仁愛英語中考復(fù)習(xí)冠詞用法中考冠詞考點(diǎn).鞏固練習(xí)

1、2015 年中考復(fù)習(xí)冠詞篇專題冠詞知識(shí)概要冠詞在英語中只有 3個(gè)詞，分為兩類：不定冠詞 a與an,定冠詞the。a用在以輔音開始的單數(shù)名詞前，an用于以元音開始的單詞前。不定冠詞用來表示一類事物中泛指的某一事物，而定冠詞則用于特指的某一個(gè)或某些事物， 可用于不可數(shù)名詞、可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)及可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)前。、不定冠詞的用法（a/an）基本用法例句1.在敘述時(shí)用于第一次提到的某人或某 物This is a book.這世-本書。2.泛指人或事物的某一類別，以區(qū)別于 其他不恢A plane is a machine that can fly.飛機(jī)是一種能飛的機(jī)器。3.泛指某人或某物A girl is wa

2、iting for you.有個(gè)女孩在等你。4.用于表示時(shí)間、速度、價(jià)格等意義的 名詞之前，有“每一”的意思，相當(dāng)于everytwo kilometers an hour 每小時(shí)兩T 米 five lessons a week一星期五節(jié)課 twice a month 一個(gè)月兩次5.用在某些物質(zhì)名詞或抽象名詞前，表 示“一陣，一份，一類，一場”There is a strong wind in South China.在華南地區(qū)將有一股強(qiáng)風(fēng)。6. have/take+a+ 抽象名詞”與該名詞 的動(dòng)詞同義have a swim=swim have a walk=walk have a talk=

3、talk have a look= lookhave a dance=dance have a drink=drink have a rest= rest7.用于某些固定詞組中a few/a little/a bit 一點(diǎn)兒have a cold 感冒have a good time玩得圖興，過得愉快live a life過著 生活in a hurry 匆忙for a while 過了一會(huì)兒a great many 許多a number of 許多make a face 做鬼臉7.用于口視為一體的兩個(gè)名詞前a knife and a fork 一副刀叉、定冠詞的用法(the)1.表示雙方都知道

4、的或事物Give me the book, please.請(qǐng)給我那本書。2.表示特指或者上文已提到過的人或事 物I have a book. The book is very interesting.我有一本書。這本書很有趣。3.表示世界上獨(dú)一無二的事物The earth moves around the sun.地球繞著太陽轉(zhuǎn)。4.用在序數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級(jí)前面，以 及對(duì)兩個(gè)人或事物進(jìn)行比較時(shí)起特指作 用的比較級(jí)前The first lesson is very easy.第一課很簡單。He is the taller of the two boys.他是兩個(gè)男孩中較局的一個(gè)。She is t

5、he most careful student in my class.她是我們班最認(rèn)真的學(xué)生。5.用于姓氏的復(fù)數(shù)形式表亡家人或夫 妻倆The Greens are watching TV now.格林一家人現(xiàn)在止在看電視。6.用在單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前，表十類人或 事物The orange is orange.橘子是橘黃色的。7.用于江河、海洋、山脈、群島、沙漠等 專有名詞前，或由普通名詞構(gòu)成的專有名 詞之前提示例外的情況：Mount Tai泰山China Daily The Great wall 長城The United States 美國The Summer Palace 頤和園8.與某些形容詞

6、連用表示一類人The rich should help the poor.富人應(yīng)該幫助窮人。9.用在表示方位或西洋樂器名稱的名詞 之前Jilin is in the north of China.吉林位于中國的北部。I like playing the piano.我喜歡彈鋼琴。10.用在固定詞組中in the morning/In the afternoon/In the evening在早晨/中午/晚上in the daytime 在白天in the end 最后all the time 一直at the same time 同時(shí)by the way順便說in the open air 在

7、戶外at the age of 在歲時(shí)at the beginning 在 開始時(shí)on the other side of 在 的另邊in the middle of 在中間江思：.當(dāng)je冠詞與all, half, both, double等詞連用修飾名詞時(shí)，je冠詞放在這些詞之 后。Look, all the books are here.瞧，所有的書都在在這兒。Both the boys are from Class 1, Grade 2.這兩個(gè)男孩都是二年級(jí)一班的。They walked half the journey.他們走了 旅程的 平。.當(dāng)定冠詞與表示倍數(shù)、分?jǐn)?shù)的詞連用時(shí)，需要放

8、在這詞之后。The bed is three times the size of that one這張床是那張床的 3 倍大。The rope is one third the length of that one.這根繩子是那根繩子的 1/3 長。三、零冠詞的用-不用冠詞的一些場合1.某些專有名詞，如人名、地名、國家、 物質(zhì)名詞、抽象名詞表示泛指時(shí)前面用 零冠詞China is a great country.Mary lives in New York.2.名詞前已經(jīng)有指示代詞、物主代詞、 不定代詞或名詞所有格等修飾時(shí)，不用 冠詞Every student likes English in

9、 our class.3.表示節(jié)日、日期、星期、月份、季節(jié) 的詞前面，但若特指某年的某月份或某 年的季節(jié)，則需要在月份、季節(jié)前面加June 1 is Childrens Day.Spring comes after winter.the4.稱呼或表示頭銜的名詞前This is Professor Li.Whats wrong, Granny?5.三餐、球類及學(xué)科名詞前（若三餐前用零冠詞，但如果三餐前后 形容詞修飾，則要用冠詞。）We all like English.After a quick breakfast, he went to work.6. “專有名詞+普通名詞構(gòu)成”的名稱Nanj

10、ing Road7.與by連用的交通工具名稱前By bus, by train8.公共節(jié)假日名稱之前New Years Day9.用在表特定的公園、街道、車站、學(xué) 校、橋等名詞前People s Park10.在一些成對(duì)出現(xiàn)的短語中arm in arm （手挽手）；hand in hand （手牽手）;side by side （肩對(duì)肩）;day and day （日日夜夜）;young and old （老老少少）;from door to door （挨門挨戶）;from beginning to end （從頭至U尾）;from morning till night （從早至U晚）四、需

11、要注意的一些問題1. a/an的使用的情況a用兀日曰系an用于輔音音素a good student個(gè)好學(xué)生a useful book 一本啟用的書/ju:sf?l /a university 一所大學(xué) /,ju:n?v?s?t? /a one-hour trip 一次一個(gè)小時(shí)的旅行 / w?n /an easy wayThere is anf in the wordHiv有一個(gè)“f”在5這個(gè)單詞里。an hour 一個(gè)小時(shí)/au?/an honest boy 一個(gè)誠實(shí)的男孩子/ q n?st/an umbrella 一把雨傘/?mbrel? /2.序數(shù)詞前面用定冠詞與不定冠詞的區(qū)別the+序數(shù)

12、詞表示“第幾”a+f數(shù)詞表示“又一，再一”The cake is delicious, and I would like a second one.蛋糕很好吃，我想再吃一塊。3.在句型“動(dòng)詞+人+介詞+the+人體部位”中要用the,而不用物主代詞動(dòng)詞人介詞the人體部 位含義takesb.bythehand抓住某人的手hitsb.onthehead打某人的頭patsb.ontheshoulder拍某人的肩heface打某人的臉4.名詞被其他詞修飾，不定冠詞 a或an的位置需要注意such/half/what/many + a鎧詞He left in such hurry t

13、hat he forgot to close the door.It took me half an hour to write the letter.What an interesting book it is!Many a man has gone to the big cities for work.許多人到大城市去打工。so/how/too+形容詞 +a/an+名詞She was so nice a girl that she took the bind man to the station.How nice a film this is!quite/ rather + a/an”容詞

14、+名詞a/an + very+形容詞+名詞quite a good book本有用的書rather a useful tool非常用用的工具a very interesting story 一個(gè)非常有趣的故事5.有定冠詞與無定冠詞的區(qū)別go to school上學(xué)（是學(xué)生）go to the school到學(xué)校去（不一定是學(xué)生）go to bed就寢，上床睡覺go to the bed向床邊走去，走到床關(guān)（不一定是睡覺）in hospital因病住院in the hospital在醫(yī)院里（不一定是病人）at table 吃飯at the table在桌子旁邊at school 在上學(xué)at th

15、e school在學(xué)校里in class 在上課in the class在班級(jí)里in future 今后in the future 將來in front of （外部的）前面in the front of （內(nèi)部的）前面next year 明年the next year 第二年by sea 乘船by the sea在海邊in bed （睡、病、躺）在床上in the bed （某物）在床上on earth 究竟on the earth在地球上take place 發(fā)生take the place 代替go to church 做禮拜go to the church 至 U 教堂去on hors

16、eback 騎著馬on the horse back 在馬背上two of us我們當(dāng)中的兩人the two of us我們兩人（共計(jì)兩人）out of question 毫無疑問out of the question不可能，不允許，不值得討論（二）正誤辨析誤 This building is an university.正 This building is a university.析a用于以輔音音素開始的單詞前，而an用于以元音音素開始的單詞前，而不是元音字母開頭的單詞前。university的第一個(gè)音素是j,所以用a而不要用an。又如：There is a n in the word.是

17、錯(cuò)句，應(yīng)為： There is an n in the word.因字母n的發(fā)音的第一個(gè)音素是元音。要 注意的還有hour因其第一個(gè)字母 h不發(fā)音，所以應(yīng)該用an hour。例如：I need an hour to finish the work.It is a useful dictionary. It is a European country. I bought a used car.正I need an umbrella because it looks like raining.誤I need a umbrella because it looks like raining.析因um

18、brella的第一個(gè)音素是元音，所以應(yīng)用an.常用的情況有：an old man, an Englishteacher, an elephant, an idea, an hour ago, an honest boy 。正 “Can you help meSorry. Im in a hurry.”誤 Can you help meSorry, Im in hurry.”析不定冠詞的主要用法如下：.用來表示一類人或事物，如： She is a teacher.指某一類人或事物中的一個(gè)，如： An elephant is bigger than a horse.泛指某人或事物，如： A man

19、 is waiting for you at the school gate.相當(dāng)于one”的概念，如：I just bought a new dictionary.其主要的難點(diǎn)是用在固定詞組中：如：have a walk/a rest /a look 又如：in a hurry 匆匆忙忙 make a face 作鬼臉do somebody a favour 幫某人忙 a number of =many又如：have a good time （玩得好） have a cold （感冒）have a headache （頭痛）have a break=have a rest誤I bought

20、the dictionary yesterday. A dictionary is very good.正I bought a dictionary yesterday. The dictionary is very good.析在文章中第一次提到某物時(shí)用不定冠詞，而第二次提到時(shí)用定冠詞。正 Please turn off the lights before you leave.誤 Please turn off lights before you leave.析雖然是第一次提到某物但說話雙方均知其所指，也應(yīng)用定冠詞。誤 There are nine planets around a sun.

21、正 There are nine planets around the sun.析世上獨(dú)一無二的天體等名詞前應(yīng)加定冠詞，如： the earth, the moon, the sun, the sky, the sea.正I live on the second floor of this building.誤I live on a second floor of this building.析在序數(shù)詞，形容詞最高級(jí)前要用定冠詞。如： He is the oldest in the family.正I want to learn a second language this term.誤I w

22、ant to learn the second language this term.析在序數(shù)詞的含意不是順序中的第一第二，而其意在于再學(xué)一個(gè)，再來一個(gè)時(shí)，應(yīng)用a,本句的意思應(yīng)為：這學(xué)期我要學(xué)一門第二外語。誤 Mississippi is one of the longest rivers in the world.正 The Mississippi is one of the longest rivers in the world.析在河流名稱前應(yīng)加定冠詞，如： the Yellow River（黃河）。誤 Look, there are Alp.正 Look, there are the

23、Alps.誤 Look, there are the Alp.析具體的某一座山不加定冠詞，如： Mountain Tai.但在山名稱前加定冠詞后，其山名要加 s, 來表示山脈。the Alps即為阿爾卑斯山脈。如 ：The Alps are in the center of Europe.正 The Times is one of the oldest newspapers in the world.誤 Times is one of the oldest newspapers in the world.析報(bào)刊名稱前應(yīng)加定冠詞。誤 Rich are not always happy.正 The

24、 rich are not always happy.析在形容詞前加定冠詞表示一類人，而在姓的前面加定冠詞，姓后加s表示某一家，如：The turners are going to move to New York.正I like to eat bread for breakfast. The bread sells in this shop is very good.誤I like to eat bread for breakfast. Bread sells in this shop is very good.析物質(zhì)名詞特指時(shí)也應(yīng)加定冠詞。誤 The sun rises in east.正

25、 The sun rises in the east.析在方向、方位前應(yīng)用定冠詞，如： in the east, in the west, in the north, in the south, in the direction 及 in the past, in the future正 Do you know who invented the telephone誤 Do you know who invented telephone析在特定和專有事物或名稱前要加定冠詞，如：the English Channel英吉利海峽the Panama Canal巴拿馬運(yùn)河the Suez Canal

26、蘇伊士運(yùn)河誤 Would you please buy some food for the supper正 Would you please buy some food for supper析泛指一日三餐前無定冠詞。正I like to climb the mountain in autumn.誤I like to climb the mountain in the autumn.析 年四季前不用定冠詞，如： Spring is the best season in a year.正 Sometimes my parents come to the school to see me.誤 Som

27、etimes my parents come to school to see me.析有些名詞被用作其本身原來所含目的時(shí)不加冠詞，如： go to school上學(xué)，leave school（輟 學(xué)），after school（放學(xué)），但如果當(dāng)建筑物講時(shí)應(yīng)加冠詞，如例句中其父母來校不是上學(xué)，而是看 望孩子，則要加定冠詞。又如， He was in hospital for two days.（ 他在醫(yī)院住院兩天了。）而：Hewent to the hospital to see his mother. 他去醫(yī)院看望他的母親。誤I bought a same dictionary as she

28、 bought.正I bought the same dictionary as she bought.析在慣用法the same, the only, the very 前的定冠詞不可換為不定冠詞。誤 The police caught the thief by his arm.正 The police caught the thief by the arm.析這是英文表達(dá)法與中文的明顯不同之處，也是初學(xué)者極易忽視之處。在英語中的某些動(dòng)詞，如：catch（抓），take（拿），strike （打）,pat（拍），hit（擊），hold（握），pull（拉）動(dòng)詞后應(yīng)加人，再加介 詞on, by

29、, in, with之后要加定冠詞，再加人體的某一部位。這時(shí)的定冠詞千萬不要換作his, her,their,等詞。正 He was paid by the hour.誤 He was paid by hour.析by和計(jì)量單位之間要有定冠詞。這句話應(yīng)譯為：他的工資是按小時(shí)計(jì)算的。誤I went to New York by his car.正I went to New York by car.正I went to New York in his car.析by僅僅與交通工具相連表示應(yīng)用某種工具，而加了別的修飾詞后其前面的介詞也應(yīng)作相應(yīng)的轉(zhuǎn)換。如：by car （坐小汽車）by taxi （坐

30、出租車）by bike （騎自彳T車）by water （乘船）by air （乘飛 機(jī)）by sea （乘船）正 Mary began to learn how to play the piano when she was three.誤 Mary began to learn how to play piano when she was three.析在樂器前要加定冠詞，而在球類游戲之前則不要加冠詞，如：They like to play bridge whenthey are free.（他們空閑時(shí)愛打橋牌）誤 The little boy wanted to go to cinema.

31、正 The little boy wanted to go to the cinema.析英語中雖有一些名詞與go to連用時(shí)不加定冠詞，以表示該名詞的內(nèi)涵，如： go to school （學(xué)），go to bed（睡覺）等，但去看電影則例外，要用 go to the cinema.這也是語言的一個(gè)特點(diǎn)。誤I live at 105 the Lake street.正I live at 105 Lake Street.析街道名稱前不用冠詞。正 Next summer holiday I will go to the country to live on a farm.誤 Next summe

32、r holiday I will go to country to live on a farm.析country既作國家講也作鄉(xiāng)村講。作鄉(xiāng)村講時(shí)，一定要加定冠詞，而且只有單數(shù)形式，作國家講時(shí)貝U可有復(fù)數(shù)形式。如： Japan is a country .Japan, China, India are Asian countries .誤 The picture looks better at the distance.正 The picture looks better at a distance.析at a distance意為“離開一定距離”。而 in the distance為遠(yuǎn)方，遠(yuǎn)

33、處”。這樣常用的詞組有：as a rule （照例）in a hurry （匆忙）in the morning/afternoon （上/下午）in the sun （在陽光下）in the rain （雨中）in the same way （同樣）in the shade （在陰涼處）in the day time （ 白天）in the end （最終）on the other hand （ 換句話說）on the contrary （ 相反）正 The little boy and girl walk along the street hand in hand.誤 The little

34、boy and girl walk along the street a hand in a hand.析這是英語中的習(xí)慣用法，如：bit by bit （逐漸）day after （by） day （ 一天又一天 ）day and night （日日夜夜）face to face （面對(duì)面）from A to Z （自始至終）from time to time （ 再三）hand in hand （ 手拉手）shoulder by shoulder （ 肩并肩）冠詞專題基礎(chǔ)型練習(xí)（）1. -What does your son do now?-Oh, he is university stu

35、dent. He entered university last year.A. a, aB. a, theC. /, the D. /, a（）2. - What happened?-They left in such hurry that they forgot to lock door.A. a, aB. a, theC. /, the D. /, a) 3. There were two small rooms in the house, smaller of which served askitchen.A. a, theB. the, aC. the, the D. a, a) 4

36、. I ordered book some time ago. book has arrived.A. a, TheB. the, AC. a, AD. /, The) 5. Mr Smith is European and his wife is American.A. an, anB. a, aC. a, anD. an, a) 6. young man beside me is university studentA. A, aB. A, theC. The, the D. The, a) 7. My sister works in a factory. She goes home on

37、ce month.A. aB. anC. theD. every) 8. He was absent because he had caught .A. heavy a coldB. the heavy coldC. a heavy coldD. heavy cold) 9. France is European country. India is Asian country.A. the, aB. a, aC. /, /D. /, a) 10. In winter people often hang up wet clothes near fire.A. /, /B. a, aC. /, a

38、D. the, a) 11. He has tried twice, and the captain asks him to have third try.A. aB. theC. another D. other) 12. He is only child in his family.D. /D. /, aA. aB. theC. an) 13. horse is useful animal.A. The, theB. The, aC. The, an) 14. Tom left Shanghai in B. summer 1995A. the summer 1995C. 1995 the

39、summerD. the summer of 1995) 15. children here live happy life.A. The, theB. The, aC. The, /D. /, the) 16. The soldier died during World War I.A. theB. the firstC. /D. a) 17. China is country with a long history.D. /D. the tallerA. aB. theC. an) 18. Alice is of the two girls.A. tallerB. the tallC. more tall) 19. Can your sister play ?No, but she can play A. the tennis, the pianoB. tennis, pianoC. the tennis, piano