材料科學(xué)與基礎(chǔ)英文詞匯

1、材料科學(xué)與基礎(chǔ)英文詞匯材料科學(xué)與基礎(chǔ)英文詞匯材料科學(xué)與基礎(chǔ)英文詞匯材料科學(xué)基礎(chǔ)名稱與術(shù)語第一章緒論材料科學(xué)基礎(chǔ)常用英語詞匯材料的種類Typesofmaterials,metals,ceramics,polymers,composites,elastomer部分材料性質(zhì)復(fù)習(xí)Reviewofselectedpropertiesofmaterials,電導(dǎo)率和電阻率conductivityandresistivity,熱導(dǎo)率thermalconductivity,應(yīng)力和應(yīng)變stressandstrain,彈性應(yīng)變elasticstrain,塑性應(yīng)變plasticstrain,欽佩強(qiáng)度yieldstr

2、ength,最大抗拉強(qiáng)度ultimatetensilestrength,最大強(qiáng)度ultimatestrength,延展性ductility,伸長(zhǎng)率elongation,斷面收縮率reductionofarea,頸縮necking,斷裂強(qiáng)度breakingstrength,韌性toughness,硬度hardness,疲勞強(qiáng)度fatiguestrength,蜂窩honeycomb,熱脆性heatshortness,晶胞中的原子數(shù)atomspercell,點(diǎn)陣參數(shù)latticeparameter,密排六方hexagonalclose-packed,六方晶胞hexagonalunitcell,體心立

3、方body-centeredcubic,面心立方face-centeredcubic,彌勒指數(shù)Millerindices,晶面crystalplane,晶系crystalsystem,晶向crystaldirection,相變機(jī)理Phasetransformationmechanism:成核生長(zhǎng)相變nucleationgrowthtransition,斯賓那多分解spinodaldecomposition,有序無序轉(zhuǎn)變disordered-ordertransition,馬氏體相變martensitephasetransformation，成核nucleation,成核機(jī)理nucleation

4、mechanism,成核勢(shì)壘nucleationbarrier,晶核，結(jié)晶中心nucleusofcrystal,（金屬組織的）基體quay,基體，基塊，基質(zhì)，聯(lián)合劑matrix,子晶，雛晶mattedcrystal,耔晶，晶種seedcrystal,耔晶取向seedorientation,籽晶生長(zhǎng)seededgrowth,均質(zhì)核化homogeneousnucleation,異質(zhì)核化heterogeneousnucleation,平均化熱辦理homogenizationheattreatment,熟料grog,自恰場(chǎng)self-consistentfield固溶體Solidsolution:有序固

5、溶體orderedsolidsolution,無序固溶體disorderedsolidsolution,有序合金orderedalloy,無序合金disorderedalloy.無序點(diǎn)陣disorderedlattice,分別，擴(kuò)散，彌散dispersal,分別劑dispersant,分別劑，增添劑dispersantadditive,分別劑，彌散劑dispersantagent缺陷defect,imperfection,點(diǎn)缺陷pointdefect,線缺陷linedefect,dislocation,面缺陷interfacedefect,surfacedefect,體缺陷volumedefe

6、ct,位錯(cuò)排列dislocationarrangement,位錯(cuò)陣列dislocationarray,位錯(cuò)氣團(tuán)dislocationatmosphere,位錯(cuò)胞dislocationcell,位錯(cuò)爬移dislocationclimb,位錯(cuò)滑移dislocationslip,dislocationmovementbyslip,位錯(cuò)聚結(jié)dislocationcoalescence,位錯(cuò)核心能量dislocationcoreenergy,位錯(cuò)裂紋dislocationcrack,位錯(cuò)阻尼dislocationdamping,位錯(cuò)密度dislocationdensity,體積膨脹volumedilat

7、ion,體積收縮volumeshrinkage,回火tempering,退火annealing,退火的，軟化的softened,軟化退火，軟化（辦理）softening,淬火quenching,淬火硬化quenchinghardening,正火normalizing,normalization,退火織構(gòu)annealingtexture,人工時(shí)效artificialaging,細(xì)長(zhǎng)比aspectratio,形變熱辦理ausforming,等溫退火austempering,奧氏體austenite,奧氏體化austenitizing,貝氏體bainite,馬氏體martensite,馬氏體淬火ma

8、rquench,馬氏體退火martemper,馬氏體時(shí)效鋼maragingsteel,滲碳體cementite,固溶加強(qiáng)solidsolutionstrengthening,鋼屑混凝土steelchipsconcrete,水玻璃，硅酸鈉sodiumsilicate,水玻璃粘結(jié)劑sodiumsilicatebinder,硅酸鈉類防水劑sodiumsilicatewaterproofingagent,擴(kuò)散diffusion,擴(kuò)散系數(shù)diffusivity,相變phasetransition,燒結(jié)sintering,固相反響solid-phasereaction,相圖與相構(gòu)造phasediagram

9、sandphasestructures,相phase,組分component,自由度freedom,相平衡phaseequilibrium,吉布斯相律Gibbsphaserule,吉布斯自由能Gibbsfreeenergy,吉布斯混淆能Gibbsenergyofmixing,吉布斯熵Gibbsentropy,吉布斯函數(shù)Gibbsfunction,相平衡phasebalance,相界phaseboundary,相界限phaseboundaryline,相界交聯(lián)phaseboundarycrosslinking,相界有限交聯(lián)phaseboundarycrosslinking,相界反響phasebo

10、undaryreaction,相變phasechange,相組成phasecomposition,共格相phase-coherent,金相相組織phaseconstentuent,相襯phasecontrast,相襯顯微鏡phasecontrastmicroscope,相襯顯微術(shù)phasecontrastmicroscopy,相散布phasedistribution,相平衡常數(shù)phaseequilibriumconstant,相平衡圖phaseequilibriumdiagram,相變滯后phasetransitionlag,Al-Si-O-N系統(tǒng)有關(guān)系phaserelationshipsin

11、theAl-Si-O-Nsystem,相分別phasesegregation,phaseseparation,玻璃分相phaseseparationinglasses,相序phaseorder,phasesequence,相穩(wěn)定性phasestability,相態(tài)phasestate,相穩(wěn)定區(qū)phasestabilerange,相變溫度phasetransitiontemperature,相變壓力phasetransitionpressure,同質(zhì)多晶轉(zhuǎn)變polymorphictransformation,相平衡條件phaseequilibriumconditions,顯微構(gòu)造microstr

12、uctures,不混溶固溶體immisciblesolidsolution,轉(zhuǎn)熔型固溶體peritecticsolidsolution,低共熔體eutectoid，crystallization,不混溶性immiscibility,固態(tài)反響solidstatereaction,燒結(jié)sintering,相變機(jī)理Phasetransformationmechanism:成核生長(zhǎng)相變nucleationgrowthtransition,斯賓那多分解spinodaldecomposition,有序無序轉(zhuǎn)變disordered-ordertransition,馬氏體相變martensitephasetransformation，成核nucleation,成核機(jī)理nucleationmechanism,成核勢(shì)壘nucleationbarrier,晶核，結(jié)晶中心nucleusofcrystal,（金屬組織的）