2013年考研英語真題及答案

1、使用說明1.本文檔是大家網(wǎng) 2013 年入學(xué)英語試題及，是一錯千金級的，如果做錯了一個題目，愿意付出 1000 元。如果您覺得哪個有問題，請在本文檔發(fā)布帖跟帖，等之后，即可能領(lǐng)?。?.每個錯誤，一千元給前 10 名指正的網(wǎng)友（每人 100 元啊，不是每人一千元，呵呵，若10 人指正，則以千元除以指正人數(shù)），對于 10 名后看法正確的網(wǎng)友，也將給予一定的大家積分等！指正先后座次的排定，以在本文檔發(fā)布帖跟帖時間為準。指正帖將于前約一個月左右鎖定，不再接受新的指正；3.的支付。錯誤，將在后一周內(nèi)支付。請指正的同學(xué)及時與聯(lián)系。大家網(wǎng)信譽卓著，不必顧慮能否兌現(xiàn)；4.閱讀 Part A 詳盡，酌情擇機發(fā)布

2、，敬請期待；5.本文檔是所能獲得的最準確的文檔，但因為不是原始試卷，如果最后的試卷，與本文檔有比較大的出入，也即在確定正確時受到了嚴重誤導(dǎo)，那么不支付。作者：大家英語部2013 年 1 月 7 日 0 時 15 分12013 年入學(xué)英語一試題Section IUse of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered bland markA, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 pos)People are, on the whole, po

3、or at considering background information whenmaking individual decis. Atglance this might seem like a strengtht1 the ability to make judgments which are unbiased by 2 factors. ButDr. Uri Simonsohn speculatedt an inability to consider the big 3 wasleading deciworking with.-makers to be biased by the

4、daily sles of information they were4 , he theorisedt a judge 5 of appearing too soft6 crimemight be more likely to send someone to prison 7 he hadalready sentenced five or six other defendants only to forced community service on t day.To 8 this idea, he turned to the university-admiss pros.heory,the

5、 9 of an applicant should not depend on the few others 10randomly forerview during the same day, but Dr. Simonsohnwas 11 .ed the truthHe studied the results of 9,323 MBAerviews 12 by 31 admissofficers. Theerviewers had 13 applicants on a scale of one to five. Thisscale 14 numerous factorso considera

6、tion. The scores were 15used in conjunction with an applicants score on the Graduate ManagementAdmisTest, or GMAT, a standardized exam which is 16 out of 800pos, to make a decion whether to accept him or her.Dr. Simonsohn found if the score of the previous candidate in a daily series ofervies was 0.

7、75 pos or more highernt of the one 17t, then2the score for the next applicant would 18 by aage of 0.075 pos. Thismight sound small, but to 19 the effects of such a decrease a candidate wouldneed 30 more GMAT posn would otherwise have been20 .1.A grantsB submitsC transmitsD delivers2.A minorB objecti

8、veC crulD external3.A ieB viC pictureD moment4.A For exleB OageC In principleD Above all5.A fondB fearfulC capableD thoughtless6.A inB onC toD for7.A ifB untilC thoughD unless8.A promoteB emphasizeC shareD test9.A deciB qualityC susD sucs10.A chosenB studiedC foundD identified11.A exceptionalB defen

9、sibleC replaceableD otherwise12.A inspiredB expressedC conductedD secured13.A assignedB ratedC matchedD arranged14.A putB gotC gaveD took15.A insteadB thenC everD rather16.A selectedB passedC markedDroduced17.A beforeB afterC aboveD below18.A jumpB floatC dropD fluctuate319. A achieveB undoC maainD

10、disregard20. A promisingBsibleC nesaryD helpfulSectioReading ComprehenPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A,B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 pos)Text 1of The Devil Wears Prada, Miranda Priestly, played byhe 2006 film ver

11、Meryl Streep, scolds her unattractive assistant for imagining t high fashion doesnt affect her. Priestly explains how the deep blue color of the assistants sweater descended over the years from fashion shows to department stores and to the bargainbin in which the poirl doubtless found her garment.Th

12、is top-down conception of the fashion business couldnt be more out of date or at odds with the feverish world described in Overdressed, Elizabeth Clines three-year indictment of fast fashion. In the last decade or so, advan in technology have allowed mass-market labels such as Zara, H&M, and Uniqlo

13、toreact to trends more quickly andipate demand more precisely. Quickerturnarounds mean less wasted inventory, more frequent release, and more profit.These dislabelsencouragestyle-consciousconsumerstoseeclothesasablemeant to last only a wash ortwo, although they dont advertise ks. By offering on-tren

14、d items attand to renew their wardrobe every fewdirt-cheap pri, Cline argues, these brands have hijacked fashion cycles, shakingan industry long accustomed to a seasonal pace.The victims of this revolution, of course, are not limited to designers. For H&M to offer a $5.95 knit miniskirt in all its 2

15、,300-plus stores around the world, it mustrely on low-wage overseas labor, order in volumes use massive amounts of harmful chemicals.t strain natural resour, andOverdressed is the fashion worlds answer to consumer-activist bestsellers like Michael Pollans The Omnivores Dilemma. Mass-produced clothin

16、g, like fast food,fills ager and need, yet is non-durable and wasteful, Cline argues. Americans,she finds, buy roughly 20 billion garments a yearabout 64 items personandno matter how much they give away, this exs leads to waste.roduced her ideal, a Brooklyn womanTowardsof Overdressed, Clinenamed Sar

17、ah Kate Beaumont, who since 2008 has made all of her own clothesandbeautifully. But as Cline is theto note, it took Beaumont decades to perfect hercraft; her exle cant be knocked off.Though several fast-fashion companies have made efforts to curb their impact4on labor and the environmentincluding H&

18、M, with its green Conscious CollectionlineCline beves lasting change can only be effected by the customer. Sheexhibits the idealism common to many advocates of sustainability, be it in food or inenergy. Vanity is a constant; people will only start shop they cant afford not to.more sustainably when21

19、.Priestly criticizes her assistant for herpoor bargaining skill.insensitivity to fashion.C obseswith high fashion.D lack of imagination.22.According to Cline, mass-market labels urge consumers toA combat unnesary waste.shut out the feverish fashion world.resist the influence of advertisements.shop f

20、or their garments more frequently.23.The word indictment (Line 3, Para. 2) is closestaccusation.enthusiasm.indifference.tolerance.eaning to24.Which of the following can be inferred from the last paragraph?A Vanity has more often been found in idealists.B The fast-fashion industry ignorestainability.

21、C People are moreerested in unaffordable garments.D Pricing is vital to environment-friendly purchasing.25.What is the subject of the text?Satire on an extravagant lifestyle.Challenge to a high-fashion myth.Criticism of the fast-fashion industry.D Exure of a mass-market secret.Text 2lf of all advert

22、ising budgets are wastedthe troubleAn old saying has it5is, no one knows which half.heernet age,eastheory, this fraction canbe much reduced. By watching what people search for, click on and say online, companies can aim behavioural ads at those most likely to buy.he past couple ofks a quarrel has il

23、lustrated the value to advertisers ofsuch fine-grained information: Should advertisers amet people are happy to betracked and sent behavioural ads? Or should they have explicit permis?In December 2010 Americas Federal Trade Commis(FTC) proedadding a do not track (DNT) option toernet browsers, sot us

24、ers couldladvertiserst they did not want to be followed.sernet Explorer andApples Safari both offer DNT;s Chrome is due to do so this year. InFebruary the FTC and Digital Advertising Alliance (DAA) agreed would get cracking on responding to DNT requests.t the industryOn May 31stset off the row. It s

25、aidternet Explorer 10, theverdue to appear with windows 8, would have DNT as a default. Advertisers arehorrified. Human nature being what it is, most people stick with default settings. Few switch DNT on now, but if tracking is off it will stay off. Bob Liodice, the chiefexecutive of the Assotion of

26、 National Advertisers, one of the groupshe DAA,says consumers will be worse off if the industry cannot collect information abouttheir preferen. People will not get fewer ads, he says. Theyll get less meaningful,lessed ads.It is not yet clear how advertisers will respond. Getting a DNT signal does no

27、toblige anyone to stop tracking, although some companies have promised to do so.Unable tol whether someone really objects to behavioural ads or whether they aresticking with anyway.s default, some may ignore a DNT signal and press onAlso unclear is whyhas gone it alone. After all, is an ad businesst

28、oo, which it says will comply with DNT requests, though it is still working out how.If it is trying to upset, which res almost wholly on advertising, it haschosen an indirect method: there is no guaranteet DNT by default willethe norm. DNT does not seem an obviously huge selling pofor windows8though

29、 the firm has compared some of its other products favourably withs ont count before. Brendon Lynch,s chief privacy officer,blogged: we be simple?ve consumers should have more control. Could it really bet26. It iggested in paragraph 1t behavioural ads help advertisers to:ease competition among themse

30、lveslower their operational costsC avoid complas from consumersD provide better onlirvi27. The industry (Line 6, Para. 3) refers to:6A online advertisersBmerce conductorsC digital informationysisDernet browser developers28.Bob Liodice holdst setting DNT as a defaultmany cut the number of junk ads.fa

31、ils to affect the ad industry.will not benefit consumers.goes against human nature.29.Which of the following is true according to Paragraph 6?A DNT may not serve itsended pure.Advertisers are willing to implement DNT.DNT is losing its popularity among consumers.Advertisers are obliged to offer behav

32、ioural ads.30.The authors attitude towards what Brendon Lynch said in his blog is one ofindulgence.understanding.C appretion.D skepticism.Text 3Up until a few decades ago, our vis of the future were largely - though byno means uniformly - glowinglyitive. Science and technology would cure all theills

33、 of humanity, leading to lives of fulfillment and opportunity for all.Now utopia has grown unfashionable, as we have gained a deeper appretionof the range of threats facing us, from asteroid strike to pandemic flu to climatechange. You might even be tempted to a forward to.met humanity has little fu

34、ture to lookBut such gloominess is misplaced. The fossil record showst many specieshave endured for millions of years so why shouldnt we? Take a broader look at ourspecies placehe universe, and ites cleart we have an excellent chanceof surviving for tens, if notdreds, of thousands of years (see 100,

35、000 AD:Living in the deep future). Look up Homo sapiens in thes Red List ofthreatened species, and you will read: Listed as Least Concern as the species is very widely distributed, adaptable, currently increasing, and there are no major threats resulting in an overall population decline.7So what doe

36、s our deep future hold? A growing number of researchers andanisations are now thinking seriously aboutt question. For exle, the LongNow Foundation, based in San Francisco, has created a forum where thinkers and scientists are invited to project the implications of their ideas over very longtimescale

37、s. Its flagship project is a mechanical clock, buried denside a mountainexas,t is designed to still be marking time thousands of years hence.Then there are scientists who are giving serious consideration to the ideatwe should recognise a new geological era: the Anthropocene. They, too, are pulling t

38、he camera right back and asking what humanitys impact will be on the planet in the context of stratigraphic time.Perhaps perversely, it may be easier to think about such lengthy timescalesnabout the more immediate future. The potential evolution of todays technology, andits sol consequen, is dazzlin

39、gly complicated, and its perhaps best left toscience-fiction writers and futurologists to explore the manysibilities we canenvisage.ts one reason why we have launched Arc, a new publication dedicatedto the near future.But take a longer view and there is a surprising amountt we can say withconsiderab

40、le arance. As so often, the past holds the key to the future: we havenow identified enough of the long-term patterns shathe history of the planet,and our species, to make evidence-based forecasts about the situations in which our descendants will find themselves.This long likely to bemakes the pessi

41、mistic view of our prospects seem more sing fad. To be sure, the future is not all rosy: while our species mayflourish, a great many individuals may not. But we are now knowledgeable enoughto mitigate many of the riskst threatened the existence of earr humans, and toimprove the lot of those to come.

42、 Thinking about our place in deep time is a goodway to focus on the challenges living in.t confront us today, and to make a future worth31.Our viof the future used to be inspired byour desire for lives of fulfillment.our faith in science and technology.our awareness of potential risks.D our bef in e

43、qual opportunity.32.Thes Red List suggestt human beings area sustained species.the worlds dominanter.a threat to the environment.a misplaced race.833.Which of the following is true according to Paragraph 5?A Arc helps limit the scope of futurological studies.B Technology offers solutions to sol prob

44、lem.C Theerest in science fiction is on the rise.D Our immediate future is hard to conceive.34.To ensure the future of mind, it is crul toexplore our planets abundant resour.adopt an optimistic view of the world.draw on our experience from the past.D curb our ambition to reshhistory.35.Which of the

45、following would be the best title for the text?A Uncertay about Our Future.Evolution of the Human Species.The Ever-bright Prospects of Mind.D Science, Technology and Humanity.Text 4On a five to three vote, the Supreme Court knocked outmuch of Arizonasimmigration law Mondaya modest policy victory for

46、 the Obama Administration. But on the more important matter of the Constitution, the deciwas an 8-0 defeatfor the Administrations effort to upset the balance of ernment and the ses.er betn the federalIn Arizona v. United Ses, the majority overturned three of the four contestedprovis of Arizonas cont

47、roversial plan to have se and localenforcefederal immigration law. The Constitutional principlest Washington alone has theer to establish a uniform Rule of Naturalization andt federal laws precedese laws are noncontroversial. Arizona had attempted to fashion se policiestran parallel to the existing

48、federal ones.Justice Anthony Kennedy, joined by Chief Justice John Roberts and the Courtsliberals, ruledt the se flew too close to the federal sun. On the overturnedprovis the majority held the congress had deliberay occupied the field andArizona had thusruded on the federals privilegeders.would be

49、allowed to verify theHowever, the Justisaidt Arizonalegal sus of people who come in contact with law enforcement.ts becauseCongress has always envied jofederal-se immigration enforcement andexplicitly encourages se officers to share information and cooperate with federal colleagues.9Two of the three

50、 objecting Justice Samuel Alito and Clarence Thomas agreed with this Constitutional logic but disagreed about which Arizona rules ed with the federal sute. The only major objection came from JusticeAntonin Scalia, who offered an even more robust defense of s back to the An and Sedition Acts.e privil

51、eges goingThe 8-0 objection toObama turns on what Justice Samuel Alitodescribes in his objection as a shocking assertion of federal executiveer. TheWhite House argued even if se laws compt Arizonas lawsd with federal sed with iforcement priorities,utes to the letter. In effect, the WhiteHouse claime

52、d disagrees with.Somet it could invalidate any otherwise legitimate se lawt iters do belong exclusively to the federalernment, and control ofcitizenship and the borders is among them. But if Congress wanted to prevent sesfrom using their own resourto check immigration sus, it could. It never did so.

53、The administration was in essence assertingt because it didnt want to carry outCongresss immigration wishes, no se should be allowed to do so either. EveryJustice rightly rejected this remarkable claim.36.Three provis of Arizonas plan were overturned because theyA deprived the federalof Constitution

54、alers.B disturbed theer balance betn different ses.overstepped the authority of federal immigration law.contradicted both the federal and se policies.37.On which of the following did the Justiagree, according to Paragraph 4?Federal officers duty to withhold immigrants information.Ses independence fr

55、om federal immigration law.Ses legitimate role in immigration enforcement.D Congressservention in immigration enforcement.38.It can be inferred from Paragraph 5t the An and Sedition ActsA violated the Constitution.undermined the sessupported the federal sstood in favor of the serests. ute.es.39.The

56、White House claimst itser of enforcementA outweighst held by the ses.is dependent on the ses support.is established by federal sutes.10D rarely goes against se laws.40. What can be learned from the last paragraph?A Immigration ies are usually decided by Congress.JustiJustiended to check theer of the

57、 Administration.wanted to strengthen its coordination with Congress.D The Administration is dominant over immigration ies.Part BDirections:he following article, some sentenhave been removed. For Questions 41-45,choose the most suitable one from the list A-G to fito each of the numbered bl.There are

58、two extra choi, which do not fit in any of the gaps. Mark your answerson ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 pos)The sol scienare flourishing. As of 2005, there were almoslf a millionprofesal sol scientists from all fieldshe world, working both inside andl Science Report 2010, the number ofoutside academia. Accordi

59、ng to the World Sosol-scientudents worldwide has swollen by about 11% every year since 2000.Yet this enormous resource is not contributing enough to todays globalchallenges including climate change, security, sustainable development and health.(41) Humanity has the nesary agro-technological tools to

60、eradicateger, from genetically engineered crops to artifil fertilizers. Here, too,the problems are so prosperity.l: theanization and distribution of food, wealth and(42) This is a shamethe community should be gras opportunity to raise its influence in the real world. To paraphrase the great sothelsc