期末復(fù)習(xí)相關(guān)lecture notes講義版unit

1、Unit 3 Teration GapBefore ReadingThe Times They Are A-changin2Comedy3Fast-food restaurant3High School4Warm-up Questions5Global ReadingPart Diviof the Text6Further Understanding6Detailed Reading8After ReadingUseful Express18Sentence Translation18Spot Dicion19Discus. 19Talk about thctures19Writing Pra

2、ctice19Proverbs and Quoions21Supplementary ReadingCulture Notes23Language Study24ComprehenTask27Before Reading. The Times They Are A-changin1. Bob DylanBob Dylan, born on May 24 1941 in Duluth, Minnesotahe USA, is widely regarded as perhapsAmericas greatest popular songwriter bornhe twentieth centur

3、y.Much of his best work is from the 1960s when his musical shadow was so larget he took onpolitical influence. The civil rights movemend no more moving anthemn his song Blowinhe Wind. Millions of young people embraced his song The Times They Are A-Changin duringt era of extreme change. The radical p

4、olitical group The Weathermen named themselves aftera lyric in Dylans song Subterranean Homesick Blues (Youwhich way the wind blows).t need a weatherman to know2. Listen to Bob Dylans song The Times They Are A-Changin:The Times They Are A-ChanginBob DylanCome gather round peopleWherever you roamAnd

5、admitt the watersAround you have grownAnd accept itt soonYoull be drenched to the bone.If your time to youIs worth savinThen you better start swimmin Or youll sink like a stoneFor the times they are a-changinCome writers and criticsWho prophesize with your pen And keep your eyes wideThe chance wont

6、come againAndt speak too soonFor the wheels still in spinAnd theres nolin who t its naminFor the loser now Will be later to winFor the times they are a-changinCome senators, congressmenPlease heed the callt standhe doorwayt block up the hallFor het gets hurtWill be he who has stalledTheres a battle

7、outside And it is raginItll soon shake your windowsAnd rattle your wallsFor the times they are a-changinCome mothers and fathersThroughout the landAndt criticizeWhat you cant understandYour sons and your daughtersAreyourdYour old road isRaly aginPlease get out of the new oneIf you cant lend your han

8、dFor the times they are a-changinThe line it is drawnThe curse it is cast The slow one now Will later be fastAs the present nowWill later be past The order isRaly fadinAnd theone nowWill later be lastFor the times they are a-changin. ComedyListen to the passage and fillhe bls with the missing words.

9、and a dramatic genre (類型)Comedy, exprest isended toamuse. Comedy is assoted with , wordplay, pleasurable , release often, and . Imbued with a playful spirit, comic entertaent frequentlyincongruous (不協(xié)調(diào)), ridiculous, or aspects of . It generally follows a oftheatrical surprisest a sense of delight in

10、 the viewer. Of all dramatic genres,comedy is the most performed. Fast-food restaurantA fast-food restaurant is a restaurant characterized by food which isd quickly afterordering (and whiay or may not be consumed quickly as well), and by minimal service. Thefood in these restaurants is commonly cook

11、ed in advance and kept hot, or reheated to order.Many fast-food restaurants are part of restaurant chains or franchise (特許經(jīng)營權(quán)) operations, which provide standardized foodstuffs to the individual restaurants, shipped from central locations.Because of its convenience, fast food (also known as take-awa

12、y food or take-out food) is very popular in many modern societies, but is often criticized of poor nutritional value (oftencontributing to obesity (肥胖), called junk food), advertising (espe lly directed at children), andother ies. High School1.roductionHigh school, or secondary school, is the last s

13、egment of compulsory education in the UnitedSes, Canada, China, Korea and Japan. It provides a secondary education. Secondary educationis a period of education which follows directly after primary education. The pure of asecondary education can be to prepare for either higher education or vocational

14、 training. It isreferred to by various different names in different countries, including high schoolhe UnitedSes and Australia, or middle schoolhe Netherlands. It occurs mainly during the teenageyears. The exact boundary betn primary and secondary education varies from country tocountry, but is gene

15、rally around the seventh to the nh year of education.2. High School In United Seshe United S es, high school generally consists of grades 9, 10, 11 and 12, though this mayvary slightly by school district. In some areas, high school starts with tenth grade; a few American high schools still cover gra

16、des 7 through 12. American students are allowed to leave high school at age 16-18, depending on the s e, or when they graduate or go on to college or othereducation. This school-leaving age is usually in grade 10 or 11 if the standard curriculum has beenfollowed throughout life, without skipgrades o

17、r being held back. Thus, the last two years ofhigh school are not compulsory, but most students complete high school and receive a diploma.A high school diploma.E.D. is generally required for entranceo a college or university, butmany colleges accept a small number of students after eleventh grade.3

18、. High School In CanadaSecondary schooling in Canada differs depending on what province one lives in. Normally it follows the American pattern, however in Quebec, for instance, high school lasts five years and isstarted ear r and finished at a younger agen elsewhere in Canada. In Quebec most student

19、sfollow high school by attending a CEGEP (College of General and Vocational Education), which iscomparable to a junior college, and which is obligatory for Quebec students wishing to go on to university in Quebec.4. High School In AustraliaHigh school is the former name for secondary schools in Aust

20、ralia. The name was offilly changed to secondary college in the early 1990s, but to the majority of the adult Australianpopulation they are still high schools. The exact length of secondary school varies from se tose, but the majority teach Year 7-12. It is compulsory to attend schootilof fifteen,bu

21、t most students remain at school to complete their studies and go on to college or university. Warm-up Questions1. Is there a generation gap bet(Open-ended.)n you and your parents?2. What will you(Open-ended.)f you have different opinions with your parents?3. What are the major components of a play?

22、(=characters, settings, stage directions, language,s, climax, and theme.)Global Reading. Part Diviof the Text. Further UnderstandingFor Part 1Group Presen ionStudents work in pairs. One student tries to describe Heidis attitudes toward her father according to her speech at the very beginning of the

23、play. Then the other student makes a speech to class.2. Role PlayThree students stay in a group, and play Manager, Father, and Sean respectively according towhad happenedhis part.For Part 2True or False1.Diane disliked Kyle and did not want to go to the senior prom with him. (= FDiane liked Kyle and

24、 wanted to go to the senior prom with him.) Mother thought the children should respect their father. (= T)2.3.Dan Lucas invited Father to haveFather invited Dan Lucas to havech at the French restaurant on Third Road. (= Fch at the French restaurant on Third Road.)4.Dan Lucas promised to ask his son

25、to make a phone call to Diane because Fathertold him Diane waserested in his son. (= T)5.As an honor student, Diane was pleased with the result. (= Fstudent, Diane was humiliated with the result.)Asanhonor2. Group DiscusThree to four students stay in a group, and discuss the characteristics o the ch

26、ildren.ther, Mother andFor Part 3Group DiscusStudents form groups of three to four, and find out what Father saidhe office. Then findPartsPara(s).Main Ideas1135In a fast-food restaurant, Father embarrassed Sean by talking too proudly to the restaurant manager.236108In the Thompson family dining room

27、, Father embarrassed Diane by persuading a work-mate o pressing his son to ask her to the senior prom.3109130In an office at Heidis high school, Father embarrassed Heidiby boasting to an offil about how bright she was.out the response of Heidi and Mrs. Higgins. Discuss why they seemed to have differ

28、enttopics and what they thought during theerview.(= In the office Father boasted to Mrs. Higgins how bright Heidi was. He listed severalexles. He kept on talking even though Mrs. Higgins was noterestedhe topic. Heshowed a typical exle of a proud father.Mrs. Higgins wanted to get down to business and

29、 finished theerview. So her topicserrupted by Father,focusethe enrolment of a new student. As she was frequentlyshe got impatient and a little annoyed. But she tried to be polite and not to hurt the feelingsof a proud father.Heidi was embarrassed when her father boasted to Mrs. Higgins. She tried to

30、 stop her father,but her father ignored her. She couldnt understand her fathers pride.)2. Role PlayStudents form groups of three and aMrs. Higgins, Father, and Heidi according to whathad happenedhis part.Detailed Reading. Difficulten1.(Title) “Father Knows Better”1. What does “Father knows better.”

31、mean?(=“Father knows better.” or “Father, you know betterwise enough not to do something. Actually it does nont.” literally means Father wasve this meaning. It means Fatherwas not wise when he meddled with his childrens airs.)2. How many times does this sentence occur in the text? What can you infer

32、 from thesentence?(=This sentence occurs six times in the text. The children said it satirically to show theirdisapproval others meddling with their airs. )2.(LL.3940) “Im sure hes a good worker bu1. What did Father mean by saying this?ypical teenager, if you know what I mean.”(=Father was proud of

33、his son as he thought his son would work well, but he was a littleworriedt his son was a boy and he might make some mistakes in his work.)2. What was the managers response?(=As a young man, the manager didnt understand a fathers feeling, and showed noerests.)3.(LL.4243) “And I are yout if there are

34、any subjectst need to be addressed, Seanand I will have a man-to-man talk.”1. What is a man-to-man talk?(=A talkserioust takes place betal matter.)n two men, espelly two men who need to discuss a2. Translate the sentenceo Chi.(=你放心，要是問題需要解決的話，我和會(huì)開誠布公地談一談的。)4.(LL.6061) “Ift sort of thing happenely on

35、ce in a while, it wouldnt be so bad. Overall,I wouldnt want to trade my dad for anyone elses.”What can you infer from the sentence?(=Father was always meddling with his childrens airs, and the children disliked it.However, the children loved Father and if hethey could bear it. )erfered with their ai

36、rs only once in a while,5.(LL.9192) “Through clenched teeth, the words are in a monotone and evenly spaced.”Translate the sentenceo Chi.(=咬緊牙，一字一頓地說。)6.(L.134) “Why backy day ”1. Paraphrase the sentence.(=Well, when I was young, we didnt behave liket.)2. What does the sentence imply?(=It imps a gap

37、betn the young generation and the older generation.)7.(L.138) “Get this over with, more likely.”1. What is the correct order of this sentence? (=It is more likely to get this over with. )2. Translate the sentenceo Chi.(=還不如說，是把這份罪受完算了。)8.(LL.166168) “And its not just one of us whove felt the heavy h

38、and oferference. Oh, no,all three of us live in constant dread knowingany time disaster can strike”Translate the sentenceo Chi.(=不止我一個(gè)人深受他橫加干預(yù)之苦。哦，絕非我一個(gè)人。知道倒霉的是隨時(shí)可能來臨)兄妹三個(gè)整天提心吊膽，. Words and Express1.(Title) know better: behave in a more sensible and acceptable way* He is old enough to know better.*

39、他很明事理，不至于以貌取人。(=He knows bettern to judge by appearan.)Pattern:know better know bettern sb.n to do sth.2.(L.3) location: n. a place orition* This is a suitable location for a c.* 目擊者向事故的確切地點(diǎn)。(=Witnesses showed thethe exact location of the accident.)3.(L.10) embarrass: vt. make (sb.) feel awkward or

40、ashamed* It embarrassed himt he had to give a talk in front of a lot of people.* It like making speeches in public. Its so embarrassing.* I was really embarrassed when I couldnt answer the teachers question.4.(L.16) dumb: adj.1) foolish*t was a dumb thing to do.* He was so dumbt he left his keys at

41、home again.2) unable to speak* The terrible news struck us all dumb.* 他生來不能說話，但是他設(shè)法找到一個(gè)好工作。(=He was born dumb, but he has still managed to get a good job.)5.(L.18) in unison: actinghe same way at the same time* All the babies cried in unison.* 國際社會(huì)準(zhǔn)備一致主義。(=Theernational community is ready to work in

42、 unison against terrorism.)6.(L.20) consist of: be made up of* The city of New York consists of five boroughs.* The committee consists of scientists and engineers.Collocation:consist in等于；在于CF: consist, come, comprise & constitute這幾個(gè)詞都是動(dòng)詞，都有“組成”的意思。consist 是個(gè)不及物動(dòng)詞，與介詞 of 一起連用，不可用于語態(tài)。consist 的主語表示事物的

43、整體，of 后的賓語表示事物的組成部分。例如：* Water consists of hydrogen and oxygen. 水由氫和氧組成。洲包括、* Normerica consists of the United Ses, Canada, and Mexico.和墨。come 的主語表示事物的組成部分，賓語表示事物的整體。但在語態(tài)中正好相反。例如：、和墨* The United Ses, Canada, and Mexico come Normerica.合起來* Water is com洲。ed of hydrogen and oxygen. 水由氫和氧組成。Comprise 用作及

44、物動(dòng)詞，有兩種用法：傳統(tǒng)規(guī)則認(rèn)為其主語應(yīng)當(dāng)為事物的整體，賓語應(yīng)當(dāng)為事物的組成部分，詞義為“由組成，由”；另一種趨勢(shì)是用 comprise表達(dá)“組成，”的意思，此時(shí)其主語為事物的組成部分，賓語為事物的整體。洲包括、* Normerica comprises the United Ses, Canada, and Mexico.和墨。* Ten stories comprise the book. 十個(gè)故事組成了這本書。constitute 的主語表示事物的組成部分，賓語表示事物的整體。例如：、和墨* The United Ses, Canada, and Mexico constitute No

45、rmerica.合起來洲。k. 七天為一周。* Seven days constitute a7.(L.57) fade: vi.1) lose color or brightness* The wallpr has faded.2) disappear slowly* The sound of tder faded awayo the distance.* 隨著天氣越來越冷，他早鍛煉的熱情逐漸了。(=Her enthusiasm for early-morning exercises faded as the weather was getting colderand colder.)Col

46、location:fade away fade out逐漸；淡出逐漸8.(L.61) overall:1.adv. in general* Overall, priare still rising.* Overall, I like her, despite her faults.2.adj. including everything; total (only before noun)* The overall length of the fish is 3 feet 5 inches.9.(L.61) trade for: exchange (sth.) for (sth. else)* T

47、hey traded their clothes for food.* 農(nóng)民用農(nóng)產(chǎn)品換工具和錢.(=The farmers traded farm produce for tools and money.)10.(L.73) ken suspense: delayling (sb.) what they are eager to know* Weve been kept in suspense waiting for the examination results.* 觀眾的懸念一直持續(xù)到劇終。(=The audience is kept in suspense to the very end

48、 of the play.)Collocation:break the suspense hold sb. in suspense be in suspense over消除懸念使處于懸念之中對(duì)懸疑不安11.(L.76)errupt: v. stop (sb.) from continuing what they are saying orng* Stoperrupt me. Im trying to talk to your mother.* My daughter kepterrupting me when I spoke.12.(L.79) bet:1.vi. be sure* I be

49、t it will snow tomorrow.* I bet she was late for the meeting on pure.2.v. risk (money) on the result of a future event* I bet you 5$t they will whe nexection.* I bet on the wrong horse. It lost the race.13.(L.81) distract: vt. take (sb.s attention) away from sth. esp. for a short time*t distract me

50、from working.* She was distracted by the noise outside.* 玩電腦有時(shí)讓他寫作業(yè)分心。(=Playing computer games sometimes distracts him from his.)Pattern:distract sb./sth. distract sb./sth. from14.(L.116) glorious: adj. wonderful* Look at the glorious colors on the sky.* It seems a pity to be indoors on such a glori

51、ous day.15.(L.117) hand down: give or leave to people who are younger or come later* The gold watch has been handed down from my grandfather.* 她有一些珠寶，是從她祖母那兒傳下來的。(=She had some jewelry, which had been handed down from her grandmother.)Collocation:hand in han上交；交給傳遞；依次傳下去hand out分給；分發(fā)交出；移交hand over16

52、.(L.122) at any rate: whatever may happen; in any case* At any rate, Im going back home.* At any rate, you survived the car accident.Collocation:birth rate-rate at this /出生率一流的t rate這樣/那樣的話；照這樣/那樣的情形rate of exchange匯率CF: speed, rate & pace這幾個(gè)詞都是名詞，都有“速度”的意思。speed 一般指時(shí)間內(nèi)所運(yùn)動(dòng)的距離。例如：per hour. 他以每小時(shí)七十英里的

53、速度行駛。* He drove at a speed of 70不能再快了。已經(jīng)全速* We cant go any faster. Were already at top speed.前進(jìn)了。rate 指比率、率，如速度、出生率、入學(xué)率等。指速度時(shí)可與 speed 換用。例如：She can read at the rate of 100 words a minute. 她每分鐘能閱讀 100 個(gè)單詞。He must pay at the rate of 10 percent. 他必須按照百分之十的比率付款。pace 主要指行走、跑步等的步速，也可指生活、生長、進(jìn)展等方面的速度、進(jìn)度等。例如

54、：* If you advance one pace, I will shoot you. 你再向前走一步，我就了。ce. 工作進(jìn)展很慢。* The work progressed at a slo17.(L.123) community: n. the people living in one place, district, or country, considered as awhole* The job of aman is to serve the community.* College students have learned a lot in community service

55、.18.(L.125) narrow down: make (a list of things) smaller* The answer to the question was narrowed down to two choi.* 一百多位申請(qǐng)者將會(huì)被減少成僅僅五位候選人。(=Over adred applicants will be narrowed down to a short list of five candidates.)Pattern:narrow down to19.(L.129) exhaust: vt.1) make (sb.) very tired, eith* Wha

56、t an exhausting day!hysically or mentally* Four hours work almost exhausted her.2) use up compley* They have exhausted the supply of oxygen.* What will wefxhaust our reserves of oil?CF: tired, exhausted & worn out這幾個(gè)詞都是形容詞，都有“累、疲憊”的意思。tired 為常見詞，但本身沒有指明精力的削減程度。例如：* He became tired from hours reading

57、. 他閱讀了幾小時(shí)，感到疲倦。exhausted 指體力、精力的完全損耗，難以恢復(fù)或需要較長時(shí)間才可恢復(fù)。例如：ast, too exhausted to eat anything. 他終于回來了，累得吃不下任何* He returned東西。worn out 指過度使用而失去價(jià)值或功效。例如：* He divorced his wife because he was worn out from listening to her constant complas. 聽妻子不停地抱怨而厭煩，他為此和她離婚了。20.(L.130) repeatedly: adv. again and again*

58、 I repeatedly warn you not to take the job.反復(fù)要求員工不允許在吸煙。t staff should not be allowed to smoke*(=We have repeatedly requestedhe office.)21.(L.151) swallow: v.cause or allow (esp. food or drink ) to go down the throat; hide orsuppress a feeling* Chew your food properly before swallowing it.* I tried

59、to swallow, but my mouth was too dry.22.(L.155) fr: adj. showing ones thoughts and feelings openly* If you want my fropinion, It think the plan will succeed.* It is cleart my students have been frwith me.Pattern:be fr be frwith sb.about sth.23.(L.167)erference: n. unwanted or unnesary involvement in

60、 sth.* I wanted to do the thing on my own without outsideerference.* 你他的私人事務(wù)是沒道理的。(=Yourerference in his private airs is unreasonable.)Pattern:erference in sth.erference with sb.24.(L.167) constant: adj.1) without stop* He was in constant pain.* I have had a constant headache for three days.2) uncha