人教版英語八年級(jí)下冊(cè)第一單元知識(shí)點(diǎn)

1、人教版英語八年級(jí)下冊(cè)第一單元知識(shí)點(diǎn)Unit1What?sthematter?【單詞】matter/m?t?/n.問題;事情What?sthematter（withsb.）?怎么啦？出什么事情了？詢問有什么病或遇到什么麻煩、問題sore/s?:/adj.疼痛的,酸痛的；惱怒的-haveasoreback后背痛-sorethroat咽喉痛n.潰瘍，痛處；恨事pressuresore褥瘡，sorespot傷疤，痛處；傷心事，舊瘡疤stomachachest?m?ke?kn.胃痛;腹痛stomach/st?m?k/n.胃;腹部foot/f?t/n.腳;足pl.feet-onfoot步行；在進(jìn)行中-at

2、thefootof在（山）腳下；在的下部neck/nek/n.頸;脖子-necklace項(xiàng)鏈-necktie領(lǐng)帶-neckandneck(withsb.)(與,)并駕齊驅(qū)，不分上下throat/r?t/n.咽喉;喉嚨fever/fi:v?/n.發(fā)燒haveafever發(fā)燒lie/la?/-vi.躺,平躺；位于，存在liedown躺下-vi.說謊，作為不及物動(dòng)詞的變化：p.pr-lying，pt-lied，pplied-vt.下蛋；放置e.g.,Thehenstoppedlayingeggs.Shelaidthebabydowngentlyonthebed.作為及物動(dòng)詞是的變化：p.pr-lay

3、ing，pt-lay，pplainrestv.&n.放松;休息coughn.&v.咳嗽X-rayn.X射線;X光toothache/tu:?ke/n.牙痛temperature溫度，體溫takeonestemperature量體溫headache/hede?k/n.頭痛break/bre?k/n.間歇;休息takebreaks(takeabreak)休息vi.vt.pt-broke，ppbroken-breakaway(from)脫離，放棄（習(xí)慣），打破（陳套）-breakdown(機(jī)器等)壞了；(計(jì)劃等)失??；(健康等)變壞；感情失去控制-breakin插嘴，使馴服-breakinto破門而

4、入，突然。起來-breakoff折斷，突然停止講話，解除（婚約）-breakout（戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)，火災(zāi)，疾病）突然發(fā)生，爆發(fā)hurt/h?:t/v.（使）疼痛;（使）受傷p.pr-hurting，pt-hurt，pphurtpassenger/p?s?nd?/n.乘客;旅客offadv.&prep.離開（某處）;不工作;從.去掉getoff下車onto/?nt?/prep.向;朝1enough?n?fadj.adv.足夠的/地，充足的/地-用作adj.，修飾名詞，可前可后enoughwater-用作adv.，修飾形容詞或副詞，要后置oldenough-enough+forsb./sth+todosth

5、.足夠,，能做,trouble/tr?bl/n.問題;苦惱pl.troubles-introuble在監(jiān)禁中；處于不幸中；處困難中-getintotrouble使自己或他人陷入困擾之境-havetrouble(with/doingsth.)在.有困難hit/h?t/v.(hit)（用手或器具）擊;打p.pr-hitting，pt-hit，pphitherself/h?:self/pron.(she的反身代詞)她自己ourselves/a?selvz/pron.(we的反身代詞)我們自己bandage/b?nd?d?/n.繃帶v.用繃帶包扎sick/s?k/adj.生病的;有病的knee/ni:

6、/n.膝;膝蓋nosebleed/no?zbli:d/n.鼻出血bleedblidvt.使出血；榨取vi.流血；滲出；悲痛p.pr-bleeding，pt-bledbl?d，ppbledbledadj.流血的；breathe/bri:e/v.呼吸p.pr-breathing，pt-breathed，ppbreathedbreathbr?n.呼吸，氣息-deepbreath深呼吸-takeadeepbreath深呼吸-outofbreath喘不過氣來，上氣不接下氣sunburnedadj.曬傷的climberkla?m?n.登山者;攀登者riskn.&v.危險(xiǎn);風(fēng)險(xiǎn);冒險(xiǎn)-takerisks(t

7、akearisk)冒險(xiǎn)accident/?ks?d?nt/n.（交通）事故;意外遭遇-trafficaccident交通事故-caraccident車禍；交通事故-byaccident偶然；意外地situation/s?tj?e?n/n.情況;狀況kilo(=kilogram)n.千克;公斤kg千克km=kilometer千米rock/r?k/n.巖石knife/na?f/n.刀pl.knivesblood/bl?d/n.血mean/mi:n/v.(meant)意思是;打算;意欲p.pr-meaning，pt-meant，ppmeantimportance/?mp?:t?ns/n.重要性;重要

8、decision/d?s?n/n.決定;抉擇controlv.限制;約束;管理;控制beincontrolof掌管;管理p.pr-controlling，pt-controlled，pp-controlled2advice?d?va?s不可數(shù)名詞.-givesb.adviceonsth.就某事給某人建議；-takesb?sadvice接受某人的建議advise?dva?zv.-advisesb.todosth.建議某人做某事,此動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語。-advisedoingsth建議做某事相似用法的動(dòng)詞：allow(允許)，permit(允許)，forbid(禁止)等allowdoingst

9、h允許做某事，allowsbtodosth允許某人做某事；permitdoingsth允許做某事，permitsbtodosth允許某人做某事；forbiddoingsth禁止做某事，forbidsbtodosth禁止某人做某事。eg.Wedon?tallowsmokinginthelab.我們不準(zhǔn)在實(shí)驗(yàn)室吸煙。Wedon?tallowpeopletosmokeinthelab.我們不準(zhǔn)人們?cè)趯?shí)驗(yàn)室吸煙。Peoplearenotallowedtosmokeinthelab.人們不準(zhǔn)在實(shí)驗(yàn)室吸煙。spirit/sp?r?t/n.勇氣;意志;精神;酒精death/de/n.死;死亡nurse/n?

10、:s/n.護(hù)士Judy/d?u:d?/朱迪（女名）Nancy/n?ns?/南希（女名）Mandy/m?nde/曼迪（女名）Aron/e?r?n/阿倫羅爾斯頓Utah/ju:t:/猶他州（美國(guó)）【動(dòng)詞短語】haveasoreback后背痛haveastomachache胃痛、肚子痛haveaverysorethroat喉嚨非常痛haveafever發(fā)高燒feelveryhot感到很熱have/catchacold受涼;感冒haveacough咳嗽haveatoothache牙疼talktoomuch說得太多drinkenoughwater喝足夠的水cutmyself劃傷自己hurtoneself

11、傷著自己haveanosebleed流鼻血havearest/takebreaks/takeabreak休息一下asickman一個(gè)生病的人feelsick感到惡心3haveaheartproblem有心臟病onthesideoftheroad在馬路邊,在公路的一側(cè)goalong沿著走becauseof由于getoutof離開;從出來mountainclimbing登山運(yùn)動(dòng)inadifficultsituation在困境中savealife,saveone?slife挽救生命shoutforhelp大聲求救seeadentist=gotoadentist看牙醫(yī)seeadoctor=gotoad

12、octor看醫(yī)生drinkenoughwater喝足夠的水liedownandrest躺下來休息runitunderwater在水下沖，用水沖getoff下車getonthebus上公交車catchthebus趕公交車getoutof從出來getover(克服)geton/alongwellwithsb.和某人相處得好，getback取回hotteawithhoney帶蜂蜜的熱茶getanX-ray拍X光putsomemedicineonit敷一些藥putabandageonsth.用繃帶包扎takebreaksawayfrom遠(yuǎn)離休息withoutmoving沒有移動(dòng)inthesameway

13、以同樣的方式runoutof用完sth.runout.某物用盡了。sb.runoutofsth.人用盡了某物。eg.Hiswaterrunout.Herunoutofallhismoneylastnight.beinterestedin=have/takeaninterestin對(duì)感興趣placesofinterest名勝lostinterestin失去興趣inaverydangeroussituation處于非常危險(xiǎn)的境地takearisk=takerisks冒險(xiǎn)risk(sb.)todosth.冒險(xiǎn)去做某事makedecisions做決定4=makeadecision=makeupone?

14、smind=decidetodosthAbeincontrolofBA管理或控制BAbeinthecontrolofBA在B的控制之中或者A受制于Bbeoutofcontrol無法控制，無法管理beundercontrol被控制住，在控制之下giveup放棄giveup(doing)sth.=stopdoingsth放棄（做）某事，eg.giveup(playing)computergames；givein屈服giveout分發(fā)thinkabout考慮thinkaboutsavingalife考慮挽救生命rightaway立刻、馬上=atonce,rightnowonfoot步行theimpo

15、rtanceof.的重要性keepondoingsth一直持續(xù)做.堅(jiān)持做某事keepsth+adj保持某物某種狀態(tài)cutoff切斷cutup切碎cutdown砍倒beusedtosth.習(xí)慣于、適應(yīng),強(qiáng)調(diào)狀態(tài)；-be/getusedtodoingsth.習(xí)慣于、適應(yīng),-becomeusedtosth./doingsth.變得習(xí)慣，逐漸適應(yīng),強(qiáng)調(diào)過程：Hisgrandpawasusedtocountrylife.Maryisnotusedtogettingupearlyinthemorning.It?sdifficulttogetusedtoanothercountry?shabit.usedt

16、odosth過去常常做.(現(xiàn)在不了)(物)beusedtodosth(物)被用來做.=beusedfordoingsthbereadytodosth樂意做,，準(zhǔn)備好做bereadyfor為.做好準(zhǔn)備afewdays=severaldays幾天puton穿上takeoff脫下falldown=fallover摔倒falldownfrom=falloff從上摔/掉下來fallinlovewith愛上.fallasleep熟睡fallbehind落后5cleanyourface洗你的臉gethitonthehead撞擊頭部getsunburned曬傷putyourheadback把你的頭后仰than

17、ksto=withthehelpof多虧了的幫助=becauseof由于，因?yàn)閣aitforthebus等公共汽車tosb?ssurprise令,吃驚的是，出乎,的意料的是tosb?s+表感情色彩名詞“令某人的是”tosb?sjoy令高興的是tosb?sdisappointment令失望的是tosb?ssatisfaction令滿意的是toone?ssurprise令某人驚奇的是insurprise驚奇地besurprisedtodosth對(duì)做感到吃驚besurprisedatsth對(duì).感到驚奇expectsbtodosth=wishsbtodosth期待做.intime及時(shí)ontime準(zhǔn)時(shí)s

18、eesbdoingsth看見某人正在做seesbdosth看到某人做某事的過程haveproblems（in）breathing呼吸困難=havedifficulty/trouble（in）breathinghavedifficulty/trouble（in）doingsth.做某事有問題/困難haveaseriousaccident一次嚴(yán)重的事故allweekend整個(gè)周末agreetodosth.同意做某事agreetosth.同意某事agreewithsb同意某人.agreeon就,達(dá)成一致意見takeone?stemperature量體溫feellikedoingsth想要.aneig

19、ht-year-oldgirl一個(gè)八歲的女孩amoviecalledKongFuPanda一部叫工夫熊貓的電影sothat以便于so.that如此以至于severalknives(knife-knives)幾把刀6howtodosth如何做putabandageonthecut用繃帶把傷口纏好getintotrouble陷入麻煩中，處于困境=beintroublemaketrouble制造麻煩havetrouble/difficulties(in)doingsth做某事有困難getinto陷入meantodosth打算做某事,企圖meandoingsth意味著做某事themeaningof.的

20、意義Whatdoes.mean?=What?sthemeaningof.的意思是.theimportanceof(doing)sth.（做）某事的重要性minddoingsth介意做eg.Wouldyoumindmyopeningthewindow?stayhealthy=keephealthy保持健康beingoodhealth處于良好的健康狀態(tài)withoutthinkingtwice沒有多加考慮needtodosth需要做某事thesameas.和.一樣findsbdosth發(fā)現(xiàn),做了某事findsbdoingsth發(fā)現(xiàn),正在做某事findit+adj+todosth發(fā)現(xiàn)做某事是,的eg.

21、finditdifficult/hardtodosthbedifferentfrom與.不同hadbetterdosth最好做某事hadbetternotdosth最好不做某事suchadifficultproblem如此難的問題sofast/soquickly如此快sohappy如此高興helponeselfto請(qǐng)隨意.enjoyoneself玩得開心byoneself獨(dú)立地taketheoldmantohospital帶老人去醫(yī)院movethemanontothebus把人移到車上tellof講述tellstories講故事telllies說謊oneoftheexcitingthings令

22、人興奮的事情之一oneofthe+形容詞+名詞復(fù)數(shù)7onthatday具體的某一天hisownlife他自己的生命【知識(shí)點(diǎn)解讀】1.詢問某人的健康問題或遇到什么麻煩、問題時(shí)的表達(dá)：其后跟詢問對(duì)象時(shí)，與介詞with連用What?sthematter(withsb.)?What?sthetrouble(withsb.)?=What?sone?strouble?What?swrong(withsb.)?Isthereanythingwrong(withsb.)?What?sup?Whathappened(tosb.)?Howareyoufeelingnow?AreyouOK?Areyoufeelin

23、gbettertoday?2.要表達(dá)身體疼痛或不舒服,可用以下結(jié)構(gòu):某人+have/has+病癥.某人+have/has+a+headache（toothache，stomachache,backache,earache）.eg.Thetwinshavecolds.雙胞胎感冒了。haveafever發(fā)燒haveaheadache患頭痛haveacold=catchacold患感冒haveabackache患背痛haveastomachache患胃痛havetheflu=gettheflu患流感haveatoothache患牙痛某人+have/has+a+sore+發(fā)病部位.haveasoret

24、hroat患喉嚨痛haveasoreback患背痛某人+hurt(s)+身體部位或反身代詞.Hehurthisleg.他的腿受傷了。某部位+hurt(s).Myheadhurtsbadly.我頭痛得厲害。某人+have/has+apain+inone?s+身體部位,Ihaveapaininmychest.我胸口痛。(Thereis)somethingwrongwithone?s+身體部位.eg.Thereissomethingwrongwithmyrighteye.我的右眼有毛病。其他表達(dá)方式Shehasahearttrouble.她有心臟病。Hegothitonthehead他頭部受到了撞擊

25、。Shecutherfinger.她割破手指了。3.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞should應(yīng)“該;應(yīng)當(dāng)”的用法:-否定式為shouldn?t，其后接動(dòng)詞原形，無人稱和數(shù)的變化。-常用來征詢意見、建議、勸告、要求或義務(wù)等。Youshoulddrinkhotwaterwithhoney.。Youshouldn,twatchTV.-用于主語為第一人稱的疑問句,表示征詢意見。ShouldIputsomemedicineonit?Shouldwetellheraboutit?8【拓展】其他表示建議的結(jié)構(gòu):Wouldyoulike(todo)sth.?你想要/愿意(做)某事嗎?Wouldyouliketoplaybaske

26、tballwithme?ShallI/wedosth?我/我們做,好嗎?Shallwegotothezootomorrow?Whynotdosth?為什么不,呢?Whynotjoinus?How/Whataboutdoingsth?Howaboutgoingswimming?Let?sdosth讓我們做,吧。Let?sgohome.You?dbetter(not)dosth你最好(不)要做某事。You?dbetternotgotherealone.4.反身代詞的用法：myselfourselvesyourselfyourselveshimselfherselfitselfthemselves跟

27、主語一致：Thechildcandresshimself.(作賓語)Mrs.Blackherselfisateacher.(作同位語)Justbeyourself.(作表語)固定短語：teachoneselfsth(自學(xué))helponeselftosth（隨便吃什么）learnsthbyoneself（自學(xué)）saytooneself（自言自語）enjoyoneself（玩的開心）introduceoneself(自主介紹)5.toomuch+不可數(shù)名詞“太多”；動(dòng)詞+toomuchDon?ttalktoomuch.toomany+可數(shù)名詞“太多”muchtoo+形容詞或副詞“太”，表程度Hes

28、muchtoofatforhisage.6.maybe“或許”，常用于句首，表示可能性，后加句子。Maybeyouareright.maybe，是情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+be的結(jié)構(gòu)，意為“可能，也許”，后加名詞、代詞或形容詞。Hemaybeangry.7.soundlike+名詞代詞和從句：Itsoundslikeyoudon?tknowthetruth.Itsoundslikeagoodidea.sound+形容詞，“聽起來，好像”，Themusicsoundsnice.8.need需要，實(shí)義動(dòng)詞-need+名詞，需要某物；-needtodosth.需要做某事，主語通常是人，表示人主動(dòng)的動(dòng)作：Younee

29、dtolistencarefullyduringclass.-needdoingsth.主語通常是物，表示被動(dòng)的動(dòng)作：Yourdirtyclothesneedwashing.-needn?t=don?thaveto沒有必要mustn?t不準(zhǔn)-must,need引導(dǎo)的疑問句肯定回答用must.否定回答用needn?t或don?thaveto9MustIfinishmyhomeworknow?No,youneedn?t.Youcangohomenow.9.seesbdosth/seesbdoingsth感官動(dòng)詞的用法，看見某人做過某事用原形，看見某人正在做某事用現(xiàn)在分詞這樣的詞語有：hear,li

30、stento,lookat,watch,feel,find10.hurt-及物動(dòng)詞，使,疼痛，,受傷，Hehurthislegwhileexercising.-不及物動(dòng)詞，,（部位）疼。Hisleghurtbadly.11.hit（用手或器具）打；擊打Theboyhitthedogwithastone.-hitsb.onthehead/nose/back打某人的頭、鼻子、后背，on用在所打較硬的部位；-heface/eye/stomach打某人的臉、眼睛、肚子，in用在所打較軟的部位。12.sick/illadj.生病的-sickadj.生“病的”，既可放be(系動(dòng)詞)后作表

31、語，也可放n.前作定語。besickof“討厭；厭惡”feelsick生??；不舒服sickperson=patient病人-illadj.生“病的”，只能放be(系動(dòng)詞)后作表語，illillnessn.“??；疾病”beillinhospital生病13.sothat-引導(dǎo)目的狀語從句，“以致，為了，以便于”；-可以和inorderthat,inorderto,soasto進(jìn)行替換IgotupveryearlythismorningsothatIcouldcatchtheearlytrain=IgotupveryearlythismorninginorderthatIcouldcatchthe

32、earlytrain.=Igotupveryearlythismorninginordertocatchtheearlytrain.=Igotupveryearlythismorningsoastocatchtheearlytrain.14so.that-引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句“如此以致于”-常用句型：主+謂+so+adj./adv.+that從句主+謂+so+adj(a/an+n)that從句Heissocute(aboy)thatwealllikehim.=such+a/an+adj+名詞單數(shù)+that-從句Heissuchacleverboythateverybodylikeshim.-若從句主語與主句主語一致，否定句中可與too.to.,not.enoughto.進(jìn)行互換。ThisproblemissodifficultthatIcantworkitout.=Thisproblemistoodifficultformetoworkout.Heissoyoungthathecantgotoschool.=Heistooyoungtogotoschool.=Heisn?