主謂一致 課件-初高中英語銜接課程

1、HelloAGREEMENT主謂一致 主語的人稱和單復(fù)數(shù)形式?jīng)Q定著謂語動詞對應(yīng)的形式。主謂一致主謂一致主要有以下幾種情況：1. 由and連接(1) He and she _both students of this school. 一、語法一致原則are(2) 雙重身份，謂語用單。 The singer and dancer_ going to give us a performance. The singer and the dancer_ going to give us a performance. isare2. 主語是to do,doing 或主語從句時,謂語用單。When he i

2、s coming _ very important.（seem） Collecting stamps _ his hobby. To love her _ not to break her wings. seemsisis3. 定語從句中,與先行詞的人稱和數(shù)保持一致。 1.Those who_ singing may join us.（enjoy） 2.Tom, who _ your friend, should help you. enjoyiseither . or; neither . nor; not only . but also, whether.or連接并列主語時，或在there

3、 be句型中, 就近一致。二、就近原則Neither you nor I _ wrong. There _ a cup of tea and some apples on the table.amis1.The teacher, together with his students, _ planting trees in the street. 2.Nobody but Jim and Mike _on the playground. is2. 由 with, along with, together with, as well as, besides, without, except, b

4、ut, rather than, including 連接并列主語，就前/遠一致。 例如：is三、意義一致原則 指謂語動詞和主語一致不是取決于主語的語法形式, 而是其實際意義。有的主語名詞在形式上是單數(shù), 但在意義上卻是復(fù)數(shù)；有的主語名詞在形式上是復(fù)數(shù), 但在意義上卻是單數(shù)。1. 不定代詞all, more, some, any, none作主語,謂語動詞視情況而定。All of the apples _rotten. All of the apple _rotten. are isNone of the money_ left. None of the students _ there. i

5、s is/areNone 和 neither 有時當(dāng)作單數(shù)看待，有時當(dāng)作復(fù)數(shù)看待，主要根據(jù)說話人的意思決定。做主語時，謂動可用單數(shù)，也可用復(fù)數(shù)。但在代表不可數(shù)名詞時?？醋鲉螖?shù)，因而謂動須用單數(shù)。1.Half of the students _finished theircomposition. (have) 2.Half of the apple _bad. 3.About 60 percent of the students in our school _boys. haveisare2. the rest of; half of; part of; majority of; percent

6、 of; one third of在句子中加名詞作主語的時候,謂語動詞與of后面的名詞保持一致。3. 集合名詞作主語, 動詞可用單數(shù), 也可以用復(fù)數(shù)。主要由句子的意思決定。強調(diào)整體謂語動詞用單數(shù)；指全體人員時, 動詞則用復(fù)數(shù)。這一類常見的集合名詞有public, family, class, crowd, population, team, group。As far as I know, his family _not big but the family _all music lovers. is are 4. 某些名詞如people, police, cattle, poultry(家禽)

7、等,形式上是單數(shù), 但意義上是復(fù)數(shù), 謂語動詞應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)。people指“民族”時是例外。 1.The police _ searching for a thief. 2.The cattle _ eating grass on the hill. 3.The Chinese people _ brave and hard-working. 4.The Chinese _ a brave and hard-working people.areareareis5. 復(fù)合不定代詞作主語, 謂語動詞要用單數(shù)，如someone ,somebody, something, anybody, anyone,

8、 anything, everybody, everyone, everything, nobody, no one, nothing。Someone_ asking for you. Nothing _ found in the room. isis6. 某些名詞如clothes, trousers, pants, shoes, glasses,scissors（剪刀）等, 通常只用其復(fù)數(shù)形式, 但當(dāng)它們被a pair of 修飾時, 謂語動詞用單數(shù)。如: The shoes _ worn out. The pair of shoes _ worn out. areisPhysics is

9、a very interesting subject.The news is so surprising.Do you know when the United States was set up?以s結(jié)尾的詞，但表示學(xué)科, 國家，機構(gòu)，書籍，報刊等名詞作主語，如maths, politics, physics, news, economics 等，謂語動詞應(yīng)用單數(shù)。8. every. and every .; each . and each .; no . and no . 在以上短語中and連接的單數(shù)名詞, 整個短語在句中作主語時, 謂語動詞常使用單數(shù)。 Each man and each

10、 woman_ asked to attend. is10. 有些名詞的單復(fù)同形, 作主語的時候, 其謂語動詞由上下文決定, 這一類名詞有: means, works, deer, fish, sheep, Chinese, Japanese等。 1. This works_ set up in 1989. 2. These works_ set up in 1989. 3. His works_ to be published.waswereare11. many a, more than one, one and a half與單數(shù)名詞組成的短語, 謂語用單數(shù)。 Many a boy _

11、seen it. (have) One and a half bananas _ left on the table. 12. 書刊名、時間、距離、價格、度量衡等的復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語時, 謂語動詞常用單數(shù)。 Thirty years _ not a long time. Roots _ a famous American novel.hasisisis1. this kind of book = a book of this kind (這種書) , 其謂語用單數(shù); 短語this kind of men = men of this kind(這一類人), 但this kind of men 的謂語

12、用單數(shù), men of this kind 的謂語用復(fù)數(shù), all kinds of 后跟復(fù)數(shù)名詞, 謂語用復(fù)數(shù)形式。（type,sort 有相同用法）例如：應(yīng)該注意的幾個問題: This kind of men _ dangerous. Men of this kind _dangerous.2. 在主謂倒裝的句子中,謂語動詞的數(shù)應(yīng)與其后的主語一致。例如: Here _ a bus and five cars.(come) Between the two windows _ a picture.(hang)isarehangscomes3. “分?jǐn)?shù)或百分?jǐn)?shù)+名詞”構(gòu)成的短語以及由“ a lo

13、t of, lots of, plenty of, a large quantity of, half of + 名詞”構(gòu)成的短語作主語時,其謂語動詞要與短語中of 后面的名詞的數(shù)保持一致。例如:Lots of damage_ caused by fire.About three-fourths of the earths surface _ covered with water.Three-fifths of the workers here _women.和這種情況類似的還有“a number of + 名詞復(fù)數(shù)”。但是,“the number of + 名詞復(fù)數(shù)”的中心詞卻是number

14、。試比較： wasisare1.A number of students _ gone to the countryside to help with the autumn harvest.（have）2.The number of pages in this book _ two hundred.haveis注意:4.a (large) quantity of 修飾可數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞, 其短語作主語時,謂語動詞用單數(shù)。A large quantity of people _ needed here.quantities of 修飾可數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞,其短語作主語時,謂語動詞一般用復(fù)數(shù)。例如:Qu

15、antities of food (nuts) _ on the table.isare1. A large amount of (A great deal of) damage _ done in a very short time.2. Large amounts of money _ spent on the bridge.waswere a great deal of, a large amount of, 修飾不可數(shù)名詞, 其短語作主語時, 謂語動詞通常用單數(shù); large amounts of 修飾不可數(shù)名詞, 其短語作主語時, 謂語動詞通常用復(fù)數(shù)。例如:6. 如果主語由“the

16、+ 形容詞(或過去分詞)”結(jié)構(gòu)擔(dān)任時,謂語通常用復(fù)數(shù);這類詞有: the brave, the poor, the rich, the blind, the young, the old, the sick, the dead, the deaf and dumb, the injured, the wounded, the unemployed 等; 但也有少數(shù)的過去分詞與定冠詞連用時指個別,則用單數(shù)。例如：The blind _ in special school.(study)The departed(死者)_ a well-known engineer.這類形容詞或分詞如果要表示個體時

17、,就要與名詞man, person 或表示人的單數(shù)連用。例如: an old man, a rich person, the (a) wounded soldier.studywas改錯：1. The singer and dancer are to attend our evening party.2. They each has an apple.3. He joins the football team who is all famous footballers.4. Dr. Smith, together with his wife and daughters, are going t

18、o visit Beijing this summer.5. As a result, of the serious flood, two- thirds of the buildings in the area needs repairing.6. Those who likes to sing can join us.7. Leaving the less important things until tomorrow are often acceptable.8. He would ask who we was and pretend not to know us.9. Hard wor

19、k have made him very ill.10. Finally, there were a sudden pull at the pole and a fish was caught.ishaveareisneedlikeiswerehaswasI. 只用單數(shù)的：主語抽象表單一，集體名詞整體看；and連接兩名詞，或人或物不可分；Every，each以及no，并用and連名詞；三“e” neither不定代，所構(gòu)合成正式單;News，means，works，貌似復(fù)數(shù)實則單；還有ics結(jié)尾學(xué)科詞，國，書，劇名兼格言;時重長度與價值，主單不受隨行控；many，more than連單數(shù)，名詞數(shù)量一個半，謂語單數(shù)不多看。主謂一致口訣：II. 就近一致的1.以or, eitheror, neithernor, not onlybut also等連接的名詞（代詞）作主語時，謂語動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)應(yīng)根據(jù)就近一致的原則。Neither you nor anybody else _ (know) an