高分子化學(xué)中英文對照

1、 05. 高分子化學(xué)05.1 高分子物質(zhì)漢文名英文名macromolecule, polymersupra polymer注釋高分子又稱“大分子”。2超高分子3natural polymerinorganic polymerorganic polymerinorganic organic polymerorganometallic polymerelement polymerhigh polymer45678910111213141516171819202122232425polymer曾用名“齊聚物”。dimertrimertelomerhomopolymer無規(guī)聚合物無規(guī)卷曲聚合物頭-頭聚

2、合物頭-尾聚合物尾-尾聚合物反式有規(guī)聚合物順式有規(guī)聚合物規(guī)整聚合物非規(guī)整聚合物irregular polymer1 2627282930313233343536373839404142434445464748無規(guī)立構(gòu)聚合物全同立構(gòu)聚合物間同立構(gòu)聚合物雜同立構(gòu)聚合物有規(guī)立構(gòu)聚合物atactic polymer又稱“等規(guī)聚合物”。又稱“間規(guī)聚合物”。又稱“異規(guī)聚合物”。又稱“有規(guī)聚合物”。multipolymer又 稱 “ 嵌 段 聚 合 物 (blockpolymer)” 。4950515253遞變嵌段共聚物兩親嵌段共聚物二嵌段共聚物三嵌段共聚物多嵌段共聚物tapered block copol

3、ymeramphiphilic block copolymerdiblock copolymertriblock copolymersegmented copolymer2 5455565758雜聚物heteropolymer恒組分共聚物多組分共聚物單分散聚合物多分散性聚合物multicomponent copolymermonodisperse polymer, uniform polymerpolydisperse polymer, non-uniformpolymer5960616263646566676869707172polyblend, polymer blendpolymer-p

4、olymer complexpolymer-metal complexsingle-strand polymerdouble-strand polymermulti-strand polymerchain polymer雙股聚合物多股聚合物three-dimensional polymer又 稱 “ 網(wǎng) 絡(luò) 聚 合 物 (networkpolymer)” 、 交 聯(lián) 聚 合 物(crosslinked polymer)”。7374757677787980非極性聚合物剛性鏈聚合物半柔性鏈聚合物柔性鏈聚合物剛棒高分子non-polar polymerrigid chain polymersemi-

5、 flexible chain polymerflexible chain polymerrigid rod polymer3 818283棒狀高分子rodlike polymerrod coil block copolymerdendrimer, dendritic polymer, treepolymer848586878889909192939495969798刷狀聚合物梯形聚合物step ladder polymerpartial ladder polymercarbocyclic ladder polymercomb polymertelechelic polymerbranched

6、 polymerhyperbranched polymergraft polymer又 稱 “ 接 枝 共 聚 物 (graftcopolymer)”。99100101102103(SIPN)104105106異質(zhì)同晶聚合物多晶形聚合物締合聚合物polyallomerpolycrystalline polymerassociation polymer4 107108109110111112113114115116117118119120121122123124125126127128129130131132133134135conjugated polymerchelate polymerte

7、lechelic polymerchelating ion-exchangerchelating resinshellac又稱“蟲膠”。蠶絲骨膠原凝膠明膠黃原膠瓊脂樹膠gumdeoxyribonucleic acid（DNA）amylum，starchamylose又稱“右旋糖酐”。糊精木素cellulose 纖維素 纖維素 纖維素硝酸纖維素胺纖維素乙酸纖維素 cellulose cellulose cellulose又稱“硝化纖維素”。俗稱“醋酸纖維素”。cellulose acetate5 13613713813914014114214314414514614714814915015115

8、2153154155156157158159160161162163164methyl cellulosehydroxyethyl cellulosecarboxymethyl cellulosenatural rubber三葉橡膠Hevea杜仲膠古塔波膠合成聚合物加成聚合物通用高分子功能高分子仿生高分子形狀記憶高分子類酶高分子生物高分子生物彈性體生物活性高分子生物可蝕性高分子生物降解高分子醫(yī)用高分子生物醫(yī)用高分子高分子藥物降解性高分子高性能高分子高模量聚合物特殊性能高分子智能聚合物親水聚合物疏水聚合物degradable polymerhigh performance polymerhigh

9、 modulus polymerspeciality polymerintelligent polymerhydrophilic polymer又稱“特種高分子”。hydrophobic polymer6 165166167168169170amphiphilic polymerwater absorbent polymerwater soluble polymermacroporous polymerfine polymer俗稱“米花狀聚合物 (popcornpolymer )”。17117217317417517617717817918018118218318418518618718818

10、9190191192熱解聚合物高熔聚合物光響應(yīng)高分子光活性聚合物光敏聚合物superconductive polymersemiconducting polymerelectroactive polymerpiezoelectric polymerpyroelectric polymer熱電性高分子7 193194195196197198199200201202203204205206207208209210211212213214215216217super ion-conductive polymerferromagnetic polymerferroelectric polymerabl

11、ative polymer鐵電聚合物燒蝕聚合物高分子離子polymeric carrier, polymer supportpolymer reactant, polymer reagentionomerpolyelectrolyte又稱“高分子電解質(zhì) (polymerelec-trolyte)”。218219兩性聚電解質(zhì)聚合物溶劑polyamphotericpolymer solvent8 220221222223224225226227228229230231樹脂resinthermally sensitive resinnatural resincoumarone-indene resi

12、nterpene resin樹脂232233234235236237238phenol-formaldehyde resin, phenolicresin239240241242243244245246又叫“可溶酚醛樹脂”。又叫“半熔酚醛樹脂”。又叫“不溶不熔酚醛樹脂”。furfural resinfurfural phenol resinphenol ether resinfuran resinamino resin氨基樹脂9 247248249250251脲醛樹脂urea-formaldehyde resincarbamide resin聚脲樹脂又叫“碳酰胺樹脂”。尿素樹脂melamine

13、-formaldehydemelamine resin252253254255256257258259260261262263264265266267環(huán)氧樹脂aliphatic epoxy resinbisphenol A epoxy resinredox resinweightpolyethylene, UHMWPE268269270線型低密度聚乙烯271272273超低密度聚乙烯長支鏈聚乙烯聚丙烯polypropylene10 2742752762772782792802812822832842852862872882892902912922932942952962972982993003

14、01302isotactic polypropylene(iPP )poly(1-butene)又稱“等規(guī)聚丙烯”。聚異丁烯poly(4-methyl-1-pentene)poly(1-octene)聚苯乙烯polystyrenehigh impact polystyrene, HIPSpolyacetylene聚丙烯酸鹽polymethacrylatepoly(methyl methacrylate)乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯共聚物 ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA)poly(lactic acid)，polylactidepoly(alanine)又稱“尼龍

15、 3”、“聚酰胺 3”。又稱“尼龍 6”、“聚酰胺 6”。又稱“尼龍 8”、“聚酰胺 8”。poly( amino caproic acid)poly(8 amino caprylic acid)polycysteinepoly(vinyl acetate)poly(oxyethylene glycol)poly(vinyl alcohol)poly(vinyl formal)poly(vinyl butyral)聚乙烯醇聚乙烯醇縮甲醛聚乙烯醇縮丁醛聚氯乙烯poly(vinyl chloride)11 3033043053063073083093103113123133143153163173

16、18319320321322聚全氟丙烯聚丁二烯1,4-聚丁二烯1,2-聚丁二烯順式-1,4-聚丁二烯反式-1,4-聚丁二烯聚環(huán)戊二烯1,4-polybutadiene1,2-polybutadiene1,2-聚異戊二烯3,4-聚異戊二烯順式-1,4-聚異戊二烯 cis-1,4-polyisoprene反式-1,4-聚異戊二烯 trans-1,4-polyisoprenepolychloroprenepolyalkenamer對于環(huán)烯烴的聚合產(chǎn)物，由于聚合機(jī)理的不同，一種是開環(huán)聚合，一種是保留環(huán)打開雙鍵的聚合。323324325326327328329polynorbornene丙烯醛類聚合物乙

17、炔類聚合物丙二烯聚合物二乙炔聚合物二烯丙基聚合物diacetylene polymerdiallyl polymer12 330331332333334335336337338339340341342343344345azo polymer共縮聚物intercondensation polymerpolycarboxylate聚羧酸酯聚酯polyestersaturated polyesterunsaturated polyesterpoly(ethylene terephthalate)poly(butylene terephthalate)3463473483493503513523533

18、54355356357polycarbonatebisphenol A polycarbonatepolyamidepoly(ether amide)polycaprolactampoly(hexamethylene adipamide)polyaramide, aromatic polyamidepolypeptide聚醚polyether芳香族聚醚共聚醚poly (aryl ether)copolyether13 358359360361362低聚甲醛共聚甲醛聚環(huán)氧乙烷又稱“多聚甲醛”。又 稱 “ 聚 氧 化 乙 烯(polyoxyethylene)”。363聚環(huán)氧丙烷又 稱 “ 聚 氧

19、化 丙 烯(polyoxytrimethyl-ene)”。364365polytetrahydrofuran,366367368369370371372373374375376377聚苯醚又稱“聚亞苯醚”。俗稱“聚苯硫醚”。poly(aryl sulfone) (PAS)aromatic polysulfonamidepoly(ether sulfone)poly(diphenyl ether sulfone)polyimide苯378379380381382383polyquinoxalinepoly(ether-ketone), PEKpoly(ether-ether-ketone), P

20、EEKpoly(ether-ketone-ketone), PEKK聚醚醚酮聚醚酮酮14 384385386387388389390391392393394395396397398399400401402403404405406407408409410polyurethane簡稱“聚氨酯”。聚醚氨酯poly(ether-urethane)polyaniline聚苯胺quinone polymersilicate polymer, polysilicateplastic塑料合金工程塑料增強塑料molecular compositein situ compositeorganic inorgani

21、c hybrid materialhybrid compositerubberelastomer又稱“彈性體”。異戊橡膠烯橡膠(SIBR)411三元乙丙橡膠ethylene propylene terpolymer, EPT, 又稱“乙丙三元橡膠”。15 ethylene propylene diene monomer,EPDM412二元乙丙橡膠ethylene propylene rubber, EPR, 又稱“乙丙二元橡膠”。ethylene propylenecopolymer, ethylenepropylene monomer, EPM413414丁腈橡膠氫化丁腈橡膠butadien

22、e-acrylonitrile415416417418419420carboxy terminated nitrile rubbercis-1,4-polybutadiene rubberbutyl rubber丁基橡膠鹵化丁基橡膠丁苯橡膠solution polymerized butadiene styrenerubber(SSBR)421emulsion polymerized butadiene styrenerubber(ESBR)422423424425426427428429430431432433434435pyridine butadiene rubberfluororubb

23、er, fluoroelastomerfluorosilicone rubberfluorinated triazine rubbernitrosofluoro rubbersilicon rubber二甲基硅橡膠甲基乙烯基硅橡膠室溫硫化硅橡膠dimethyl silicone rubbermethylvinyl silicone rubberroom temperature vulcanized silicone16 436437438439440441442443硫化橡膠粉末橡膠液體橡膠444styreneblock445446rubber modified plastics, rubbe

24、rresinblends447448449450451452453454455456457458459460461纖維fiber半合成纖維合成纖維化學(xué)纖維單組分纖維異質(zhì)復(fù)合纖維粘膠纖維聚酰胺纖維聚芳酰胺纖維聚酯纖維聚丙烯腈纖維聚丙烯纖維viscose fiberpolyamide fiberaramid fiberpolyester fiberacrylic fiberpolypropylene fiber又稱“錦綸”、“尼龍”。又稱“芳綸”“芳香尼龍”。又稱“滌綸”。又稱“腈綸”。又稱“丙綸”。17 4624634644654664674684694704714724734744754764

25、77478479480481482483484聚乙烯醇纖維聚乙烯醇縮甲醛纖維聚氯乙烯纖維聚氨酯彈性纖維碳纖維polyvinyl alcohol fiberformalized PVA fiberpolyvinyl chloride fiberpolyurethane elastic fibercarbon fiber又稱“維尼綸”。又稱“氯綸”。又稱“氨綸”。全纖維素組合纖維改性纖維俗稱“差別纖維”。又稱“膠粘劑”。reactive heat-melting adhesiveanaerobic adhesivepressure sensitive adhesivecoatingfunction

26、al coatingpaint油漆05.2 聚合與高分子化學(xué)反應(yīng)12單體monomer官能度functionality18 3456平均官能度average functionalitybifunctional monomertrifunctional monomervinyl monomer雙官能基單體三官能基單體乙烯基單體1,1-亞乙烯基單體，偏二取代乙烯單體1,2-亞乙烯基單體，1,2-二取代乙烯單體雙烯單體，二烯單體極性單體vinylidene monomer78vinylene monomer9diene monomer1011121314151617181920polar monom

27、er非極性單體non polar monomerconjugated monomernon conjugated monomeractivated monomerfunctional monomermacromer, macromonomercyclic monomer共軛單體非共軛單體活化單體官能單體大分子單體環(huán)狀單體共聚單體comonomer聚合反應(yīng)均聚反應(yīng)polymerizationhomopolymerizationoligomerization低聚反應(yīng)，21齊聚反應(yīng) (曾用名)調(diào)聚反應(yīng)222324252627telomerization自發(fā)聚合spontaneous polymeri

28、zationprepolymerizationpost polymerizationrepolymerization預(yù)聚合后聚合再聚合鑄塑聚合, 澆鑄聚合cast polymerization19 28293031鏈?zhǔn)骄酆蟘hain polymerization烯類聚合，乙烯基聚合雙烯類聚合vinyl polymerizationdiene polymerization加成聚合自由基聚合，addition polymerizationfree radical polymerization,radical polymerization3233游離基聚合 (曾用名)控制自由基聚合，可控自由基聚合c

29、ontrolled radical polymerization，CRP3435活性自由基聚合living radical polymerization原子轉(zhuǎn)移自由基聚合atom transfer radical polymerization，ATRP反向原子轉(zhuǎn)移自由基聚合 reverse atom transfer radical polymerization，3637RATRP可逆加成斷裂鏈轉(zhuǎn)移reversible addition fragmentation chaintransfer，RAFT3839404142氮氧自由基調(diào)控聚合穩(wěn)定自由基聚合自由基異構(gòu)化聚合自由基開環(huán)聚合氧化還原聚合

30、無活性端聚合，死端聚合 (曾用名)光致聚合光引發(fā)聚合nitroxide mediated polymerizationstable free radical polymerization，F(xiàn)RPfree radical isomerization polymerizationradical ring opening polymerizationredox polymerizationdead end polymerization4344454647484950photo polymerizationlight initiated polymerizationphotosensitized po

31、lymerizationfour center polymerizationcharge transfer polymerizationradiation initiated polymerizationthermal polymerization光敏聚合四中心聚合電荷轉(zhuǎn)移聚合輻射引發(fā)聚合熱聚合20 515253電解聚合electrolytic polymerization等離子體聚合易位聚合plasma polymerizationmetathesis polymerization開環(huán)易位聚合ring opening metathesis polymerization ，54ROMP5556

32、5758596061精密聚合precision polymerizationcyclopolymerization環(huán)化聚合拓?fù)浠瘜W(xué)聚合平衡聚合topochemical polymerizationequilibrium polymerizationionic polymerization離子型聚合輻射離子聚合離子對聚合正離子聚合，陽離子聚合碳正離子聚合radiation ion polymerizationion pair polymerizationcationic polymerization6263carbenium ion polymerization,carbocationicpol

33、ymerization646566假正離子聚合pseudo cationic polymerizationpseudo cationic living polymerizationliving cationic polymerizationanionic polymerization假正離子活性聚合活性正離子聚合負(fù)離子聚合，67陰離子聚合6869707172737475碳負(fù)離子聚合carbanionic polymerizationliving anionic polymerizationanionic cyclopolymerizationanionic electrochemical po

34、lymerizationanionic isomerization polymerizationallylic polymerization活性負(fù)離子聚合負(fù)離子環(huán)化聚合負(fù)離子電化學(xué)聚合負(fù)離子異構(gòu)化聚合烯丙基聚合活性聚合living polymerization兩性離子聚合zwitterion polymerization21 767778798081齊格勒-納塔聚合配位聚合Ziegler Natta polymerizationcoordination polymerizationcoordinated ionic polymerizationcoordinated anionic polym

35、erizationcoordinated cationic polymerizationinsertion polymerization配位離子聚合配位負(fù)離子聚合配位正離子聚合插入聚合定向聚合，stereoregular polymerization, stereospecificpolymerization82立構(gòu)規(guī)整聚合有規(guī)立構(gòu)聚合全同立構(gòu)聚合不對稱誘導(dǎo)聚合不對稱選擇性聚合不對稱立體選擇性聚合對映體不對稱聚合對映體對稱聚合異構(gòu)化聚合8384858687888990919293tactic polymerizationisospecific polymerizationasymmetric

36、induction polymerizationasymmetric selective polymerizationasymmetric stereoselective polymerizationenantioasymmetric polymerizationenantiosymmetric polymerizationisomerization polymerization氫轉(zhuǎn)移聚合hydrogen transfer polymerizationgroup transfer polymerization，GTPelimination polymerization基團(tuán)轉(zhuǎn)移聚合消除聚合模板聚

37、合matrixpolymerization,template94polymerization9596插層聚合intercalation polymerizationuncatalyzed polymerizationring opening polymerizationliving ring opening polymerizationimmortal polymerizationenzymatic polymerizationpolyaddition無催化聚合開環(huán)聚合9798活性開環(huán)聚合不死的聚合酶聚合作用聚加成反應(yīng)，9910010122 逐步加成聚合 (曾用名)偶聯(lián)聚合1021031041

38、05106107coupling polymerization序列聚合sequential polymerization閃發(fā)聚合，俗稱暴聚氧化聚合flash polymerizationoxidative polymerization氧化偶聯(lián)聚合逐步增長聚合縮聚反應(yīng)oxidative coupling polymerizationstep growth polymerizationcondensation polymerization，polycondensation108109酯交換型聚合transesterification type polymerization,ester exchan

39、ge polycondensationautocatalytic polycondensationhomogeneous polymerizationheterogeneous polymerizationphase inversion polymerizationbulk polymerization, mass polymerizationsolid phase polymerizationgaseous polymerization,110111112113114115自催化縮聚均相聚合非均相聚合相轉(zhuǎn)化聚合本體聚合固相聚合氣相聚合116gas phase polymerization11

40、7118119120121122123124125吸附聚合溶液聚合沉淀聚合淤漿聚合懸浮聚合反相懸浮聚合adsorption polymerizationsolution polymerizationprecipitation polymerizationslurry polymerizationsuspension polymerizationreversed phase suspension polymerization珠狀聚合bead polymerization, pearl polymerizationdispersion polymerization分散聚合反相分散聚合inverse

41、 dispersion polymerization23 126127128129130131132133134135136137138139140141142143144145146147148149150151152153種子聚合seeding polymerization乳液聚合emulsion polymerizationemulsifier free emulsion polymerizationinverse emulsion polymerizationmicro emulsion polymerizationcontinuous polymerizationsemicontin

42、uous polymerizationbatch polymerization無乳化劑乳液聚合反相乳液聚合微乳液聚合連續(xù)聚合半連續(xù)聚合分批聚合，間歇聚合原位聚合in situ polymerization均相縮聚homopolycondensation活化縮聚activated polycondensationmelt phase polycondensationsolid phase polycondensationthree dimensional polycondensationinterfacial polymerizationinterfacial polycondensationc

43、ycloaddition polymerizationcycloalkene polymerizationcyclosiloxane polymerizationinitiator熔融縮聚固相縮聚體型縮聚界面聚合界面縮聚環(huán)加成聚合環(huán)烯聚合環(huán)硅氧烷聚合引發(fā)劑引發(fā)劑活性聚合催化劑自由基引發(fā)劑偶氮類引發(fā)劑2,2偶氮二異丁腈過氧化苯甲酰過硫酸鹽引發(fā)劑復(fù)合引發(fā)體系activity of initiatorpolymerization catalystradical initiatorazo type initiator2,2- azobisisobutyronitrile, AIBNbenzoyl pe

44、roxide, BPOpersulphate initiatorcomplex initiation system24 154155氧化還原引發(fā)劑電荷轉(zhuǎn)移復(fù)合物，電荷轉(zhuǎn)移絡(luò)合物redox initiatorcharge transfer complex, CTC156157158159160161162163164165166167168169170171172173174175176177178聚合加速劑，聚合促進(jìn)劑 polymerization accelerator光敏引發(fā)劑photoinitiator雙官能引發(fā)劑bifunctional initiator， difunctional

45、initiatortrifunctional initiatormacroinitiator三官能引發(fā)劑大分子引發(fā)劑引發(fā)-轉(zhuǎn)移劑initiator transfer agent, iniferinitiator transfer agent terminator, iniferterphotoiniferter引發(fā)-轉(zhuǎn)移-終止劑光引發(fā)轉(zhuǎn)移終止劑熱引發(fā)轉(zhuǎn)移終止劑正離子催化劑thermoinifertercationic catalyst正離子引發(fā)劑cationic initiator負(fù)離子引發(fā)劑ionioic initiator共引發(fā)劑coinitiator烷基鋰引發(fā)劑alkyllithium

46、initiatoranion radical initiatoralfin initiator負(fù)離子自由基引發(fā)劑烯醇鈉引發(fā)劑齊格勒-納塔催化劑過渡金屬催化劑雙組分催化劑Ziegler Natta catalysttransition metal catalystbicomponent catalystlate transition metal catalystmetal complex catalystmetallocene catalystmethylaluminoxane, MAO后過渡金屬催化劑金屬絡(luò)合物催化劑二茂金屬催化劑甲基鋁氧烷 氧橋雙金屬烷氧化物催化bimetallic -oxo

47、 alkoxides catalyst179劑25 180181雙金屬催化劑橋基茂金屬bimetallic catalystbridged metallocene限定幾何構(gòu)型茂金屬催化 constrained geometry metallocene catalyst182劑183184185186187188189190191192193194195196197198199200201202203204205206均相茂金屬催化劑homogeneous metallocene catalystchain initiation鏈引發(fā)熱引發(fā)thermal initiation染料敏化光引發(fā)電荷轉(zhuǎn)

48、移引發(fā)誘導(dǎo)期dye sensitized phtoinitiationcharge transfer initiationinduction period引發(fā)劑效率誘導(dǎo)分解再引發(fā)initiator efficiencyinduced decompositionreinitiation鏈增長chain growth, chain propagationpropagating chain endreactive species增長鏈端活性種活性中心持續(xù)自由基聚合最高溫度鏈終止active centerpersistent radicalceilling temperature of polymer

49、izationchain termination雙分子終止初級自由基終止擴(kuò)散控制終止歧化終止偶合終止單分子終止自發(fā)終止終止劑bimolecular terminationprimary radical terminationdiffusion controlled terminationdisproportionation terminationcoupling terminationunimolecular terminationspontaneous terminationterminator26 207208209210211212213214215216217218219220鏈終止劑

50、chain terminating agentpseudoterminationself termination假終止自發(fā)終止自由基捕獲劑旋轉(zhuǎn)光閘法自由基壽命凝膠效應(yīng)radical scavengerrotating sector methodfree radical lifetimegel effect自動加速效應(yīng)鏈轉(zhuǎn)移autoacceleration effectchain transfer鏈轉(zhuǎn)移劑chain transfer agentbackbitting transferdegradation (degradative) chain transfer尾咬轉(zhuǎn)移退化鏈轉(zhuǎn)移加成斷裂鏈轉(zhuǎn)移反

51、應(yīng) addition fragmentation chain transfer鏈轉(zhuǎn)移常數(shù)緩聚作用延遲作用阻聚作用chain transfer constantretardation221222223224225226227228229230231232233inhibition緩聚劑retarder緩聚劑，阻滯劑阻聚劑retarding agentinhibitor封端反應(yīng)端基end cappingterminal group聚合動力學(xué)聚合熱力學(xué)聚合熱polymerization kineticspolymerization thermodynamicsheat of polymerizati

52、oncopolymerizationbinary copolymerization共聚合反應(yīng)二元共聚合三元共聚合ternary copolymerization27 234235236237238239240241242243244245246247248249250251252253254255256257258259260261競聚率reactivity ratio自由基共聚合離子共聚合無規(guī)共聚合理想共聚合交替共聚合恒組分共聚合接枝共聚合嵌段共聚合開環(huán)共聚合共聚合方程共縮聚radical copolymerizationionic copolymerizationrandom copoly

53、merizationideal copolymerizationalternating copolymerizationazeotropic copolymerizationgraft copolymerizationblock copolymerizationring opening copolymerizationcopolymerization equationcopolycondensationstep copolymerizationhomopropagation逐步共聚合同種增長自增長self propagation交叉增長cross propagation前末端基效應(yīng)交叉終止pe

54、nultimate effectcross terminationQ 值Q valuee 值e valueQ,e 概念Q, e scheme序列長度分布側(cè)基反應(yīng)sequence length distributionreaction of pendant groupchain extender擴(kuò)鏈劑，鏈增長劑交聯(lián)crosslinking化學(xué)交聯(lián)chemical crosslinkingself crosslinking自交聯(lián)光交聯(lián)photocrosslinking28 262263264265266267268269270271272273274275276277278279280281282

55、283284285286287288289交聯(lián)度degree of crosslinkingvulcanization硫化固化curing硫黃硫化促進(jìn)硫化過氧化物交聯(lián)無規(guī)交聯(lián)交聯(lián)密度交聯(lián)指數(shù)解聚sulfur vulcanizationaccelerated sulfur vulcanizationperoxide crosslinkingrandom crosslinkingcrosslinking densitycrosslinking indexdepolymerization降解 退化鏈斷裂degradationchain breaking解聚酶depolymerase細(xì)菌降解生物降解化

56、學(xué)降解輻射降解斷鏈降解自由基鏈降解無規(guī)降解水解降解熱降解bacterial degradationbiodegradationchemical degradationradiation degradationchain scission degradationfree radical chain degradationrandom degradationhydrolytic degradationthermal degradationthermal oxidative degradationphotodegradation熱氧化降解光降解光氧化降解力化學(xué)降解接枝聚合活化接枝photo oxid

57、ative degradationmechanochemical degradationgraft polymerizationactivation grafting29 290291292293294295296接枝點grafting site鏈支化支化度degree of branchingefficiency of graftinggrafting degree輻射誘導(dǎo)接枝嵌段聚合radiation induced graftingblock polymerization05.3 高分子物理化學(xué)與高分子物理1結(jié)構(gòu)單元constitutional unit30 23456重復(fù)結(jié)構(gòu)單元構(gòu)型單

58、元constitutional repeating unitconfigurational unitstereorepeating unittacticity立構(gòu)重復(fù)單元立構(gòu)規(guī)整度等規(guī)度, 全同立構(gòu)規(guī)整 isotacticity度7間同度，間同立構(gòu)規(guī)整 syndiotacticity度8無規(guī)度，無規(guī)立構(gòu)度嵌段atacticity9block10111213141516171819202122232425262728規(guī)整嵌段非規(guī)整嵌段立構(gòu)嵌段有規(guī)立構(gòu)嵌段無規(guī)立構(gòu)嵌段單體單元二單元組三單元組四單元組五單元組無規(guī)線團(tuán)自由連接鏈自由旋轉(zhuǎn)鏈蠕蟲狀鏈柔性鏈regular blockirregular bl

59、ockstereoblockisotactic blockatactic blockmonomeric unitdiadtriadtetradpentadrandom coilfreely-jointed chainfreely-rotating chainworm-like chainflexible chainchain flexibilityrigid chain鏈柔性剛性鏈棒狀鏈rodlike chainchain rigidity鏈剛性31 2930313233343536373839404142434445464748495051525354555657聚集aggregation聚

60、集體aggregate凝聚、聚集鏈纏結(jié)coalescencechain entanglementcohesional entanglementphysical entanglementtopological entanglementcondensed phase凝聚纏結(jié)物理纏結(jié)拓?fù)淅p結(jié)凝聚相凝聚態(tài)condensed state凝聚過程臨界聚集濃度線團(tuán)-球粒轉(zhuǎn)換受限鏈condensing processcritical aggregation concentrationcoil-globule transitionconfined chain受限態(tài)confined state物理交聯(lián)統(tǒng)計線團(tuán)等效