī) 則 變 化 ， 須 熟 記 ： good/well-better-best many/much-more-most far-farther-farthestbad/badly/ill-wors

41、e-worst little-less-least(B) 常見的使用情況.asas 和 一樣(中間用原級).not as(so) as和 不一樣(中間用原級)3than .比(用比較級)有范圍修飾的用最高級如 :in, of, among 或用從句修飾的eg. Winter is the coldest season of the year. This is the best film that I have ever seen .比較級+and+比較級 意為“越來越.eg: wetter and wetter more and more beautifulThe+比較級，the+比較級 越

42、就越 . eg:The more, the better.越多越好(C) 注意點： 1. 形容詞最高級前一定要用 the, 副詞最高級前可省略。可用 much, a little, even, still等修飾比較級。3.在比較級中為了避免重復，在than 后常用 one,that,those 等詞來替代前面提到過的名詞。eg:The weather here is warmer than that of Shanghai.(D) 掌握三種同義句轉換：.He is taller than any other student in his class. =He is the tallest(st

43、udent)in his class.This film is less interesting than that one. =This film isnt as interesting as that one.=That film is more interesting than this one.3.I prefer maths to English. =I like maths better than English.Which do you like , fish, meat eggs A.best, or B.better,orC.best, and D.better,and此外，

44、關于形容詞、副詞的內容同學們還須掌握：1. 形容詞修飾名詞作定語，跟在連系動詞之后作表語。.副詞修飾動詞、形容詞或其它副詞enough屬例外詞：形/副+enough todo enough+ 名詞例如 ;She is old enough to go to school.她夠上學的年齡了。. 區(qū)別幾組易混淆的副詞: 也 too 用于肯定、疑問句 also 較為正式書面語either 用于否定句 已經 already 常用于肯定句、疑問句 yet 常用于否定句、疑問句不再 no (not any) longer 從時間上講no (not any) more 從動作上講如此這樣 such 修飾名詞

45、 eg: such a big boxso 修飾形容詞、副詞 eg: so big單獨、獨自 alone 作表語 =byoneself 孤獨的 lonely 可作表語、定語eg:A group of girls are singingand dancing over there. （happy）練習題.The students are having a good time in the park. Some are drawing bythe lake. _ are climbing the hill.A.Others B. Other C. Another D.The other.There

46、 isnt in todays newspaper.A. important something B. important anything C. anything importantD. nothing important3.-Whose watch is this, Mary Is it your sisters-No,Mum. Its not . Its . A.hers, my B. her, my C. Mine,hers D.hers, minehe Changjiang River is the third _ river in the world. A.long B.longe

47、r C.longest D.the longestAn elephant is than a horse.A.more strong B. much stronger C. the most strong D. muchmore strongWhich do you like , tea, orange or water A.good B.Well C.Better D. Best六、介詞與形容詞搭配的詞組有： be afraid of （怕） be angry with （生某人的氣）（與不同）be away from （不在某地） be different frombe good at（善

48、于） be good/ bad for （對有益/有害） be interestedin（對感興趣）be late for（遲到）be/get ready for（為作好準備）be sure of （對有把握）be worried about（為感至 U擔/優(yōu)）介詞后常用人稱代詞賓格和動詞 -ing 形式1）You must take good care of her. 2）Thank you for teaching us so well.幾組易混淆的介詞A “在 . 之后” in + 一段時間（用于一般將來時）after + 一段時間（用于一般過去時） after + 一點時間（常用于一般

49、將來時）如： The baby stopped crying after half an hour.The baby will stop crying in half an hour. They will visit theirteacher after Friday.B for + 一段時間 since + 過去的一點時間這兩者均用于現在完成時，具體在時態(tài)部分，我會繼續(xù)向同學們講解。C. be madeof 用制成be madein 由某地制造 be madeby somebody“由某人制成”D in, on, at 表時間 in “在某月 （季節(jié)、年） 等” eg:in 1996, in

50、 January,in summer固定詞組： in the morning, in a week,in a minute,in time, in the endon 用于指具體的某一天或專指某一天上午、下午或晚上等eg:on Christmas Day, on the night of February 16at“用于具體時刻前和某些固定詞組中”固定詞組： at seven, at the moment, at night, at last, at first, atnoon, at times, at once, at this time of the year, at the begin

51、ning of, at the end of this month, at the same time注意：在表時間里，下列情況下一般不用介詞。詞組里有： next, last, this, that, tomorrow, yesterday, one, every, all 以及 the day before yesterday 和 the day after tomorrow前不用介詞。 如 : 不能說 in tomorrow , 只能說 tomorrow 在明天E. except + 賓格/doing something 除之外”（不包括本身）Everyone is at school

52、today except Lin Tao. （ 同義句轉換） =Only Lin Taoisnt at school today.F “用” 通過交通工具by plane用語言 in English 通過媒介 on /over the telephone, on /over the radio, on TV用工具手段with a pen, with ones handsG between “在 和 （兩者）之間”between.and., between the two. among在 . 之間 （ 三者或三者以上）eg.Sue spent over two hours _ her homew

53、ork yesterday evening. A.onB.with C.at D.over七、連詞.并列連詞both and既又謂語用復數動詞neither nor既不也不含否定意義，（就近原則）謂語動詞由靠近它的那個主語來決定單復數。eitheror或者或者”and “和” 連接兩個并列成分, 連接謂語時 , 兩個動詞時態(tài)應一致。but “但是” 表轉折，不能與though 同時出現在句中。or “或者” 在否定句中， 并列句中的列舉常用 or ， 而不用 and 。 Eg: I have brothers and sisters.（ 否） I dont have brothers or s

54、isters.= I have no brothers and no sisters.引導賓語從句的連詞陳述句： that 可省略 一般疑問句： if /whether “是否” 特殊疑問句：特殊疑問詞引導原因狀從的有： because （ 不能與 so 同時出現在句中 ）引導時間狀語從句的連詞：when （當時候），as soon as（一就），not until（直至U才），after（在之后），引導的主從復合句，主句為一般將來時，從句則用一般現在時來代替一般將來時。 Eg: I wont leave until he comes back.since （自從以來）引導的主從復合句，主句為

55、現在完成時，從句用一般過去時。 Eg ： We havent met each other since she left here last year.while （當時候，一邊一邊）它引導的時間狀語從句常用進行時態(tài)。Eg: My father came in while I was doing my homework.5 引導條件狀語從句的連詞： if “如果” ，引導條件狀從，主句用一般將來時，從句則用一般現在時。請區(qū)別于 if “是否”相當于whether ，引導賓語從句，時態(tài)根據語境確定eg:1）I dont know if it （rain） tomorrow.2)If it(rai

56、n) tomorrow, I(not climb) the hills.3)Joan and Mary havent seen each other they left school fiveyears ago.A.as B.before C.after D.since八、構詞法構詞有法記無定法一、利用構詞法記憶：. 合成法： note + booQ notebook , school + yard f schoolyard , book+ mark f bookmark.派生法(即在詞根上加前、后綴記憶)：en (使有)+ courage encourage ; inter (one wit

57、h another ; faceto face) + view f interview ; foreign +er (人)f foreigner , play +er (執(zhí) 行動作的人)f player , sharpen + er (執(zhí)行動作的物)f sharpener ; library + (yf i ) an(人)f li brarian ； miss (v.) + ing f missing (adj .), probable(adj .) + (l ) yfprobably (adv.), sad (adj .) +ly fsadly (adv.); compose (v.) +

58、(eT ”ion f composition (n.), inform (v.) + (a”ion f information (n.).轉化法： know (v.) f knowledge (n.)二、意義關聯(lián)幫你記憶：kitchen -cookdictionary words, umbrella rain , library bookshelf ,三、英英解釋，溫故知新：abroad in or to another country , overseas ; interview meeting with sb. 說說記憶單詞的方法詞是構成句子的重要元素，詞匯量的多少在英語學習中占有重要地位

59、。今天我 們講講怎樣記憶單詞。一、把單詞放入句子中，在一定的語言環(huán)境中記憶單詞。如果一旦忘記詞義， 就回憶它所在的句子。很多成績較好的同學都有一個體會，抓住對句子的理解 和背誦這樣一個關鍵，記憶單詞一般來說是毫不費力的。二、將單詞按歸類的方法進行記憶。把同義詞歸成一類，如 learn study, between among 反義詞歸成一類， 如 leftright , highlow, strongweak；或根據含義和用途把同一類型的t歸成一類，如交通工具類： car, bus, ship , plane , truck ,學科類： maths, science , art , geogr

60、a phy, 頻度副詞類： always , usually , often , sometimes, never , 等等。這樣當 遇到其中一個詞時，頭腦中出現的就是一組詞，這樣記憶單詞的效率就會大大 提高。同時，還可以掌握詞與詞之間的區(qū)別和各自特殊的用法，將平時極易混 淆的單詞清楚地區(qū)別開來。三、利用構詞法記憶單詞。比如 happy （幸福的），加前綴“ un”成為unhappy （不幸福的），改“ y”為“ i ”加后綴“ ness”則變成了名詞：happiness （幸 福）；“pea （豌豆）”與“nut （堅果）”可合成為“ peanut （花生） ；when （何 時）+ eve