福建專(zhuān)用2022年高考英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí)語(yǔ)法專(zhuān)題3介詞和介詞短語(yǔ)課件新人教版

1、語(yǔ)法專(zhuān)題三介詞和介詞短語(yǔ)-2-高考感悟考點(diǎn)歸納1.(2019全國(guó),語(yǔ)篇填空)Modern methods tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid-1980s.of/for該空前面是methods,后面是動(dòng)詞-ing形式,應(yīng)填介詞,所以用of表示所屬關(guān)系,也可填for。2.(2019江蘇,單項(xiàng)填空改編)Favorable policies are effect to encourage employees professional development.in句意:優(yōu)惠政策有效地鼓勵(lì)了員工的職業(yè)發(fā)

2、展。in effect“有效;生效”。-3-高考感悟考點(diǎn)歸納3.(2018全國(guó),語(yǔ)篇填空)I was searching these three western lowland gorillas Id been observing.for句意:我在尋找我一直在觀察的這三只西部低地大猩猩。search for是固定搭配,意為“尋找”。4.(2017全國(guó),語(yǔ)篇填空)It ran for just under seven kilometers and allowed people to avoid terrible crowds on the roads above as they travelle

3、d to and work.from根據(jù)前面的to可知,這里填from。to and from work“上下班”。5.(2017全國(guó),語(yǔ)篇填空)After school she plans to take a year off to model full-time before going to university to get a degree _ engineering or architecture.inget a degree in.為固定搭配,意為“取得學(xué)位”,故用介詞in。-4-高考感悟考點(diǎn)歸納一三二四五七六八九十1.in用在表示年份、季節(jié)、月份,或泛指上午、下午或晚上的名詞前

4、;on用在表示某一天或某一天的上午、下午或晚上的名詞前;at用在表示某一時(shí)刻或時(shí)間上的某一點(diǎn)的名詞前。We will have a meeting at 8 oclock in the morning on Sunday.我們將在星期天早上八點(diǎn)鐘開(kāi)會(huì)。-5-高考感悟考點(diǎn)歸納一三二四五七六八九十2.for后接“一段時(shí)間”,表示某事持續(xù)多久,多與完成時(shí)連用;during表示“在期間”;through表示“一直,自始至終”。The new boy looked at the teacher for a few seconds.這個(gè)新來(lái)的男孩子看了老師幾秒鐘。I went to France duri

5、ng the summer holiday.暑假期間我去了法國(guó)。They worked hard through the winter.整個(gè)冬天他們都在努力工作。-6-高考感悟考點(diǎn)歸納一三二四五七六八九十3.from,sincefrom表示時(shí)間的起點(diǎn),意為“從”,多用于“from.to/till.”結(jié)構(gòu)中;since表示“自從以來(lái)”。I have been waiting here from morning till noon.我在這里從早上等到了中午。Great changes have taken place in our school since Dec.,2015.自從2015年12月

6、以來(lái),我們學(xué)校發(fā)生了巨大的變化。注意for和since都常與完成時(shí)連用,但for接時(shí)間段,since接時(shí)間點(diǎn)。如for two hours(持續(xù))兩小時(shí);since last week自從上周。-7-高考感悟考點(diǎn)歸納一三二四五七六八九十4.before,by,till,untilbefore表示“在之前”,與after相對(duì)。by表示“不遲于,到時(shí)為止,在以前”,by后接過(guò)去時(shí)間時(shí),常與過(guò)去完成時(shí)連用;by后接將來(lái)時(shí)間時(shí),常與將來(lái)完成時(shí)連用。till/until表示“直到為止”,在肯定句中,till/until必須與延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞連用;在否定句中,till/until常與非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞連用。Pleas

7、e come before ten oclock.請(qǐng)?jiān)谑c(diǎn)鐘以前回來(lái)。September 30 is the day by which you must pay your bill.在9月30日之前,你必須支付賬單。You must wait for him till/until tomorrow.你必須一直等他到明天。-8-高考感悟考點(diǎn)歸納一三二四五七六八九十5.after,inafter+一段時(shí)間:表示“在之后”,用于一般過(guò)去時(shí);但時(shí)間為時(shí)間點(diǎn)時(shí),只能用after,即after+時(shí)間點(diǎn),用于各種時(shí)態(tài)。in+一段時(shí)間:表示以說(shuō)話時(shí)為起點(diǎn)的一段時(shí)間之后,與一般將來(lái)時(shí)連用;但表示“在之內(nèi)”時(shí),用

8、于各種時(shí)態(tài)。After eight it began to rain.八點(diǎn)后開(kāi)始下雨。Jane is in a hurry because the train to the airport leaves in half an hour.簡(jiǎn)很匆忙,因?yàn)槿C(jī)場(chǎng)的火車(chē)半小時(shí)后就發(fā)車(chē)了。-9-高考感悟考點(diǎn)歸納一三二四五七六八九十1.on意為“在的上面”;over意為“在(垂直)的正上方”;above意為“在(不一定垂直)的上方”;under意為“在(垂直)的正下方”;below意為“在(不一定垂直)的下方”;near意為“在附近”;next to意為“緊挨著”;round/around意為“在周?chē)?

9、by意為“在旁邊”;along表示沿著街、路、河岸等;across主要表示從某物的表面“橫過(guò)”,涉及“面”的概念;past意為“從旁經(jīng)過(guò)”;up表示向上,由南到北,由西到東,由沿海到內(nèi)陸,由小地方到大地方,由農(nóng)村到城市,反之則用down;through指從某物的內(nèi)部“穿過(guò)”;over指“越過(guò)”某一障礙物。-10-高考感悟考點(diǎn)歸納一三二四五七六八九十The Great Wall winds its way from west to east,across deserts, through valleys and over mountains until at last it reaches th

10、e sea.長(zhǎng)城從西蜿蜒東下,穿過(guò)荒漠和山谷、翻越高山,直到最后到達(dá)大海。2.表示兩者的位置關(guān)系時(shí),in表示“在同一區(qū)域內(nèi)或同一范圍內(nèi)”;on表示“接壤,相鄰”;to表示“相離,相隔”,兩者不屬同一范圍,也不接壤。The beautiful city is in China.這座美麗的城市在中國(guó)。-11-高考感悟考點(diǎn)歸納一三二四五七六八九十1.at表示“以速度,以價(jià)格”。He bargained with the assistant,trying to get this bicycle at a low price.他和店員討價(jià)還價(jià),爭(zhēng)取便宜買(mǎi)下這輛自行車(chē)。2.for表示“用交換,以為代價(jià)”。

11、He sold his car for 500 dollars.他以五百美元把車(chē)賣(mài)了。3.by表示“按計(jì)算”,后跟度量單位。接具體單位時(shí)該名詞前用定冠詞the;接具體度量名詞時(shí)該名詞前不加冠詞。They are paid by the day.他們按天計(jì)算報(bào)酬。-12-高考感悟考點(diǎn)歸納一三二四五七六八九十1.by表示用某種方式,多用于交通。如by bus乘公共汽車(chē),by e-mail通過(guò)電子郵件。注意表示搭乘交通工具用by時(shí),名詞前不加冠詞;用in時(shí),名詞前要加冠詞。請(qǐng)比較:I went there by car/in a car.我乘汽車(chē)去那里。2.with表示“用某種具體工具、身體的某部分

12、或器官”。We speak with our mouths.我們用嘴說(shuō)話。注意with表示用某種工具時(shí),名詞前必須用冠詞或形容詞性物主代詞。-13-高考感悟考點(diǎn)歸納一三二四五七六八九十3.in表示用某種材料或語(yǔ)言。Please speak in English and write in ink.請(qǐng)用英語(yǔ)說(shuō)并用墨水寫(xiě)。4.through表示“以(方法、手段),經(jīng)由”,后面多接抽象名詞。You can only achieve success through hard work.只有通過(guò)努力工作,你才能獲得成功。-14-高考感悟考點(diǎn)歸納一三二四五七六八九十besides表示包含,“除之外還有”。e

13、xcept表示排除,“除之外”,指整體里面排除部分,后面可接代詞、副詞、介詞短語(yǔ),還可接that從句或wh-從句。but表示排除,多與nobody,none,no one,nothing,anything,everyone,all,who等連用,其后可以接不定式。except for表示“除之外”,常在說(shuō)明基本情況后,從細(xì)節(jié)上加以修正。apart from表示“此外,除之外還有”時(shí),相當(dāng)于besides/as well as;表示“撇開(kāi)來(lái)說(shuō),除去”時(shí),相當(dāng)于except (for)。in addition to表示“除之外還有”,相當(dāng)于besides。-15-高考感悟考點(diǎn)歸納一三二四五七六八九

14、十Apart from going shopping,the old lady likes walking except when it rains.天不下雨時(shí),這位老太太除了購(gòu)物還喜歡散步。It is a beautiful city,except for its traffic.除了交通問(wèn)題,它是一座美麗的城市。-16-高考感悟考點(diǎn)歸納一三二四五七六八九十1.for表示原因,常與sorry,famous,punish,praise,thank,blame等詞連用。The Smiths are praised for the way they bring up their children.

15、史密斯夫婦因培養(yǎng)孩子的方式而受到了表?yè)P(yáng)。2.at指情感變化的原因,意為“因聽(tīng)到或看到而”。He was surprised at the news.他對(duì)這個(gè)消息感到吃驚。3.from指“外在的原因”,如受傷、車(chē)禍、勞累等。Suffering from overwork,she is out of shape.由于工作過(guò)度,她健康狀況不好。-17-高考感悟考點(diǎn)歸納一三二四五七六八九十4.of指“內(nèi)在的原因”,如疾病、饑餓、年老等。If they dont find enough bamboo,pandas will die of hunger.如果找不到足夠的竹子,熊貓會(huì)死于饑餓。5.with指

16、生理上或情感上的由外界到內(nèi)心的原因。He was trembling with cold.他冷得發(fā)抖。6.by表示外部的,尤其是暴力的或無(wú)意中造成某種結(jié)果的原因。She took your umbrella by mistake.她錯(cuò)拿了你的傘。-18-高考感悟考點(diǎn)歸納一三二四五七六八九十1.of+抽象名詞=形容詞of+great/much+抽象名詞=very+形容詞of+no+抽象名詞=not+形容詞The book is of great value to our research.這本書(shū)對(duì)我們的研究有很大價(jià)值。This old machine is of no use.這臺(tái)舊機(jī)器沒(méi)用了。

17、2.to與情感名詞連用,表示“某種行動(dòng)后產(chǎn)生的感覺(jué)”to+ones+情感名詞=to the+情感名詞+of sb.To our great surprise,the boy lied to the teacher.令我們非常吃驚的是,那個(gè)男孩對(duì)老師撒謊了。-19-高考感悟考點(diǎn)歸納一三二四五七六八九十1.(表示方向)與方向相反;逆著;迎著;頂著against the wind 迎著風(fēng);逆著風(fēng)2.(表示方位)緊靠著;倚靠著against the wall 靠著墻3.(表示對(duì)象)對(duì)不利;對(duì)有害;以為競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手;違反;違背fight against同戰(zhàn)斗;against the natural law

18、違背自然規(guī)律It was a real race against time to get the project done.Luckily,we made it.完成這項(xiàng)工程的確是和時(shí)間的一場(chǎng)賽跑。幸運(yùn)的是,我們做到了。4.(表示對(duì)比)和比;和對(duì)照;以為背景against the blue sky 以藍(lán)天為背景-20-高考感悟考點(diǎn)歸納一三二四五七六八九十1.(表示位置)在/往的另一邊;在/往的那一邊;在/往的更遠(yuǎn)處The house is beyond the bridge.房子在橋那邊。2.(表示時(shí)間)遲于;晚于;在之后Dont stay here beyond midnight.待在這里不

19、要超過(guò)午夜。3.(表示范圍)超出;非所能及The switch on the wall was beyond the childrens reach.墻上的開(kāi)關(guān)小孩子是夠不到的。-21-高考感悟考點(diǎn)歸納一三二四五七六八九十4.(表示程度)超出的范圍;超過(guò);對(duì)來(lái)說(shuō)太難Math is beyond me.I can never get high grades.數(shù)學(xué)對(duì)我來(lái)說(shuō)很難。我從來(lái)都得不了高分。5.(表示數(shù)目)多于;超過(guò)There werent beyond twenty people present.出席的人不超過(guò)20個(gè)。-22-高考感悟考點(diǎn)歸納一三二四五七六八九十1.atat lunch在吃

20、午飯at table在吃飯at school在上學(xué)at peace在和平時(shí)期at first=at the beginning起初at the beginning of在的初始階段at the end of.在結(jié)束時(shí)-23-高考感悟考點(diǎn)歸納一三二四五七六八九十2.inin a sense從某種意義上說(shuō)in common共同;共有in place在適當(dāng)?shù)奈恢胕n practice在實(shí)踐中;實(shí)際上in public公開(kāi)地;當(dāng)眾in turn依次;輪流;反過(guò)來(lái)in case以免;萬(wàn)一in detail詳細(xì)地in office執(zhí)政;在位in power當(dāng)權(quán);在執(zhí)政-24-高考感悟考點(diǎn)歸納一三二四五七六

21、八九十in progress在進(jìn)行中in return作為回報(bào)in time及時(shí);最終in the way擋路in exchange for用以交換in favour of同意;支持in the meanwhile同時(shí)in spite of不管;不顧in terms of就來(lái)說(shuō)in addition to此外;除以外-25-高考感悟考點(diǎn)歸納一三二四五七六八九十3.onon behalf of代表on condition that以作為條件on sale出售on strike在罷工on the increase正在增加on the air正在廣播on the contrary相反-26-高考感悟

22、考點(diǎn)歸納一三二四五七六八九十4.underunder control在控制之中under discussion在討論中under development在發(fā)展中under construction在建設(shè)中under repair在修理中5.forfor lack of由于缺乏for the benefit of為了的利益as for就而論;關(guān)于-27-高考感悟考點(diǎn)歸納一三二四五七六八九十6.byby chance=by accident偶然;碰巧by name憑名字;用的名字by far到目前為止7.out ofout of order發(fā)生故障;失調(diào)out of place不得其所的;不適當(dāng)?shù)?/p>

23、out of control失去控制out of ones reach某人夠不著的地方out of the question不可能out of question毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)-28-.單句填空1.“Made in China 2025” aims to transform China a product-making factory into a product-making power.(2019江蘇南通中學(xué)?？?from句意:“2025中國(guó)制造”的目標(biāo)是把中國(guó)從一個(gè)產(chǎn)品制造工廠變成一個(gè)產(chǎn)品制造大國(guó)。o.“把從變成”。2.Parents are attaching great importance

24、 childrens calligraphy practice.(2019河北武邑中學(xué)高三月考)to句意:家長(zhǎng)們十分重視兒童書(shū)法的實(shí)踐。attaching great importance to“重視”。-29-3.In this case,raise your daily fluid intake to 3.8 liters,which is equal about 132 ounces.(2019濟(jì)南外國(guó)語(yǔ)學(xué)校月考改編)to句意:在這種情況下,把你每天的液體攝入量提高到3.8升,相當(dāng)于132盎司。be equal to“等于”。4.I kept on walking,seeing watc

25、htower after watchtower my way. on/along“我”繼續(xù)行走,沿途看見(jiàn)一個(gè)接一個(gè)的烽火臺(tái)。on/along ones way意為“沿途”。5.Although we didnt really understand everything,it was good to be lost the atmosphere of the occasion! inbe lost in sth.意為“沉浸于”,是固定搭配,故用介詞in。7.I was born in a town called Blackburn,in the northwest of England, and

26、 lived there till I left home the age of eighteen.atat the age of為固定搭配,意為“在歲時(shí)”。-30-7.Most caves are formed nature under the ground,but some have entrances people can find.by大部分洞窟是在地下自然形成的。由該句中的被動(dòng)形式are formed可以判斷,應(yīng)用介詞by。8.Even a 9th-grader can sit the same classroom as 12th-graders.inin the classroom

27、意為“在教室里”,符合語(yǔ)境,故用介詞in。9.There have been cultural exchanges China and Greece in recent years.between表示“在(兩者)之間”要用介詞between。between.and.“在和之間”。-31-10.Copenhageners love to walk.Foot traffic accounts 80% of all traffic in the Copenhagen city center.for步行占交通總量的80%。account for“占(一定數(shù)量或比例)”,是固定短語(yǔ)。11.She als

28、o goes to other countries where people cannot afford this treatment and helps them free.forfor free意為“免費(fèi)”,為固定搭配,故用介詞for。12.They know the city like the back of their hands,and are glad to be some help.of“of+名詞”相當(dāng)于該名詞所對(duì)應(yīng)的形容詞,即of help相當(dāng)于helpful。-32-13.Last night Mr.Crook didnt come back as usual.Instea

29、d,he met some friends and stayed out midnight.until/till句意:昨晚克魯克先生沒(méi)有像平常一樣回家。相反,他與幾個(gè)朋友聚會(huì)并且直到午夜才回來(lái)。until/till“直到”,符合題意。14.We can become a smart shopper by choosing for value,not for looks; other words,choose good quality goods with plain packages.in根據(jù)句意可知,空后部分的內(nèi)容用來(lái)進(jìn)一步解釋說(shuō)明空格前的內(nèi)容;再根據(jù)提示詞other words,故填in;

30、in other words“換句話說(shuō)”。15.America is growing older.Today,10 out of every 100 Americans are 65.over根據(jù)前文growing older的情況判斷現(xiàn)在十分之一的美國(guó)人超過(guò)65歲,over表示“超過(guò)”。-33-16.On some other websites,you can connect with people all over the world.fromfrom all over the world“來(lái)自世界各地”,from表示來(lái)源、出處。17.Meanwhile,the doctor in New

31、 York watched her on a video screen and then sent messages to the robot machine the computer.through此處表示通過(guò)電腦給機(jī)器人發(fā)送信息,故填through。18.The Scottish girl blue eyes won first prize in the Fifth Chinese Speech Contest.with句意:那個(gè)長(zhǎng)著藍(lán)色眼睛的蘇格蘭女孩在第五屆漢語(yǔ)演講比賽中獲得了一等獎(jiǎng)。介詞短語(yǔ)在句中做定語(yǔ),with意為“長(zhǎng)著”。-34-19.She drove so fast at t

32、he turn that the car almost went the road.off句意:她在拐彎處開(kāi)車(chē)速度太快了,車(chē)差點(diǎn)兒偏離了道路。go off the road是固定搭配,意為“偏離了道路”。20.A serious study of physics is impossible some knowledge of mathematics.without句意:沒(méi)有一些數(shù)學(xué)方面的知識(shí),認(rèn)真進(jìn)行物理研究是不可能的。without“無(wú),沒(méi)有”,在此表?xiàng)l件。-35-.單句改錯(cuò)1.The activities will surely arouse our interest in learnin

33、g English and improve our understanding in English.inof表示“對(duì)的理解”understanding后面要用介詞of。2.We should take pains to improve ourselves through learning and get prepared to the future.(2019湖南衡陽(yáng)市八中高三第四次月考)toforget prepared for“為做好準(zhǔn)備”,所以把to改為for。3.Today,Chinese is where my strength lies,and Im grateful for m

34、y Chinese teacher.(2019廣東 “六校聯(lián)盟”第一次聯(lián)考)forto表示“對(duì)某人感激”要用be grateful to sb.,所以把for改為to。4.Babies will catch more than six colds during their first year in average.(2019山東新泰一中第二次質(zhì)檢)inonon average“平均”,是固定短語(yǔ)。-36-5.I am grateful to my English teacher Susan,at whose help I couldnt have won first prize in the

35、 English Talent Competition for high school students last week.6.Therefore,I always looked down upon my classmates who turned for me in their studies.atwithout根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知,此處表示“要是沒(méi)有她的幫助”,故將at改為without。fortoturn to sb.“向求助”,為固定搭配。-37-7.You can imagine how shy I was when I thought of that with so many eyes

36、fixed to me.8.Stuck on the traffic,we didnt know what to do.9.It was on Sunday so I didnt have to go to school as usual.toon/uponfix on/upon為固定短語(yǔ),意為“集中(目光、注意力等)于”。onin(be) stuck in意為“陷入”,為固定詞組,故用介詞in。刪除on本處意為“那是星期天”,無(wú)須加介詞。不是強(qiáng)調(diào)句型,因此要把on去掉。-38-10.Besides,Sarah is in great help.11.In the same time,a nu

37、mber of teenagers climbed on to the dish and held a little party of their own.12.There was a rich man who carried many treasures to the distance to look into happiness.inof她非常樂(lè)于助人。be of help = be helpful。InAtat the same time是固定搭配,意為“同時(shí)”。intofor根據(jù)后面的happiness可知,此處應(yīng)用look for“尋找”,而look into意為“調(diào)查”,不符合語(yǔ)境。-39-13.Beside this,it is necessary that we should also tell our pare