Diabetes糖尿病英文ppt培訓(xùn)課件

1、Diabetes糖尿病英文醫(yī)療課件2022/8/25 Terminology 2Combining form prefix and suffixmeaningterminologymeaningaden/ogland腺adenitisadenomaadenopathy腺炎腺瘤腺病crin/osecrete分泌endocrinologyhypercrinecrinogenic內(nèi)分泌學(xué)內(nèi)分泌機(jī)能亢進(jìn)的促分泌的hormon/ohormone激素hormonalhormonogenesishormonology激素的，激素性激素生成內(nèi)分泌學(xué)adren/oadrenal glands腎上腺adrenit

2、isadrenolyticadrenopathy腎上腺炎抗腎上腺素的腎上腺病2022/8/25 Terminology 3Combining form prefix and suffixmeaningterminologymeaningpancreat/opancreas胰腺pancreaticpancreatinpancreatogram胰腺，胰臟的胰酶胰造影攝片gluc/osugar糖glucagonglucogenesisglucolysis胰高血糖素葡萄糖生成糖酵解glyc/osugar糖glycopeniaglycosuriahyperglycemia低糖，糖過少糖尿高血糖癥insu

3、lin/oinsulin胰島素insulinaseinsulomahyperinsulinism胰島素酶胰島素瘤高胰島素血癥2022/8/25 Terminology 4Combining form prefix and suffixmeaningterminologymeaningendo-within內(nèi)endodermendoscopeendoplasm內(nèi)胚層內(nèi)鏡內(nèi)質(zhì)thyroid/othyroid甲狀腺thyroiditisthyroidectomyhypothyroidism甲狀腺炎甲狀腺切除術(shù)甲狀腺功能減退ovari/oovary卵巢ovariotomyovaritisovariop

4、athy卵巢切開術(shù)卵巢炎卵巢病-trophicnutrition,growth,nourishment營(yíng)養(yǎng)（的）neurotrophicthymotrophicadrenotrophic神經(jīng)營(yíng)養(yǎng)性的促胸腺的促腎上腺的01 Brief Introduction02 Classification03The major factors 04Pathogenesis 05Clinical Manifestations06 Complications07Diagnosis08Antidiastole09 Therapy contentsFigure1：Main symptom of diabetes6D

5、iabetes mellitus, or simplydiabetes, is a group of metabolic diseases in which a person has highblood sugar, either because the pancreasdoes not produce enoughinsulin, or because cells do not respond to the insulin that is produced.This high blood sugar produces the classical symptoms ofpolyuria(fre

6、quent urination),polydipsia(increased thirst), andpolyphagia(increased hunger). 01 Brief Introduction702 Classification 2.1Type 1 diabetes The pancreas undergoes an autoimmune attack by the body itself,and is rendered incapable of making insulin.Abnormal antibodies have been found in the majority of

7、 patients with type1 diabetes.Antibodies are proteins in the blood that are part of the bodys immune system,the patient with type1 diabetes must rely on insulin medication for survival.02 Classification 2.2Type 2 diabetes It previously referred to as non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus,or adult

8、onset diabetes mellitus.patients can still produce insulin,but do so relatively inadequately for their bodys needs,particularly in the face of insulin resistance as discussed above.In many cases this actually means the pancreas produces larger than normal quantities of insulin.A major feature of typ

9、e2 diabetes is a lack of sensitivity to insulin by the cells of the body.02 Classification 2.3 Other type of diabetes gestational diabetes,occurs when pregnant women without a previous diagnosis of diabetes develop a high blood glucose level. It may precede development of type 2 DM.Other forms of di

10、abetes mellitus include congenital diabetes, which is due togeneticdefects of insulin secretion,cystic fibrosis-related diabetes, steroid diabetes induced by high doses ofglucocorticoids, and several forms ofmonogenic diabetes.2022/8/25meta-變化的metabolism n.新陳代謝 metabolite n.代謝物 metabolize v.使新陳代謝 me

11、tabolic adj.變化的，新陳代謝的 poly- 多的，多個(gè)的，聚合的 polydipsia 多飲 polyuria 多尿 polyphagia 多食 Word Analysis2022/8/25uri- 尿的，與尿有關(guān)的 urine n.尿polyuria 多尿uric adj. 尿的 urinal n.尿壺 urinate v.小便 urination n.排尿 glucosuria 糖尿 Word Analysis2022/8/25Birth weight:FatIrregular menses (menstruation)InflammationObesity and a sed

12、entary lifestyleSmokingMetabolic syndrome 03The major factors03The major factors 3.1 Birth weight There is a relationship between birth weight and developing diabetes.The higher the birth weight the higher the risk of type 2 diabetes. At the other end of the spectrum , a very high birth weight (over

13、 8.8 pounds or 4 kg) also is associated with an increased risk. Additionally, mothers of infants who had a higher birth weight (over 9 pounds) are at increased risk for developing diabetes.03The major factors 3.2 Fat The distribution of fat is important. The classic pear shape person (smaller waist

14、than hips) has a lower risk of developing diabetes than the apple shape person (larger around the waist). The exact reason for this difference is unknown, but it is thought to have something to do with the metabolic activity of the fat tissue in different areas of the body.03The major factors 3.3 Ir

15、regular menses (menstruation) There is an association between the lengthening of the menstrual cycle and the risk for developing diabetes, particularly in obese women.those who had a cycle length of greater than 40 days were twice as likely to develop diabetes than those who cycled every 26 to 31 da

16、ys. The association is thought to be linked with polycystic ovarian syndrome(PCOS) which is also known to be associated with insulin resistance. Insulin resistance may be a precursor for type 2 diabetes.03The major factors 3.4 inflammation In recent years we have begun to understand the importance o

17、f inflammation and heart disease. We now know that inflammation may play an important role in the development of diabetes as well. An inflammation marker known as C-reactive protein has been shown to be increased in women at risk for developing the metabolic syndrome, and in both men and women at ri

18、sk for developing type 2 diabetes.03The major factors 3.5 Obesity and a sedentary lifestyle Obesity and a sedentary lifestyle are the biggest risk factors that are controllable.This is in part due to the fact that obesity increases the bodys resistance to insulin. Studies have shown that reversal of

19、 obesity through weight reduction improves insulin sensitivity and regulation of blood sugar.03The major factors 3.6 smoking Smoking is harmful in many ways including increasing the risk of cancer and heart disease. It also increases the risk of developing type 2 diabetes.2022/8/25men/o 與月經(jīng)有關(guān)的menstr

20、uation n. 月經(jīng)menstrual adj.月經(jīng)的dysmenorrhea n. menstrual painamenorrhea/Menopause n. no menstruation metr/o 子宮 metrorrhagia n.uterine bleedingmetrostaxis n.Small uterine bleeding Word Analysis2022/8/25metabolic 代謝的metabolic syndrome 代謝綜合征lipid metabolism 脂代謝glucose metabolism 糖代謝metabolic acidosis 代謝性

21、酸中毒basal metabolic rate 基礎(chǔ)代謝率precursor: prodromal symptoms of diseaseC-reactive protein：It is a sharply rised protein，when tissues injury and infect. Word Analysis04 Pathogenesis4.1 The Pathogenesis of Type 1 Is related to genetic factors, environmental factors and autoimmunity 1）genetic predisposit

22、ion 2）start autoimmune response 3）immumological abnormalities 4）progressive loss of islet B cell function 5) clinical diabetes 6）islet B cells destroyed,diabetes clinical manifestations04 Pathogenesis4.2 The Pathogenesis of Type 2 Its occurrence and development can be divided into four stages1 ）Gene

23、tic susceptibility2） Hyperinsulinism, and/or insulin resistance3 ）Glucotoxicity(糖尿病毒性),lipotoxicity(脂毒性)4 ）Clinical diabetes2022/8/25immune 免疫autoimmunity 自身免疫immumological 免疫學(xué)的hyper- 高Hyperinsulinism 高胰島素癥Hyperglycemia 高血糖toxic 毒的，中毒的，有毒的Glucotoxicity 糖尿病毒性lipotoxicity 脂毒性 Word Analysis05 Clinical

24、Manifestations 5.1 Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus Polyuria Polydipsia Polyphagia Weight loss05 Clinical Manifestations 5.2 Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Non-specific symptoms Fatigue Recurrent infections Prolonged wound healing Visual changes2022/8/25proteolysis蛋白質(zhì)水解 lipolysis脂類分解 arthrolysis關(guān)節(jié)松解術(shù)-lysis松解術(shù)，分解，

25、溶解 prote-蛋白質(zhì) lipo-脂肪的 arthro-關(guān)節(jié) Word Analysis06 Complications6.1 Diabetic Ketoacidosis(DKA) It is the most common acute complication of diabetes mellitus. The early manifestations of DKA is that the symptoms being more serve ,such as polydipsia、polyuria、polyphagia and so on.The DKA is characterized

26、by different degrees of disturbance consciousness in the advanced stage.06 Complications6.2 Hyperglycemic hyperosmolar status (HHS) Main clinical features:hyperglycemia crisis(高血糖危象),higher plasma osmotic pressure(高血漿滲透壓),dehydration(脫水). Minor clinical manifestation:varying degrees of disturbance c

27、onsciousness or coma ,unconspicuous DKA.06 Complications6.3 Infectious complications Pyogenic inflammation : furuncle,carbuncle,pustule,etc.Fungal infection: tinea pedis ,tinea corporis,etc. Pulmonary tuberculosisFigure2： Infectious complications 06 Complications6.4 Macroangiopathy : The main histop

28、athological change is atherosclerosis (AS).It is most like to accompany with aorta,coronary artery,cerebral artery,renal artery , peripheral artery ,etc.The AS leads to ischemic changes of heart ,brain,kidneys and limbs. 06 Complications6.5 Microangiopathy It is the specific complications of DM.Its

29、typical histopathological changes are microcirculation disturbances and the thickness of basal membrane of vessel. The microangiopathy most like to affects retina, nerves，nephridium, and myocardium 06 Complications6.6 Neurological complications: 1)central nervous system complication(CNSC): altered m

30、ental status,ischemic stroke,senile dementia. 2)peripheral neuropathy: paresthesia , decreased of muscle,areflexia 3)autonomic neuropathy: gastroparesis, diarrhea,astriction,abnormal sweating.06 Complications6.7 Diabetic foot Related to distal lower neurological disorder and different levels periphe

31、ral vascular disease. Symptoms of light: foot abnormal,skin cold,high-risk foot Severe symptoms:foot ulcer,necrosis Diabetic foot is the main reason of disability and amputation06 Complications6.8 Other diseases eye complications：such as retinal macular disease , cataracts ,glaucoma , Iridocyclitis

32、skin lesions : like Skin infections,skin itch,chapped skin, rash.Figure4： skin lesions Figure3： eye complications2022/8/25Macroangiopathy 大血管病變 macro- large micro- small angi- arteries 動(dòng)脈血管 -pathy the suffix of“diseases”Athersclerosis 動(dòng)脈粥樣硬化 ather/o plaque of fatty substance 動(dòng)脈粥樣 -sclerosis hardenin

33、g硬化 Word Analysis2022/8/25Peripheral angiopathy 周圍血管病 Peri- surrounding 周 angi- means vessel -pathy means diseaseNeurological 神經(jīng)病學(xué)的 Neur- means nerve -ological discipline 學(xué)科的Dementia 癡呆 De 脫，去，減，除，離 -mentia spirit Word Analysis07 diagnosisFasting blood glucose greater than or equal to 7 mmol / L .Tw

34、o hours postprandial blood glucose greater than or equal to 11.1 mmol / L3) The symptoms of diabetes and any time plasmatic glucose greater than or equal to 11.1 mmol / L07 diagnosis7.1 Type 1 diabetes mellitus1.The age of onset is young, the age 30 years old.2.The symptoms come on abruptly3.The sym

35、ptoms of Polydipsia, Polyphagia and Polyuria are obvious.4.The blood glucose level is high, and many patients with ketosis acid toxic as the first symptom. Low serum level of insulin and The low level of C peptide07 diagnosis7.2 Type 2 diabetes mellitus The common in the elderly, high incidence of o

36、besity,often accompanied by hypertension, dyslipidemia , atherosclerosis and other diseases.Insidious onset,has no early symptoms, or only mild fatigue, thirst, hyperglycemia is not obvious. Glucose tolerance test to confirm the diagnosisSerum insulin level in early normal or increased, The advanced

37、 is low2022/8/25Plasmatic 血漿的plasm-血漿 -atic 性質(zhì)的Dyslipidemia 血脂異常dys-不良的，困難 lip-脂肪的 -emia血癥Gluc(o) 葡萄糖 glucagon 胰高血糖素 glucokinase 葡萄糖激酶glucocorticoids 糖皮質(zhì)激素 enteroglucagon 腸高血糖素 Word Analysis08 Antidiastole8.1 Liver diseases:Liver cirrhosis patients often have abnormal glucose metabolism, the fasting

38、 blood glucose of the typical patient is normal or low, postprandial blood glucose rise rapidly. The duration of the elderly , the fasting plasma glucosecan also be elevated.2022/8/25Diabets health educationMedical nutrition therapyCondition monitoringDrugs therapy09 Therapy09 Therapy9.1 Medical nut

39、rition therapyCalculate the total quantity of heat; Nutrient content; Reasonable distribution; Follow-up09 Therapy9.2 condition monitoring Regular checks blood sugar to adjust the treatment planProper exercise regularlyEvery year or two comprehensive review, complications,early detection and treatment09 Therapy9.3 Diabets health education Medicai staff adhere to follow up,acco